Question 1

Which of the following is an example of the use of classical conditioning in everyday life?

Accepted Answer

A) Treating alcoholism with a drug that causes nausea when alcohol is consumed. 
B) Giving people a free gift when they purchase make-up in a department store. 
C) Teaching people how to solve a problem but making them wait to try the new skill until a later time. 
D) Spanking a child for using foul language in the home. 
A) Treating alcoholism with a drug that causes nausea when alcohol is consumed. 
B) Giving people a free gift when they purchase make-up in a department store. 
C) Teaching people how to solve a problem but making them wait to try the new skill until a later time. 
D) Spanking a child for using foul language in the home.

Question 2

A program that designates the rate or interval at which a response is reinforced is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A) a schedule of reinforcement 
B) a reinforcement calendar 
C) a reinforcement timetable 
D) higher-order conditioning 
A) a schedule of reinforcement 
B) a reinforcement calendar 
C) a reinforcement timetable 
D) higher-order conditioning

Question 3

Reinforcement and punishment are defined in terms of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) intrinsic and extrinsic motives 
B) whether they cause pleasure and pain 
C) adaptive significance 
D) whether they increase or decrease responses that follow behaviors 
A) intrinsic and extrinsic motives 
B) whether they cause pleasure and pain 
C) adaptive significance 
D) whether they increase or decrease responses that follow behaviors

Question 4

A conditioned emotional response is an emotion that is

Accepted Answer

A) operant conditioned. 
B) evoked by a previously neutral stimulus. 
C) repeatedly rewarded. 
D) evoked by an unconditional stimulus. 
A) operant conditioned. 
B) evoked by a previously neutral stimulus. 
C) repeatedly rewarded. 
D) evoked by an unconditional stimulus.

Question 5

The BEST method parents can use to get their children to do their chores is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) punish them if they refuse 
B) reward them before they do the chores 
C) reward them after they do the chores 
D) do the chores for them at first, so they can observe a model 
A) punish them if they refuse 
B) reward them before they do the chores 
C) reward them after they do the chores 
D) do the chores for them at first, so they can observe a model

Question 6

When you learn something by imitating the behavior of other people, these people are _____.

Accepted Answer

A) preventing you from developing your independence 
B) modeling actions 
C) helping you to cheat 
D) positively reinforcing you 
A) preventing you from developing your independence 
B) modeling actions 
C) helping you to cheat 
D) positively reinforcing you

Question 7

Research suggests that media coverage of empathetic, prosocial behavior _____.

Accepted Answer

A) is correlated but not causally linked with performing prosocial behavior 
B) is correlated and causally linked to performing prosocial behavior 
C) has nothing to do with "copy-cat" prosocial behavior 
D) is only influential for people with a genetic predisposition for performing prosocial behavior 
A) is correlated but not causally linked with performing prosocial behavior 
B) is correlated and causally linked to performing prosocial behavior 
C) has nothing to do with "copy-cat" prosocial behavior 
D) is only influential for people with a genetic predisposition for performing prosocial behavior

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT required for you to learn by observation?

Accepted Answer

A) You must pay attention to the model. 
B) You must note and remember what you saw. 
C) You must be able (e.g., physically or developmentally)to reproduce what you observed. 
D) The model must match you in age, gender, and other characteristics. 
A) You must pay attention to the model. 
B) You must note and remember what you saw. 
C) You must be able (e.g., physically or developmentally)to reproduce what you observed. 
D) The model must match you in age, gender, and other characteristics.

Question 9

The reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a period of time without exposure to the CS is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A) latent learning 
B) immediate recall 
C) spontaneous recovery 
D) a cognitive map 
A) latent learning 
B) immediate recall 
C) spontaneous recovery 
D) a cognitive map

Question 10

When the CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the US (food, in this case), the CR will "die out" in a process called ______________.

Accepted Answer

A) CR fading 
B) extinction 
C) habituation 
D) generalization fading 
A) CR fading 
B) extinction 
C) habituation 
D) generalization fading

Question 11

When reinforcement follows a predetermined number of responses, it is a _____ schedule of reinforcement, compared to a _____ schedule in which reinforcement follows the first response after a predetermined period of time has elapsed.

Accepted Answer

A) fixed ratio; fixed interval 
B) variable ratio; fixed interval 
C) fixed interval; fixed ratio 
D) partial; continuous 
A) fixed ratio; fixed interval 
B) variable ratio; fixed interval 
C) fixed interval; fixed ratio 
D) partial; continuous

Question 12

John Michael suffers from alcoholism, and he cannot seem to stop drinking.He goes to a hospital and they give him a nausea-producing drug (emetic)after he gargles with alcohol.As a result of this treatment, John will probably

Accepted Answer

A) vomit due to the emetic and then "pair" the emetic with alcohol 
B) vomit caused by the emetic and then continue to drink alcohol 
C) develop an addiction to the emetic 
D) get a sore throat due to the alcohol 
A) vomit due to the emetic and then "pair" the emetic with alcohol 
B) vomit caused by the emetic and then continue to drink alcohol 
C) develop an addiction to the emetic 
D) get a sore throat due to the alcohol

Question 13

A schedule of reinforcement that presents a reinforcer if the behavior occurs in an unpredictable timeframe (e.g., the time before reinforcement varies)is called a _____ schedule, and is best for producing slow and steady responses.

Accepted Answer

A) Mixed interval 
B) Variable interval 
C) Rotating interval 
D) Variable ratio 
A) Mixed interval 
B) Variable interval 
C) Rotating interval 
D) Variable ratio

Question 14

Which of the following is CORRECTLY matched?

Accepted Answer

A) Pavlov: operant conditioning 
B) Thorndike: classical conditioning 
C) Skinner: reinforcement 
D) Garcia; conditioned emotional response 
A) Pavlov: operant conditioning 
B) Thorndike: classical conditioning 
C) Skinner: reinforcement 
D) Garcia; conditioned emotional response

Question 15

Adding a stimulus that strengthens or increases a response is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement 
B) positive conditioning 
C) stimulus discrimination 
D) negative punishment 
A) positive reinforcement 
B) positive conditioning 
C) stimulus discrimination 
D) negative punishment

Question 16

From an evolutionary perspective, _____ is an adaptation that enables us to survive and prosper in a constantly changing world.

Accepted Answer

A) optimism 
B) learning 
C) pessimism 
D) hope 
A) optimism 
B) learning 
C) pessimism 
D) hope

Question 17

Primary reinforcers

Accepted Answer

A) must be presented before the response occurs. 
B) usually satisfy a biological need. 
C) must be learned over repeated experiences. 
D) are ineffective at changing behaviors. 
A) must be presented before the response occurs. 
B) usually satisfy a biological need. 
C) must be learned over repeated experiences. 
D) are ineffective at changing behaviors.

Question 18

You have been to the grocery store with your parents many times on weekly shopping trips, but never really paid a lot of attention to the location of specific items.Today your father asked you to go get a bag of sugar, and you knew immediately how to get to the aisle with baking products.This internal representation the layout of the store is called a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive schema 
B) primary reinforcer 
C) cognitive map 
D) insight solution 
A) cognitive schema 
B) primary reinforcer 
C) cognitive map 
D) insight solution

Question 19

Taking away or removing a stimulus that strengthens or increases a response is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A) negative punishment 
B) primary punishment 
C) negative reinforcement 
D) positive reinforcement 
A) negative punishment 
B) primary punishment 
C) negative reinforcement 
D) positive reinforcement

Question 20

The occurrence of a learned response only to a specific stimulus and not to other, similar stimuli is called stimulus

Accepted Answer

A) generalization. 
B) recovery. 
C) differentiation. 
D) discrimination. 
A) generalization. 
B) recovery. 
C) differentiation. 
D) discrimination.

Which of the following is an example of the use of classical conditioning in everyday life?

A program that designates the rate or interval at which a response is reinforced is called _____.

Reinforcement and punishment are defined in terms of _____.

A conditioned emotional response is an emotion that is

The BEST method parents can use to get their children to do their chores is to _____.

When you learn something by imitating the behavior of other people, these people are _____.

Research suggests that media coverage of empathetic, prosocial behavior _____.

Which of the following is NOT required for you to learn by observation?

The reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a period of time without exposure to the CS is called _____.

When the CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the US (food, in this case), the CR will "die out" in a process called ______________.

When reinforcement follows a predetermined number of responses, it is a _ schedule of reinforcement, compared to a _ schedule in which reinforcement follows the first response after a predetermined period of time has elapsed.

John Michael suffers from alcoholism, and he cannot seem to stop drinking.He goes to a hospital and they give him a nausea-producing drug (emetic)after he gargles with alcohol.As a result of this treatment, John will probably

A schedule of reinforcement that presents a reinforcer if the behavior occurs in an unpredictable timeframe (e.g., the time before reinforcement varies)is called a _____ schedule, and is best for producing slow and steady responses.

Which of the following is CORRECTLY matched?

Adding a stimulus that strengthens or increases a response is called _____.

From an evolutionary perspective, _____ is an adaptation that enables us to survive and prosper in a constantly changing world.

Primary reinforcers

Taking away or removing a stimulus that strengthens or increases a response is called _____.

The occurrence of a learned response only to a specific stimulus and not to other, similar stimuli is called stimulus

Introduction and Research Methods

Neuroscience and Biological Foundations

Stress and Health Psychology

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Life Span Development I

Life Span Development II

Gender and Human Sexuality

Motivation and Emotion

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Therapy

Social Psychology

Industrialorganizational Psychology

Psychology at Work in the Global Economy

Filters

Exam 6: Learning

Which of the following is an example of the use of classical conditioning in everyday life?

A program that designates the rate or interval at which a response is reinforced is called _____.

Reinforcement and punishment are defined in terms of _____.

A conditioned emotional response is an emotion that is

The BEST method parents can use to get their children to do their chores is to _____.

When you learn something by imitating the behavior of other people, these people are _____.

Research suggests that media coverage of empathetic, prosocial behavior _____.

Which of the following is NOT required for you to learn by observation?

The reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a period of time without exposure to the CS is called _____.

When the CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the US (food, in this case), the CR will "die out" in a process called ______________.

When reinforcement follows a predetermined number of responses, it is a _____ schedule of reinforcement, compared to a _____ schedule in which reinforcement follows the first response after a predetermined period of time has elapsed.

John Michael suffers from alcoholism, and he cannot seem to stop drinking.He goes to a hospital and they give him a nausea-producing drug (emetic)after he gargles with alcohol.As a result of this treatment, John will probably

A schedule of reinforcement that presents a reinforcer if the behavior occurs in an unpredictable timeframe (e.g., the time before reinforcement varies)is called a _____ schedule, and is best for producing slow and steady responses.

Which of the following is CORRECTLY matched?

Adding a stimulus that strengthens or increases a response is called _____.

From an evolutionary perspective, _____ is an adaptation that enables us to survive and prosper in a constantly changing world.

Primary reinforcers

Taking away or removing a stimulus that strengthens or increases a response is called _____.

The occurrence of a learned response only to a specific stimulus and not to other, similar stimuli is called stimulus

Introduction and Research Methods

Neuroscience and Biological Foundations

Stress and Health Psychology

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Life Span Development I

Life Span Development II

Gender and Human Sexuality

Motivation and Emotion

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Therapy

Social Psychology

Industrialorganizational Psychology

Psychology at Work in the Global Economy

Filters

When reinforcement follows a predetermined number of responses, it is a _ schedule of reinforcement, compared to a _ schedule in which reinforcement follows the first response after a predetermined period of time has elapsed.