Exam 6: Arrests and Use of Force

In order to conduct a consent search of a person, an officer must have I. probable cause to believe the suspect has seizable items on his person. II. a valid warrant. III. reasonable suspicion to make a stop. IV. voluntary consent to search.

If the police come across containers and believe that the containers contain evidence of crime: I. they can briefly detain the containers to prevent their loss or destruction. II. they can search them without a warrant or probable cause. III. they may seize and search containers when they have probable cause to believe the containers in vehicles contain evidence of crime. IV. they cannot seize or search a closed opaque container without a search warrant.

In Knowles v. Iowa, concerning an instance where a driver had been given a citation for speeding but had not been arrested, the Supreme Court:

The vehicle exception to the warrant requirement is based upon: I. the inherent mobility of the vehicle. II. the impracticality of impounding the vehicle and getting a warrant. III. convenience of the police. IV. the reduced expectation of privacy in vehicles.

According to the empirical research about consent searches:

Concerning the scope of consent searches: I. consent searches are unreasonable if they exceed the scope of the consent. II. consent searches are unreasonable if they exceed the apparent authority of the person giving the consent. III. the test to determine the reasonableness of a consent search is based on the totality of the circumstances. IV. the test to determine the reasonableness of a consent search is whether the officers reasonably believe that the search is within the scope of consent obtained.

The area of arrested persons themselves and the area under their immediate control is called the ______________.

Give examples of who can consent to a search for someone else. Explain the difference between actual and apparent authority to consent for another person.

Police ordinarily seek consent to search:

Most searches take place pursuant to warrants.

When a suspect is arrested in a car or other vehicle, police as part of the search incident to the arrest may search the vehicle's trunk

The three countervailing law enforcement interests against "no-knock" entry requirements identified by Justice Thomas in Wilson v. Arkansas include: I. safety of officers. II. safety of occupants. III. escape of prisoner. IV. destruction of evidence.

A test in which the totality of circumstances is used to determine whether a consent to search was obtained without coercion, deception or promises is the ______________ test.

The scope of a search incident to arrest includes the entire place where the suspect is arrested.

Under the holding in Chimel v. California (1969), a leading Supreme Court case on searches incident to arrest, the police must limit a thorough search incident to arrest to:

A search warrant must specifically identify "the things to be seized." This particularity requirement may not be met by specifying an entire class of items.

The knock-and-announce rule's origins come from English common law.

According to the waiver test of consent:

What's the rule regarding searches incident to arrests for minor offenses? Describe how and why the U.S. Supreme Court created and applied the rule in U.S. v. Robinson.

Concerning third party consent to search, in which of the following situations can one person consent to a search for the other person?