Exam 15: Urbanization, population, and the Environment

What is the difference between a "crude" and a "specific" rate (e.g. ,birthrate,deathrate)?

According to sociologists who use _____,cities tend to develop in response to advantageous features of the environment.For example,cities develop on the shores of rivers,on fertile plains,and at intersections on trade routes.

Britain was the first country to undergo industrialization,which generated ______,the movement of population from the countryside into towns and cities.

Ancient cities were considered the main centers for science,the arts,and cosmopolitan culture.Their influence on surrounding areas was

Why is rural America on the decline? Outline at least one problem facing rural America today in a few sentences.

In October 2011,the world population reached

Jonah grew up in a neighborhood with poor schools,few businesses,and many run-down and abandoned buildings.However,in the past few years,the city has renovated many buildings,and tax breaks are encouraging new businesses to move into the city.This process is called

In your opinion,which Chicago School approach to urban studies-urban ecology or urbanism-is more convincing to you,and why? Explain your answer in three to five sentences.

Rural areas in the United States have seen their populations decline because of

According to David Harvey,cities as well as suburbs can be understood as _____ humans established to serve their needs.

What is the primary outcome of the second stage in the demographic transition?

Several distinct central cities and counties,including Los Angeles,Orange County,Riverside,and San Bernardino,merge together to form the Greater Los Angeles Area,creating a continuous network known as

In 2014,women of childbearing age in Afghanistan had an average of 4.8 live-born children per one thousand women of childbearing age.This number is known as

According to demographic transition theory,birth rates and death rates remain high in which stage?

What explains the phenomenon of "aging in place" in rural areas?

When Jorge first moved to Chicago from his small,rural town in California,he found it hard to meet new people.Back home in his small town,people often said hello to each other on the street,and he knew the names of most of the people who lived there.However,in Chicago people rarely made eye contact with him on the street.According to Louis Wirth,Jorge was experiencing

The inner cities in the United States have decayed in the past fifty years.What reasons do sociologists give for this decline?

According to Elijah Anderson,what happened to the poor residents in the Philadelphia neighborhood he studied that became gentrified?

Fertility rates are often much lower than fecundity rates because

Thomas Malthus was one of the first scholars to show concern for population growth. Demographers,economists,politicians,sociologists,and others have continued to debate Malthus's ideas for more than two hundred years,but many do not share his concern for the natural limits to population growth.Which of the following modern advances challenged Malthus's predictions?