Question 1

Calculate the r-value (effect size) for the platform variable contrast assuming that F(1,dfR) = 57.1 and dfR = 14.

Accepted Answer

A)  .8 
B)  15 
C)  1.2 
D)  1.0 
A)  .8 
B)  15 
C)  1.2 
D)  1.0 A

Question 2

A simple contrast was performed between the barefoot (BF) strike and the basic sole (BS) strike and barefoot strike with the cushioned sole (CS) strike. The results were as follows, but how would you interpret them? F(1,14) = 98.28, p (1,14) = 141.13, p < .001,   = .91 (CS vs. BF)

Accepted Answer

A)  Both the BS and CS conditions yielded significantly lower force strikes when compared with the BF condition. 
B)  Both the BS and CS conditions yielded significantly higher force strikes when compared with the BF condition. 
C)  The results between the three conditions were not significantly different. 
D)  The CS condition yielded significantly lower force strikes when compared with the BF condition, but the BS produced a significantly greater force strike than the BF condition. 
A)  Both the BS and CS conditions yielded significantly lower force strikes when compared with the BF condition. 
B)  Both the BS and CS conditions yielded significantly higher force strikes when compared with the BF condition. 
C)  The results between the three conditions were not significantly different. 
D)  The CS condition yielded significantly lower force strikes when compared with the BF condition, but the BS produced a significantly greater force strike than the BF condition. A

Question 3

If specific hypotheses to particular research questions are required, which of the following would be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Contrasts 
B)  Post hoc tests 
C)  Multiple t-tests 
D)  The ANOVA result alone is sufficient. 
A)  Contrasts 
B)  Post hoc tests 
C)  Multiple t-tests 
D)  The ANOVA result alone is sufficient. A

Question 4

Which variable would be considered the within-groups variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  Running status 
B)  Concentration 
C)  Flavoured water (placebo) 
D)  9% solution (high dose) 
A)  Running status 
B)  Concentration 
C)  Flavoured water (placebo) 
D)  9% solution (high dose)

Question 5

The platform × gender interaction produced the following result: F(1,14) = .395, p = .54,   = .027. Which of the following descriptions best describes the result?

Accepted Answer

A)  There was no significant interaction between the platform and gender variables and the effect size was weak. 
B)  There was a significant interaction between the platform and gender variables, but the effect size was weak. 
C)  There was no significant interaction between the platform and gender variables but the effect size was strong. 
D)  There was a significant interaction between the platform and gender variables and the effect size was strong. 
A)  There was no significant interaction between the platform and gender variables and the effect size was weak. 
B)  There was a significant interaction between the platform and gender variables, but the effect size was weak. 
C)  There was no significant interaction between the platform and gender variables but the effect size was strong. 
D)  There was a significant interaction between the platform and gender variables and the effect size was strong.

Question 6

If you were investigating mental alertness when exposed to prolonged periods of sleep deprivation, what would be the most appropriate contrast to use if you were interested in the reduction in alertness from hour to hour (e.g. 1 vs. 2 h, 2 vs. 3 h, 3 vs. 4 h, etc.)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Repeated 
B)  Simple 
C)  Helmert 
D)  Deviation 
A)  Repeated 
B)  Simple 
C)  Helmert 
D)  Deviation

Question 7

Overall, how would you summarize the data presented in this example?

Accepted Answer

A)  The more cushioning in the shoe, the greater the reduction in force exerted, which was reduced further when the participants were not aware of the force platform position. 
B)  The more cushioning in the shoe, the greater the reduction in force exerted, which was reduced further when the participants were aware of the force platform position. 
C)  The less cushioning in the shoe, the greater the reduction in force exerted, which was reduced further when the participants were not aware of the force platform position. 
D)  The less cushioning in the shoe, the greater the reduction in force exerted, which was reduced further when the participants were aware of the force platform position. 
A)  The more cushioning in the shoe, the greater the reduction in force exerted, which was reduced further when the participants were not aware of the force platform position. 
B)  The more cushioning in the shoe, the greater the reduction in force exerted, which was reduced further when the participants were aware of the force platform position. 
C)  The less cushioning in the shoe, the greater the reduction in force exerted, which was reduced further when the participants were not aware of the force platform position. 
D)  The less cushioning in the shoe, the greater the reduction in force exerted, which was reduced further when the participants were aware of the force platform position.

Question 8

When running a mixed design ANOVA for a particular experiment a significant Levene's test is found. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  Outlying data points / observations 
B)  Similar variance between the data sets 
C)  Data are normally distributed 
D)  Sphericity cannot be assumed 
A)  Outlying data points / observations 
B)  Similar variance between the data sets 
C)  Data are normally distributed 
D)  Sphericity cannot be assumed

Question 9

Which variable would be considered the between-groups variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  Running status 
B)  Concentration 
C)  Flavoured water (placebo) 
D)  9% solution (high dose) 
A)  Running status 
B)  Concentration 
C)  Flavoured water (placebo) 
D)  9% solution (high dose)

Question 10

What can be deduced about the sphericity of the shoe and shoe × platform variables?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both variables are non-significant, and therefore sphericity can be assumed. 
B)  Both variables are significant, and therefore sphericity can be assumed. 
C)  Both variables are non-significant, and therefore sphericity cannot be assumed. 
D)  Both variables are significant, and therefore sphericity cannot be assumed. 
A)  Both variables are non-significant, and therefore sphericity can be assumed. 
B)  Both variables are significant, and therefore sphericity can be assumed. 
C)  Both variables are non-significant, and therefore sphericity cannot be assumed. 
D)  Both variables are significant, and therefore sphericity cannot be assumed.

Question 11

What does the within-groups table refer to?

Accepted Answer

A)  Repeated-measures effects only 
B)  Interaction effects only 
C)  Repeated-measures and interaction effects 
D)  Between group effects 
A)  Repeated-measures effects only 
B)  Interaction effects only 
C)  Repeated-measures and interaction effects 
D)  Between group effects

Question 12

What do the between-group effects tell us about the gender variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is no significant difference between male and female participants. 
B)  There is a significant difference between male and female participants. 
C)  There is significant difference between male and female participants when associated with the platform variable. 
D)  The results were marginally non-significant. 
A)  There is no significant difference between male and female participants. 
B)  There is a significant difference between male and female participants. 
C)  There is significant difference between male and female participants when associated with the platform variable. 
D)  The results were marginally non-significant.

Question 13

Examine the within-group effects table. Which conditions were significant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Shoe 
B)  Shoe × platform 
C)  Platform* 
D)  Gender × shoe × platform 
A)  Shoe 
B)  Shoe × platform 
C)  Platform* 
D)  Gender × shoe × platform

Question 14

If you wanted to run a simple contrast on the force exerted when running over a force platform and you used the barefoot trial as control, where would it be best to position it in the SPSS data editor?

Accepted Answer

A)  As the first data set 
B)  As the second data set 
C)  As the third data set 
D)  As the first or third data set 
A)  As the first data set 
B)  As the second data set 
C)  As the third data set 
D)  As the first or third data set

Question 15

Ten experienced and ten novice distance runners (running status) were asked to run four marathons. During each run, a different carbohydrate solution (concentration) was consumed (flavoured water, placebo; 3% solution, low dose; 6% solution, medium dose; 9% solution, high dose) and race time was recorded. How many independent variables were measured?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  5 
A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  5

Question 16

If you were to introduce an additional variable called 'force platform status' which denoted whether the force platform was visible to the participants or not, how many experimental conditions would there be?

Accepted Answer

A)  5 
B)  7 
C)  9 
D)  11 
A)  5 
B)  7 
C)  9 
D)  11

Question 17

Suppose you wished to investigate the force exerted on a force platform between men and women with three different types of footwear (barefoot, no cushioning, basic neutral shoe, BC; and complex cushioned neutral shoe, CCS). If you wished to compare the force exerted when running barefoot with the BC shoe and then the CCS shoe, what type of contrast might be appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Simple 
B)  Repeated 
C)  Helmert 
D)  Deviation 
A)  Simple 
B)  Repeated 
C)  Helmert 
D)  Deviation

Question 18

If one or more of the conditions was significant, what would be the next appropriate step?

Accepted Answer

A)  Transform the data to stabilize the variance between the groups. 
B)  No action is required as a mixed design ANOVA is stable enough to withstand a heterogeneous result. 
C)  A non-parametric equivalent to a mixed design ANOVA is required. 
D)  None of the above actions are appropriate. 
A)  Transform the data to stabilize the variance between the groups. 
B)  No action is required as a mixed design ANOVA is stable enough to withstand a heterogeneous result. 
C)  A non-parametric equivalent to a mixed design ANOVA is required. 
D)  None of the above actions are appropriate.

Question 19

Analyse the following output box. What can be deduced from the results of Levene's test?

Accepted Answer

A)  All the values are significant. 
B)  All the values are not significant. 
C)  With the exception of the barefoot unseen condition, all the values are significant. 
D)  With the exception of the barefoot unseen condition, all the values are not significant. 
A)  All the values are significant. 
B)  All the values are not significant. 
C)  With the exception of the barefoot unseen condition, all the values are significant. 
D)  With the exception of the barefoot unseen condition, all the values are not significant.

Question 20

How many levels were measured on the running status variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  4 
A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  4

Calculate the r-value (effect size) for the platform variable contrast assuming that F(1,df_R) = 57.1 and df_R = 14.

If specific hypotheses to particular research questions are required, which of the following would be most appropriate?

Which variable would be considered the within-groups variable?

The platform × gender interaction produced the following result: F_(1,14) = .395, p = .54, = .027. Which of the following descriptions best describes the result?

If you were investigating mental alertness when exposed to prolonged periods of sleep deprivation, what would be the most appropriate contrast to use if you were interested in the reduction in alertness from hour to hour (e.g. 1 vs. 2 h, 2 vs. 3 h, 3 vs. 4 h, etc.)?

Overall, how would you summarize the data presented in this example?

When running a mixed design ANOVA for a particular experiment a significant Levene's test is found. What is the most likely cause?

Which variable would be considered the between-groups variable?

What can be deduced about the sphericity of the shoe and shoe × platform variables?

What does the within-groups table refer to?

What do the between-group effects tell us about the gender variable?

Examine the within-group effects table. Which conditions were significant?

If you wanted to run a simple contrast on the force exerted when running over a force platform and you used the barefoot trial as control, where would it be best to position it in the SPSS data editor?

If you were to introduce an additional variable called 'force platform status' which denoted whether the force platform was visible to the participants or not, how many experimental conditions would there be?

If one or more of the conditions was significant, what would be the next appropriate step?

Analyse the following output box. What can be deduced from the results of Levene's test?

How many levels were measured on the running status variable?

Why Is My Evil Lecturer Forcing Me to Learn Statistics

The Spine of Statistics

The Phoenix of Statistics

The Ibm Spss Statistics Environment

Exploring Data With Graphs

The Beast of Bias

Non-Parametric Models

Correlation

Regression

Comparing Two Means

Moderation,mediation and More Regression

Glm 1: Comparing Several Independent Means

Glm 2: Comparing Means Adjusted for Other Predictors Analysis of Covariance

Glm 3: Factorial Designs

Glm 4: Repeated-Measures Designs

Multivariate Analysis of Variance Manova

Exploratory Factor Analysis

Categorical Outcomes: Chi-Square and Loglinear Analysis

Categorical Outcomes: Logistic Regression

Multilevel Linear Models

Filters

Exam 16: Glm 5: Mixed Designs

Calculate the r-value (effect size) for the platform variable contrast assuming that F(1,dfR) = 57.1 and dfR = 14.

If specific hypotheses to particular research questions are required, which of the following would be most appropriate?

Which variable would be considered the within-groups variable?

The platform × gender interaction produced the following result: F(1,14) = .395, p = .54, = .027. Which of the following descriptions best describes the result?

If you were investigating mental alertness when exposed to prolonged periods of sleep deprivation, what would be the most appropriate contrast to use if you were interested in the reduction in alertness from hour to hour (e.g. 1 vs. 2 h, 2 vs. 3 h, 3 vs. 4 h, etc.)?

Overall, how would you summarize the data presented in this example?

When running a mixed design ANOVA for a particular experiment a significant Levene's test is found. What is the most likely cause?

Which variable would be considered the between-groups variable?

What can be deduced about the sphericity of the shoe and shoe × platform variables?

What does the within-groups table refer to?

What do the between-group effects tell us about the gender variable?

Examine the within-group effects table. Which conditions were significant?

If you wanted to run a simple contrast on the force exerted when running over a force platform and you used the barefoot trial as control, where would it be best to position it in the SPSS data editor?

If you were to introduce an additional variable called 'force platform status' which denoted whether the force platform was visible to the participants or not, how many experimental conditions would there be?

If one or more of the conditions was significant, what would be the next appropriate step?

Analyse the following output box. What can be deduced from the results of Levene's test?

How many levels were measured on the running status variable?

Why Is My Evil Lecturer Forcing Me to Learn Statistics

The Spine of Statistics

The Phoenix of Statistics

The Ibm Spss Statistics Environment

Exploring Data With Graphs

The Beast of Bias

Non-Parametric Models

Correlation

Regression

Comparing Two Means

Moderation,mediation and More Regression

Glm 1: Comparing Several Independent Means

Glm 2: Comparing Means Adjusted for Other Predictors Analysis of Covariance

Glm 3: Factorial Designs

Glm 4: Repeated-Measures Designs

Multivariate Analysis of Variance Manova

Exploratory Factor Analysis

Categorical Outcomes: Chi-Square and Loglinear Analysis

Categorical Outcomes: Logistic Regression

Multilevel Linear Models

Filters

Calculate the r-value (effect size) for the platform variable contrast assuming that F(1,df_R) = 57.1 and df_R = 14.

The platform × gender interaction produced the following result: F_(1,14) = .395, p = .54, = .027. Which of the following descriptions best describes the result?