Question 1

What does a negative t-statistic suggest?

Accepted Answer

A)  The stomach cancer mean was subtracted from the lung cancer mean. 
B)  The lung cancer mean was subtracted from the stomach cancer mean. 
C)  It is impossible to tell as SPSS randomly orders the numbers. 
D)  None of the above. 
A)  The stomach cancer mean was subtracted from the lung cancer mean. 
B)  The lung cancer mean was subtracted from the stomach cancer mean. 
C)  It is impossible to tell as SPSS randomly orders the numbers. 
D)  None of the above. B

Question 2

According to Cohen, how might this effect size be interpreted?

Accepted Answer

A)  Large effect size 
B)  Medium effect size 
C)  Small effect size 
D)  Very small effect size 
A)  Large effect size 
B)  Medium effect size 
C)  Small effect size 
D)  Very small effect size A

Question 3

Assume that for the research into stomach and lung cancer the significance value is set at p < .05 and an independent t-test yielded a significance value of p = .06. What should you do?

Accepted Answer

A)  Accept the null hypothesis and state that there is no difference in the duration of the survival between the two types of cancer. 
B)  Reject the null hypothesis and state that there is a difference in the duration of the survival between the two types of cancers. 
C)  Accept the null hypothesis and state that there is no difference in the duration of the survival between the two types of cancer, but that it is worth further investigation. 
D)  The results are inconclusive. 
A)  Accept the null hypothesis and state that there is no difference in the duration of the survival between the two types of cancer. 
B)  Reject the null hypothesis and state that there is a difference in the duration of the survival between the two types of cancers. 
C)  Accept the null hypothesis and state that there is no difference in the duration of the survival between the two types of cancer, but that it is worth further investigation. 
D)  The results are inconclusive. C

Question 4

Which of the following expressions best represents the degrees of freedom?

Accepted Answer

A)  N - 1 
B)  N + 1 
C)  N - 2 
D)  N + 2 
A)  N - 1 
B)  N + 1 
C)  N - 2 
D)  N + 2

Question 5

What is the effect size for the cancer survival data?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.9 
B)  0.6 
C)  0.3 
D)  0.1 
A)  0.9 
B)  0.6 
C)  0.3 
D)  0.1

Question 6

When analysing the cancer survival data, a p-value set at .05 or .01 is most likely to protect against which type of error?

Accepted Answer

A)  Type I error 
B)  Type II error 
C)  Type I and II errors 
D)  It is sufficient to protect against either error. 
A)  Type I error 
B)  Type II error 
C)  Type I and II errors 
D)  It is sufficient to protect against either error.

Question 7

How is a t-statistic calculated?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mean difference / standard error of the mean 
B)  Mean difference / standard deviation 
C)  Standard error of the mean / standard deviation 
D)  Standard deviation / degrees of freedom 
A)  Mean difference / standard error of the mean 
B)  Mean difference / standard deviation 
C)  Standard error of the mean / standard deviation 
D)  Standard deviation / degrees of freedom

Question 8

Analyse the heart rate data collected during a VO2 max test. The data points (observations) were collected at the point the lactate threshold occurred (the point at which blood lactate deviates from resting concentrations) before and after a six-week aerobic training programme. Interpret the SPSS output and decide whether the two data sets are normally distributed.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both pre- and post-test data sets are normally distributed. 
B)  The pre-test data set is normally distributed but the post test data set is not. 
C)  The post-test data set is normally distributed but the pre-test data set is not. 
D)  Neither data set is normally distributed. 
A)  Both pre- and post-test data sets are normally distributed. 
B)  The pre-test data set is normally distributed but the post test data set is not. 
C)  The post-test data set is normally distributed but the pre-test data set is not. 
D)  Neither data set is normally distributed.

Question 9

When comparing pre-competition arousal scores in novice and expert tennis players you find that the scores for the novice group are not normally distributed. What test should be run to see if arousal scores are statistically different?

Accepted Answer

A) Independent t-test 
B)  Mann-Whitney test 
C)  Paired-samples t-test 
D)  Wilcoxon test 
A) Independent t-test 
B)  Mann-Whitney test 
C)  Paired-samples t-test 
D)  Wilcoxon test

Question 10

Run an independent t-test on the data. A Levene's test result of p = .006 was obtained. What can we infer from this number?

Accepted Answer

A)  The stomach and lung cancer variance is heterogeneous. 
B)  The stomach and lung cancer variance is homogenous. 
C)  The distributions look fairly similar. 
D)  The result is inconclusive. 
A)  The stomach and lung cancer variance is heterogeneous. 
B)  The stomach and lung cancer variance is homogenous. 
C)  The distributions look fairly similar. 
D)  The result is inconclusive.

Question 11

How might you classify the measurement scale of the survival rate (days)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nominal 
B)  Ordinal 
C)  Interval 
D)  Ratio 
A)  Nominal 
B)  Ordinal 
C)  Interval 
D)  Ratio

Question 12

Which of the following issues are likely to cause Type II error in the cancer survival data?

Accepted Answer

A)  Error in recording the survival rate 
B)  Small sample size resulting in insufficient power 
C)  Treatment effect poorly applied 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Error in recording the survival rate 
B)  Small sample size resulting in insufficient power 
C)  Treatment effect poorly applied 
D)  All of the above

Question 13

Which of the following statements best reflects statistical power?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ability of a statistical test to detect a difference when one genuinely exists. 
B)  The ability of a statistical test to yield appropriate participant numbers. 
C)  The ability of a statistical test to successfully identify the confidence intervals of a sample mean. 
D)  The ability of a statistical test to apply a meaningful effect. 
A)  The ability of a statistical test to detect a difference when one genuinely exists. 
B)  The ability of a statistical test to yield appropriate participant numbers. 
C)  The ability of a statistical test to successfully identify the confidence intervals of a sample mean. 
D)  The ability of a statistical test to apply a meaningful effect.

Question 14

Analyse the data below related to days survival following surgery from either stomach or lung cancer. What is the result of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for the patients who survived stomach cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  D(13) = .203, p = .146 
B)  D(17) = .175, p = .173 
C)  D(13) = .930, p = .344 
D)  D(17) = .821, p = .004 
A)  D(13) = .203, p = .146 
B)  D(17) = .175, p = .173 
C)  D(13) = .930, p = .344 
D)  D(17) = .821, p = .004

Question 15

What is the correct result for the independent t-test?

Accepted Answer

A)  t(17.95) = -2.24, p = .038 
B)  t(28) = -1.98, p = .058 
C)  t(17.95) = -2.24, p = .006 
D)  t(28) = -1.98, p = .006 
A)  t(17.95) = -2.24, p = .038 
B)  t(28) = -1.98, p = .058 
C)  t(17.95) = -2.24, p = .006 
D)  t(28) = -1.98, p = .006

Question 16

Suppose we wanted to apply a one-tailed test as opposed to a two-tailed test. How would we covert a significance of p = .284?

Accepted Answer

A)  .284 / 2 = .142 
B)  .284 × 2 = .568 
C)  .284 / 11 = .026 
D)  .284 × 11 = 3.124 
A)  .284 / 2 = .142 
B)  .284 × 2 = .568 
C)  .284 / 11 = .026 
D)  .284 × 11 = 3.124

Question 17

Once you have the significance value of the t-test, it is beneficial to calculate the effect size. Cohen's d is a measure of effect size. How is it calculated?

Accepted Answer

A)  (mean 2 - mean 1) / mean of the standard deviation 
B)  (mean 2 - mean 1) × mean of the standard deviation 
C)  (mean 2 + mean 1) - mean of the standard deviation 
D)  (mean 2 / mean 1) + mean of the standard deviation 
A)  (mean 2 - mean 1) / mean of the standard deviation 
B)  (mean 2 - mean 1) × mean of the standard deviation 
C)  (mean 2 + mean 1) - mean of the standard deviation 
D)  (mean 2 / mean 1) + mean of the standard deviation

Question 18

When analysing the result of the paired samples t-test, the output presents the following box, but what do the results show you?

Accepted Answer

A)  The correlation value between the two variables is strong, statistically significant and therefore correct to use. 
B)  The correlation value between the two variables is moderate, but not statistically significant and therefore should not have been used. 
C)  The correlation value between the two variables is weak and not statistically significant and therefore should not have been used. 
D)  The correlation value between the two variables is weak, but statistically significant and therefore correct to use. 
A)  The correlation value between the two variables is strong, statistically significant and therefore correct to use. 
B)  The correlation value between the two variables is moderate, but not statistically significant and therefore should not have been used. 
C)  The correlation value between the two variables is weak and not statistically significant and therefore should not have been used. 
D)  The correlation value between the two variables is weak, but statistically significant and therefore correct to use.

Question 19

Examine the following SPSS output from the heart rate data. Based on 11 degrees of freedom, working to a two-tailed significance value of .05, the critical value for t is 2.201. What can you assume from the output? (The significance value has been omitted on purpose.)

Accepted Answer

A)  The data sets were not significantly different. 
B)  The data sets were significantly different. 
C)  The critical value and the t-statistic were too similar and therefore inconclusive. 
D)  The data sets are most likely normally distributed. 
A)  The data sets were not significantly different. 
B)  The data sets were significantly different. 
C)  The critical value and the t-statistic were too similar and therefore inconclusive. 
D)  The data sets are most likely normally distributed.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a form of t-test?

Accepted Answer

A)  Independent-samples t-test 
B)  Paired-samples t-test 
C)  One-sample t-test 
D)  Mixed model t-test 
A)  Independent-samples t-test 
B)  Paired-samples t-test 
C)  One-sample t-test 
D)  Mixed model t-test

What does a negative t-statistic suggest?

According to Cohen, how might this effect size be interpreted?

Assume that for the research into stomach and lung cancer the significance value is set at p < .05 and an independent t-test yielded a significance value of p = .06. What should you do?

Which of the following expressions best represents the degrees of freedom?

What is the effect size for the cancer survival data?

When analysing the cancer survival data, a p-value set at .05 or .01 is most likely to protect against which type of error?

How is a t-statistic calculated?

When comparing pre-competition arousal scores in novice and expert tennis players you find that the scores for the novice group are not normally distributed. What test should be run to see if arousal scores are statistically different?

Run an independent t-test on the data. A Levene's test result of p = .006 was obtained. What can we infer from this number?

How might you classify the measurement scale of the survival rate (days)?

Which of the following issues are likely to cause Type II error in the cancer survival data?

Which of the following statements best reflects statistical power?

Analyse the data below related to days survival following surgery from either stomach or lung cancer. What is the result of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for the patients who survived stomach cancer?

What is the correct result for the independent t-test?

Suppose we wanted to apply a one-tailed test as opposed to a two-tailed test. How would we covert a significance of p = .284?

Once you have the significance value of the t-test, it is beneficial to calculate the effect size. Cohen's d is a measure of effect size. How is it calculated?

When analysing the result of the paired samples t-test, the output presents the following box, but what do the results show you?

Examine the following SPSS output from the heart rate data. Based on 11 degrees of freedom, working to a two-tailed significance value of .05, the critical value for t is 2.201. What can you assume from the output? (The significance value has been omitted on purpose.)

Which of the following is not a form of t-test?

Why Is My Evil Lecturer Forcing Me to Learn Statistics

The Spine of Statistics

The Phoenix of Statistics

The Ibm Spss Statistics Environment

Exploring Data With Graphs

The Beast of Bias

Non-Parametric Models

Correlation

Regression

Moderation,mediation and More Regression

Glm 1: Comparing Several Independent Means

Glm 2: Comparing Means Adjusted for Other Predictors Analysis of Covariance

Glm 3: Factorial Designs

Glm 4: Repeated-Measures Designs

Glm 5: Mixed Designs

Multivariate Analysis of Variance Manova

Exploratory Factor Analysis

Categorical Outcomes: Chi-Square and Loglinear Analysis

Categorical Outcomes: Logistic Regression

Multilevel Linear Models

Filters

Exam 10: Comparing Two Means

What does a negative t-statistic suggest?

According to Cohen, how might this effect size be interpreted?

Assume that for the research into stomach and lung cancer the significance value is set at p < .05 and an independent t-test yielded a significance value of p = .06. What should you do?

Which of the following expressions best represents the degrees of freedom?

What is the effect size for the cancer survival data?

When analysing the cancer survival data, a p-value set at .05 or .01 is most likely to protect against which type of error?

How is a t-statistic calculated?

When comparing pre-competition arousal scores in novice and expert tennis players you find that the scores for the novice group are not normally distributed. What test should be run to see if arousal scores are statistically different?

Run an independent t-test on the data. A Levene's test result of p = .006 was obtained. What can we infer from this number?

How might you classify the measurement scale of the survival rate (days)?

Which of the following issues are likely to cause Type II error in the cancer survival data?

Which of the following statements best reflects statistical power?

Analyse the data below related to days survival following surgery from either stomach or lung cancer. What is the result of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for the patients who survived stomach cancer?

What is the correct result for the independent t-test?

Suppose we wanted to apply a one-tailed test as opposed to a two-tailed test. How would we covert a significance of p = .284?

Once you have the significance value of the t-test, it is beneficial to calculate the effect size. Cohen's d is a measure of effect size. How is it calculated?

When analysing the result of the paired samples t-test, the output presents the following box, but what do the results show you?

Examine the following SPSS output from the heart rate data. Based on 11 degrees of freedom, working to a two-tailed significance value of .05, the critical value for t is 2.201. What can you assume from the output? (The significance value has been omitted on purpose.)

Which of the following is not a form of t-test?

Why Is My Evil Lecturer Forcing Me to Learn Statistics

The Spine of Statistics

The Phoenix of Statistics

The Ibm Spss Statistics Environment

Exploring Data With Graphs

The Beast of Bias

Non-Parametric Models

Correlation

Regression

Moderation,mediation and More Regression

Glm 1: Comparing Several Independent Means

Glm 2: Comparing Means Adjusted for Other Predictors Analysis of Covariance

Glm 3: Factorial Designs

Glm 4: Repeated-Measures Designs

Glm 5: Mixed Designs

Multivariate Analysis of Variance Manova

Exploratory Factor Analysis

Categorical Outcomes: Chi-Square and Loglinear Analysis

Categorical Outcomes: Logistic Regression

Multilevel Linear Models

Filters