Question 1

Of these four events, which would occur first in urine formation?

Accepted Answer

A) Glomerular filtration 
B) Tubular secretion 
C) Tubular resorption 
D) Urine concentration 
A) Glomerular filtration 
B) Tubular secretion 
C) Tubular resorption 
D) Urine concentration A

Question 2

What is the dialysis tubing simulating when demonstrating the function of the nephron?

Accepted Answer

A) Collecting duct 
B) Renal pelvis 
C) Filtration membrane 
D) Blood flow 
A) Collecting duct 
B) Renal pelvis 
C) Filtration membrane 
D) Blood flow C

Question 3

Which is not a function of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A) Maintaining the blood's water balance 
B) Producing renin 
C) Resorbing bile for recycling 
D) Regulating the blood's acid-base balance 
A) Maintaining the blood's water balance 
B) Producing renin 
C) Resorbing bile for recycling 
D) Regulating the blood's acid-base balance C

Question 4

Why can't a plasma protein move through the dialysis tubing of the simulated filtration membrane?

Accepted Answer

A) It is too large. 
B) Its shape is incompatible with receptor. 
C) It is too small. 
D) It has an opposite electrical charge. 
A) It is too large. 
B) Its shape is incompatible with receptor. 
C) It is too small. 
D) It has an opposite electrical charge.

Question 5

Explain why excess proteins in the urine of a pregnant woman are an indication of preeclampsia.

Accepted Answer

A) Larger molecules such as proteins more easily pass through the filtration membrane when blood pressure is elevated and is a sign of kidney problems. 
B) Excess proteins in the urine are a sign of a urinary tract infection, which is a common condition in pregnant women. 
C) Excess proteins in the urine are a sign of gestational diabetes (diabetes mellitus), which can affect pregnant women. 
D) Excess proteins in the urine are a sign of physiological stress on the liver, which can occur during pregnancy. 
A) Larger molecules such as proteins more easily pass through the filtration membrane when blood pressure is elevated and is a sign of kidney problems. 
B) Excess proteins in the urine are a sign of a urinary tract infection, which is a common condition in pregnant women. 
C) Excess proteins in the urine are a sign of gestational diabetes (diabetes mellitus), which can affect pregnant women. 
D) Excess proteins in the urine are a sign of physiological stress on the liver, which can occur during pregnancy.

Question 6

Substance Y is not present in the urine; however, it was originally filtered through the glomerulus. How is this possible?

Accepted Answer

A) It was phagocytized during the countercurrent exchange. 
B) It was secreted in the distal tubule. 
C) It was resorbed in the proximal tubule. 
D) It was not filtered by the glomerulus. 
A) It was phagocytized during the countercurrent exchange. 
B) It was secreted in the distal tubule. 
C) It was resorbed in the proximal tubule. 
D) It was not filtered by the glomerulus.

Question 7

Explain why filtration is a passive process in the renal corpuscle.

Accepted Answer

A) The size of the filtration slits and fenestrations is constant. 
B) Blood pressure in the glomerulus is constant. 
C) Podocyte regulation of filtration is constant. 
D) Hydrostatic pressure in the capsular space is constant. 
A) The size of the filtration slits and fenestrations is constant. 
B) Blood pressure in the glomerulus is constant. 
C) Podocyte regulation of filtration is constant. 
D) Hydrostatic pressure in the capsular space is constant.

Question 8

-Identify the structure labeled "g."

Accepted Answer

A) Glomerular capsule 
B) Renal corpuscle 
C) Efferent arteriole 
D) Afferent arteriole 
A) Glomerular capsule 
B) Renal corpuscle 
C) Efferent arteriole 
D) Afferent arteriole

Question 9

In a simulation of the filtration membrane, which substance should be able to pass through the dialysis tubing?

Accepted Answer

A) Leukocyte 
B) Erythrocyte 
C) Glucose 
D) Protein 
A) Leukocyte 
B) Erythrocyte 
C) Glucose 
D) Protein

Question 10

Which structure surrounds the proximal and distal tubules?

Accepted Answer

A) Vasa recta 
B) Nephron loop 
C) Glomerulus 
D) Peritubular capillaries 
A) Vasa recta 
B) Nephron loop 
C) Glomerulus 
D) Peritubular capillaries

Question 11

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is composed of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) juxtaglomerular cells 
B) podocytes 
C) macula densa cells 
D) both juxtaglomerular and macula densa cells 
A) juxtaglomerular cells 
B) podocytes 
C) macula densa cells 
D) both juxtaglomerular and macula densa cells

Question 12

Explain the structural and functional significance of the location of the juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Accepted Answer

A) This location allows the macula densa cells to receive information about the results of the three processes of urine formation and give instructions to the afferent arteriole thus changing activity levels for future urine production. 
B) This location allows the macula densa cells to receive information about the results of the three processes of urine formation and give instructions to the efferent arteriole thus changing activity levels for future urine production. 
C) This location provides the best opportunity to affect rates of reabsorption. 
D) This location has a higher interstitial osmolarity allowing regulation of salt concentrations in urine. 
A) This location allows the macula densa cells to receive information about the results of the three processes of urine formation and give instructions to the afferent arteriole thus changing activity levels for future urine production. 
B) This location allows the macula densa cells to receive information about the results of the three processes of urine formation and give instructions to the efferent arteriole thus changing activity levels for future urine production. 
C) This location provides the best opportunity to affect rates of reabsorption. 
D) This location has a higher interstitial osmolarity allowing regulation of salt concentrations in urine.

Question 13

Why is filtration a passive process?

Accepted Answer

A) It is driven by osmotic pressure. 
B) It is driven by ATP production. 
C) It is driven by blood pressure. 
D) It is driven by partial pressure gradient. 
A) It is driven by osmotic pressure. 
B) It is driven by ATP production. 
C) It is driven by blood pressure. 
D) It is driven by partial pressure gradient.

Question 14

Substance X was isolated in a urine sample, but it is too big to pass through the glomerular filtration membrane. How is this possible?

Accepted Answer

A) The glomerulus must be infected and hyperpermeable. 
B) The kidney must be damaged. 
C) It was secreted later in the distal tubule. 
D) It isn't possible. There was a flaw in the urinalysis. 
A) The glomerulus must be infected and hyperpermeable. 
B) The kidney must be damaged. 
C) It was secreted later in the distal tubule. 
D) It isn't possible. There was a flaw in the urinalysis.

Question 15

In which part of the renal tubule does aldosterone primarily target?

Accepted Answer

A) Nephron loop 
B) Collecting duct 
C) Proximal tubule 
D) Distal tubule 
A) Nephron loop 
B) Collecting duct 
C) Proximal tubule 
D) Distal tubule

Question 16

When demonstrating the function of the filtration membrane in a lab activity, what is used to test for various substances in the urine filtrate?

Accepted Answer

A) Spectrometer 
B) Urinalysis strip 
C) Dialysis tubing 
D) Deionized water 
A) Spectrometer 
B) Urinalysis strip 
C) Dialysis tubing 
D) Deionized water

Question 17

Which substance should be found in urine?

Accepted Answer

A) Plasma proteins 
B) Urea 
C) Erythrocytes 
D) Glucose 
A) Plasma proteins 
B) Urea 
C) Erythrocytes 
D) Glucose

Question 18

Reabsorption and active transport occur in the convoluted tubules of the nephron, whereas filtration occurs in the glomerular capsule of the renal corpuscle. Predict what cellular structure will be more abundant in tubule cells as compared to capsule cells.

Accepted Answer

A) Mitochondria 
B) RER 
C) Golgi apparatus 
D) Lysosomes 
A) Mitochondria 
B) RER 
C) Golgi apparatus 
D) Lysosomes

Question 19

What can a urinalysis test tell a health practitioner about a patient?

Accepted Answer

A) Whether the patient is having problems with their pancreas 
B) Whether the blood is too acidic 
C) Whether the patient has chronic high blood pressure 
D) Whether the kidney is functioning properly 
E) Any of these can be indicated by a urinalysis test 
A) Whether the patient is having problems with their pancreas 
B) Whether the blood is too acidic 
C) Whether the patient has chronic high blood pressure 
D) Whether the kidney is functioning properly 
E) Any of these can be indicated by a urinalysis test

Question 20

The filtration membrane is created by the ________ and ________.

Accepted Answer

A) glomerulus; podocytes 
B) afferent arteriole; vasa recta 
C) glomerulus; parietal layer of glomerular capsule 
D) glomerular capsule; afferent arteriole 
A) glomerulus; podocytes 
B) afferent arteriole; vasa recta 
C) glomerulus; parietal layer of glomerular capsule 
D) glomerular capsule; afferent arteriole

Exam 30: Physiology of the Urinary System

Of these four events, which would occur first in urine formation?

What is the dialysis tubing simulating when demonstrating the function of the nephron?

Which is not a function of the kidneys?

Why can't a plasma protein move through the dialysis tubing of the simulated filtration membrane?

Explain why excess proteins in the urine of a pregnant woman are an indication of preeclampsia.

Substance Y is not present in the urine; however, it was originally filtered through the glomerulus. How is this possible?

Explain why filtration is a passive process in the renal corpuscle.

-Identify the structure labeled "g."

In a simulation of the filtration membrane, which substance should be able to pass through the dialysis tubing?

Which structure surrounds the proximal and distal tubules?

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is composed of ________.

Explain the structural and functional significance of the location of the juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Why is filtration a passive process?

Substance X was isolated in a urine sample, but it is too big to pass through the glomerular filtration membrane. How is this possible?

In which part of the renal tubule does aldosterone primarily target?

When demonstrating the function of the filtration membrane in a lab activity, what is used to test for various substances in the urine filtrate?

Which substance should be found in urine?

Reabsorption and active transport occur in the convoluted tubules of the nephron, whereas filtration occurs in the glomerular capsule of the renal corpuscle. Predict what cellular structure will be more abundant in tubule cells as compared to capsule cells.

What can a urinalysis test tell a health practitioner about a patient?

The filtration membrane is created by the ________ and ________.

Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Introduction to the Organ Systems

Chemistry

The Microscope

The Cell

Histology

The Integumentary System

Introduction to the Skeletal System

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Introduction to the Muscular System: Muscle Tissue

Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System

Introduction to the Nervous System

The Central Nervous System: Brain and Spinal Cord

The Peripheral Nervous System: Nerves and Autonomic Nervous System

General and Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

Anatomy of the Heart

Physiology of the Heart

Anatomy of Blood Vessels

Circulatory Pathways and the Physiology of Blood Vessels

The Lymphatic System

Anatomy of the Respiratory System

Physiology of the Respiratory System

Anatomy of the Digestive System

Physiology of the Digestive System

Anatomy of the Urinary System

Reproductive and Development

Filters

The filtration membrane is created by the and .