Question 1

The chimpanzee in Kohler's insight experiment _____.

Accepted Answer

A) used trial and error to reach a banana placed just out of reach 
B) turned its back on the banana out of frustration 
C) sat for a while, then used two sticks to bring the fruit within reach 
D) gradually solved the problem by trying all possible solutions 
A) used trial and error to reach a banana placed just out of reach 
B) turned its back on the banana out of frustration 
C) sat for a while, then used two sticks to bring the fruit within reach 
D) gradually solved the problem by trying all possible solutions

Question 2

The BEST motto for the timing of reinforcement or punishment is _____.

Accepted Answer

A) Spare the rod and spoil the child 
B) Haste makes waste. 
C) The sooner (or immediate)the better. 
D) A stitch in time saves nine. 
A) Spare the rod and spoil the child 
B) Haste makes waste. 
C) The sooner (or immediate)the better. 
D) A stitch in time saves nine.

Question 3

Which of the following is an appropriate description of extinction in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) It is the spreading of a CR to stimuli that are only similar to the CS. 
B) It is the application of an undesirable or aversive stimulus in response to an inappropriate behavior. 
C) It is a weakening of the association between the CS and the UCS. 
D) It is the disappearance of a desired response when reinforcements are withdrawn. 
A) It is the spreading of a CR to stimuli that are only similar to the CS. 
B) It is the application of an undesirable or aversive stimulus in response to an inappropriate behavior. 
C) It is a weakening of the association between the CS and the UCS. 
D) It is the disappearance of a desired response when reinforcements are withdrawn.

Question 4

Young Matthew is a very fussy eater.He only willingly eats yogurt, cheese sticks, chicken nuggets, and sweets.Tonight at dinner he watched his big brother Jonah eat a plate of lasagna, smile, and talk about how yummy it was.Matthew then had a small taste of the pasta dish and exclaimed that he loved it.In this example, Jonah has served as a(n)________ for Matthew.

Accepted Answer

A) model 
B) exemplar 
C) prototype 
D) cognitive map 
A) model 
B) exemplar 
C) prototype 
D) cognitive map

Question 5

Two-year-old Rumiko started whining at the grocery store.The best way for her parents to extinguish this behavior is to praise her _____ when she is NOT whining at the store and _____.

Accepted Answer

A) consistently; leave the store every time she whines 
B) most of the time; leave the store every other time she whines 
C) some of the time; leave the store when they are done shopping 
D) none of these options; they should stop taking her to the store 
A) consistently; leave the store every time she whines 
B) most of the time; leave the store every other time she whines 
C) some of the time; leave the store when they are done shopping 
D) none of these options; they should stop taking her to the store

Question 6

This is a theory of learning that emphasizes the role of thought and social learning in behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) Operant conditioning 
B) Cognitive social learning theory 
C) Classical conditioning 
D) Instinctive drift 
A) Operant conditioning 
B) Cognitive social learning theory 
C) Classical conditioning 
D) Instinctive drift

Question 7

Biological preparedness suggests that we would be MOST likely to develop a classically conditioned aversion to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) snakes 
B) flowers 
C) cats and dogs 
D) sugar 
A) snakes 
B) flowers 
C) cats and dogs 
D) sugar

Question 8

For most nonhuman organisms, offering food after a desired response will usually serve as a _____ reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A) negative and secondary 
B) positive and secondary 
C) negative and primary 
D) positive and primary 
A) negative and secondary 
B) positive and secondary 
C) negative and primary 
D) positive and primary

Question 9

Secondary reinforcers increase the probability of a response, and _____.

Accepted Answer

A) are based on prior learning of their reinforcing properties, not a biological need 
B) are less reinforcing than primary reinforcers 
C) lose their reinforcing value over time 
D) occur reflexively in response to an external stimulus 
A) are based on prior learning of their reinforcing properties, not a biological need 
B) are less reinforcing than primary reinforcers 
C) lose their reinforcing value over time 
D) occur reflexively in response to an external stimulus

Question 10

Any event that elicits an unconditioned response without previous conditioning is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) instinctive response. 
B) unconditioned stimulus. 
C) operant stimulus. 
D) contingency. 
A) instinctive response. 
B) unconditioned stimulus. 
C) operant stimulus. 
D) contingency.

Question 11

A classically conditioned negative reaction to a particular taste that has been associated with nausea or other illness is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

A) gustatory discriminant response 
B) conditioned taste aversion 
C) negative taste response 
D) taste contingency 
A) gustatory discriminant response 
B) conditioned taste aversion 
C) negative taste response 
D) taste contingency

Question 12

A(n)_____ is an unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs without any previous conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A) conditioned response 
B) neutral response 
C) unconditioned response 
D) classical response 
A) conditioned response 
B) neutral response 
C) unconditioned response 
D) classical response

Question 13

The sudden understanding or realization of how a problem can be solved is called a(n)_____.

Accepted Answer

A) idea 
B) inspiration 
C) insight 
D) cognitive awakening 
A) idea 
B) inspiration 
C) insight 
D) cognitive awakening

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of stimulus discrimination in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) Hank thinks all elderly drivers are slow and leave their blinkers on. 
B) Sung-lee believes that everyone should wear seat belts because she was hurt in an accident when she wasn't wearing one. 
C) After an accident with a red car last month, Giorgio gets nervous when he sees a red car, but not when he sees a red truck or van. 
D) Phoung is an aggressive driver, but stops for red lights because she got a ticket for running one several months ago. 
A) Hank thinks all elderly drivers are slow and leave their blinkers on. 
B) Sung-lee believes that everyone should wear seat belts because she was hurt in an accident when she wasn't wearing one. 
C) After an accident with a red car last month, Giorgio gets nervous when he sees a red car, but not when he sees a red truck or van. 
D) Phoung is an aggressive driver, but stops for red lights because she got a ticket for running one several months ago.

Question 15

The phase during which a neutral stimulus becomes linked to an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response is called

Accepted Answer

A) acquisition. 
B) shaping. 
C) latency. 
D) initiation. 
A) acquisition. 
B) shaping. 
C) latency. 
D) initiation.

Question 16

Dan and Jenny spank Nolan when he pulls the dog's tail.They are using _____ to teach Nolan not to pull the dog's tail.

Accepted Answer

A) negative punishment 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) positive punishment 
D) positive reinforcement 
A) negative punishment 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) positive punishment 
D) positive reinforcement

Question 17

You clap with delight when your young son picks up a spoon.You laugh and applaud when he later brings the spoon toward his mouth.When he places the spoon in his mouth you hug and kiss him all over.It is MOST likely that you _____.

Accepted Answer

A) are using a fixed interval schedule 
B) are using a fixed ratio schedule 
C) are using classical conditioning 
D) are using shaping to teach your son to eat with spoon 
A) are using a fixed interval schedule 
B) are using a fixed ratio schedule 
C) are using classical conditioning 
D) are using shaping to teach your son to eat with spoon

Question 18

Mark and Kathy take their 2-year-old son to the supermarket every Saturday.Each week, the same sequence of events unfolds: Their son screams, demanding that they buy him treats.Although they refuse to give in to his demands, he continues to scream.Finally, either Mark or Kathy gets in their son's face and yells at the top of their lungs "Shut up!" He stops screaming instantly.What operant conditioning concepts are illustrated in this story?

Accepted Answer

A) The parents are using negative reinforcement to increase their son's screaming. 
B) The parents are in a very dysfunctional marriage; their child's screaming is his way of trying to get his parents to remain married. 
C) The parents are using punishment to suppress the screaming. 
D) Their son probably learned how to scream by observing his parents at home, and now he is reinforced on a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement. 
A) The parents are using negative reinforcement to increase their son's screaming. 
B) The parents are in a very dysfunctional marriage; their child's screaming is his way of trying to get his parents to remain married. 
C) The parents are using punishment to suppress the screaming. 
D) Their son probably learned how to scream by observing his parents at home, and now he is reinforced on a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement.

Question 19

Feedback should _____ to increase the effectiveness of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A) be given by an appropriate role model 
B) be immediate, consistent, and clear 
C) be classically administered 
D) always follow a partial schedule of reinforcement 
A) be given by an appropriate role model 
B) be immediate, consistent, and clear 
C) be classically administered 
D) always follow a partial schedule of reinforcement

Question 20

A child learns that whenever he eats all his dinner he gets a cookie for dessert.This type of learning is BEST explained by _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning 
B) operant conditioning 
C) biofeedback theory 
D) social learning theory 
A) classical conditioning 
B) operant conditioning 
C) biofeedback theory 
D) social learning theory

The chimpanzee in Kohler's insight experiment _____.

The BEST motto for the timing of reinforcement or punishment is _____.

Which of the following is an appropriate description of extinction in classical conditioning?

Two-year-old Rumiko started whining at the grocery store.The best way for her parents to extinguish this behavior is to praise her _ when she is NOT whining at the store and _.

This is a theory of learning that emphasizes the role of thought and social learning in behavior.

Biological preparedness suggests that we would be MOST likely to develop a classically conditioned aversion to _____.

For most nonhuman organisms, offering food after a desired response will usually serve as a _____ reinforcer.

Secondary reinforcers increase the probability of a response, and _____.

Any event that elicits an unconditioned response without previous conditioning is a(n)

A classically conditioned negative reaction to a particular taste that has been associated with nausea or other illness is known as _____.

A(n)_____ is an unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs without any previous conditioning.

The sudden understanding or realization of how a problem can be solved is called a(n)_____.

Which of the following is an example of stimulus discrimination in classical conditioning?

The phase during which a neutral stimulus becomes linked to an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response is called

Dan and Jenny spank Nolan when he pulls the dog's tail.They are using _____ to teach Nolan not to pull the dog's tail.

You clap with delight when your young son picks up a spoon.You laugh and applaud when he later brings the spoon toward his mouth.When he places the spoon in his mouth you hug and kiss him all over.It is MOST likely that you _____.

Feedback should _____ to increase the effectiveness of reinforcement.

A child learns that whenever he eats all his dinner he gets a cookie for dessert.This type of learning is BEST explained by _______________.

Introduction and Research Methods

Neuroscience and Biological Foundations

Stress and Health Psychology

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Life Span Development I

Life Span Development II

Gender and Human Sexuality

Motivation and Emotion

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Therapy

Social Psychology

Industrialorganizational Psychology

Psychology at Work in the Global Economy

Filters

Exam 6: Learning

The chimpanzee in Kohler's insight experiment _____.

The BEST motto for the timing of reinforcement or punishment is _____.

Which of the following is an appropriate description of extinction in classical conditioning?

Two-year-old Rumiko started whining at the grocery store.The best way for her parents to extinguish this behavior is to praise her _____ when she is NOT whining at the store and _____.

This is a theory of learning that emphasizes the role of thought and social learning in behavior.

Biological preparedness suggests that we would be MOST likely to develop a classically conditioned aversion to _____.

For most nonhuman organisms, offering food after a desired response will usually serve as a _____ reinforcer.

Secondary reinforcers increase the probability of a response, and _____.

Any event that elicits an unconditioned response without previous conditioning is a(n)

A classically conditioned negative reaction to a particular taste that has been associated with nausea or other illness is known as _____.

A(n)_____ is an unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs without any previous conditioning.

The sudden understanding or realization of how a problem can be solved is called a(n)_____.

Which of the following is an example of stimulus discrimination in classical conditioning?

The phase during which a neutral stimulus becomes linked to an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response is called

Dan and Jenny spank Nolan when he pulls the dog's tail.They are using _____ to teach Nolan not to pull the dog's tail.

You clap with delight when your young son picks up a spoon.You laugh and applaud when he later brings the spoon toward his mouth.When he places the spoon in his mouth you hug and kiss him all over.It is MOST likely that you _____.

Feedback should _____ to increase the effectiveness of reinforcement.

A child learns that whenever he eats all his dinner he gets a cookie for dessert.This type of learning is BEST explained by _______________.

Introduction and Research Methods

Neuroscience and Biological Foundations

Stress and Health Psychology

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Life Span Development I

Life Span Development II

Gender and Human Sexuality

Motivation and Emotion

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Therapy

Social Psychology

Industrialorganizational Psychology

Psychology at Work in the Global Economy

Filters

Two-year-old Rumiko started whining at the grocery store.The best way for her parents to extinguish this behavior is to praise her _ when she is NOT whining at the store and _.