Question 1

The hypothesized mechanism that provides a balance between an infant's need for safety and desire for learning experiences is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  autonomy. 
B)  attachment. 
C)  secure base. 
D)  disattachment. 
A)  autonomy. 
B)  attachment. 
C)  secure base. 
D)  disattachment. B

Question 2

Wayne's mother has left him alone with an unfamiliar caregiver. Wayne seems perfectly content and does not become upset. What phase of attachment is Wayne likely in?

Accepted Answer

A)  the preattachment phase 
B)  the attachment-in-the-making phase 
C)  the clear-cut attachment phase 
D)  the reciprocal relationship phase 
A)  the preattachment phase 
B)  the attachment-in-the-making phase 
C)  the clear-cut attachment phase 
D)  the reciprocal relationship phase A

Question 3

In avoidant attachment, as measured in the "strange situation":

Accepted Answer

A)  infants cry when their mothers leave the room and seek them out for comfort when they return. 
B)  infants appear anxious in their mother's presence and are more relaxed and playful when their mothers leave the room. 
C)  infants may or may not cry when their mothers leave the room, and do not seek them out for comfort when they return. 
D)  infants become upset when their mothers leave the room, but alternately seek and pull away from them when they return. 
A)  infants cry when their mothers leave the room and seek them out for comfort when they return. 
B)  infants appear anxious in their mother's presence and are more relaxed and playful when their mothers leave the room. 
C)  infants may or may not cry when their mothers leave the room, and do not seek them out for comfort when they return. 
D)  infants become upset when their mothers leave the room, but alternately seek and pull away from them when they return. C

Question 4

Which of the following BEST supports Bowlby's belief that attachment is a highly evolved system of regulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Baby monkeys showed a distinct preference for cloth-covered substitute mothers over wire substitute mothers. 
B)  Monkeys that developed attachment relationships with cloth-covered substitute mothers found comfort in the substitute but did not form normal relationships with other monkeys later in life. 
C)  Harlow concluded from his studies that "these results attest to the importance-possibly overwhelming importance-of bodily contact and the immediate comfort it supplies in forming the infant's attachment for its mother." 
D)  Monkeys demonstrated attachment to their cloth-covered mother after separations of up to a year. 
A)  Baby monkeys showed a distinct preference for cloth-covered substitute mothers over wire substitute mothers. 
B)  Monkeys that developed attachment relationships with cloth-covered substitute mothers found comfort in the substitute but did not form normal relationships with other monkeys later in life. 
C)  Harlow concluded from his studies that "these results attest to the importance-possibly overwhelming importance-of bodily contact and the immediate comfort it supplies in forming the infant's attachment for its mother." 
D)  Monkeys demonstrated attachment to their cloth-covered mother after separations of up to a year.

Question 5

An approach that emphasizes the universal aspects of human behavior and development is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  etic approach. 
B)  emic approach. 
C)  differential emotions theory. 
D)  ontogenetic adaptation. 
A)  etic approach. 
B)  emic approach. 
C)  differential emotions theory. 
D)  ontogenetic adaptation.

Question 6

Psychologists are uninterested in the physiological aspects of emotional experience.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Specialized brain cells that fire when an individual sees or hears another perform an action are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  mirror neurons. 
B)  facial neurons. 
C)  internal neurons. 
D)  reflective neurons. 
A)  mirror neurons. 
B)  facial neurons. 
C)  internal neurons. 
D)  reflective neurons.

Question 8

Children will use the information from their mirror images to rub spots of rouge off their noses, but not until about the age of:

Accepted Answer

A)  3 months. 
B)  9 months. 
C)  18 months. 
D)  36 months. 
A)  3 months. 
B)  9 months. 
C)  18 months. 
D)  36 months.

Question 9

Which theory of attachment did Harlow's monkey studies help to rule out?

Accepted Answer

A)  the social theory 
B)  the evolutionary theory 
C)  the drive-reduction theory 
D)  the behavioral-learning theory 
A)  the social theory 
B)  the evolutionary theory 
C)  the drive-reduction theory 
D)  the behavioral-learning theory

Question 10

A child's internal working model based on his or her early attachment to a caregiver:

Accepted Answer

A)  may impact brain development in ways that affect behavior in adulthood. 
B)  is continuous throughout life. 
C)  will not change even if it does not allow him to function effectively with others. 
D)  does not depend on the outcomes of everyday transactions after the first year of life. 
A)  may impact brain development in ways that affect behavior in adulthood. 
B)  is continuous throughout life. 
C)  will not change even if it does not allow him to function effectively with others. 
D)  does not depend on the outcomes of everyday transactions after the first year of life.

Question 11

Emotions involve:

Accepted Answer

A)  physiological reactions. 
B)  cognitive evaluations. 
C)  both physiological reactions and cognitive evaluations. 
D)  neither physiological reactions nor cognitive evaluations. 
A)  physiological reactions. 
B)  cognitive evaluations. 
C)  both physiological reactions and cognitive evaluations. 
D)  neither physiological reactions nor cognitive evaluations.

Question 12

Emotions such as embarrassment, pride, and shame are called "self-conscious emotions" because they:

Accepted Answer

A)  are less important than the primary emotions of happiness and sadness. 
B)  are shown less frequently than the primary emotions of happiness and sadness in late infancy. 
C)  depend on children's newly-acquired abilities to see other persons as stable aspects of the social environment. 
D)  depend on children's newly-acquired abilities to recognize, talk about, and think about themselves in relation to other people. 
A)  are less important than the primary emotions of happiness and sadness. 
B)  are shown less frequently than the primary emotions of happiness and sadness in late infancy. 
C)  depend on children's newly-acquired abilities to see other persons as stable aspects of the social environment. 
D)  depend on children's newly-acquired abilities to recognize, talk about, and think about themselves in relation to other people.

Question 13

Ainsworth and her colleagues identified four primary attachment statuses. Which of the following is one of these types?

Accepted Answer

A)  unpredictable 
B)  controversial 
C)  healthy 
D)  avoidant 
A)  unpredictable 
B)  controversial 
C)  healthy 
D)  avoidant

Question 14

Nancy covers her eyes with her hands when the wicked witch appears on her television screen. What type of behavior is Nancy engaging in?

Accepted Answer

A)  emotion regulation 
B)  emotion differentiation 
C)  emotion adaptation 
D)  primary intersubjectivity 
A)  emotion regulation 
B)  emotion differentiation 
C)  emotion adaptation 
D)  primary intersubjectivity

Question 15

At four weeks of age, infants begin to smile in response to social stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Children rated as falling into the ____________ category of attachment are indifferent to the presence of their mother in the "strange situation," while children in the ____________ category stay close to their mother and appear anxious even when she is near.

Accepted Answer

A)  resistant; avoidant 
B)  avoidant; resistant 
C)  disorganized; avoidant 
D)  disorganized; securely attached 
A)  resistant; avoidant 
B)  avoidant; resistant 
C)  disorganized; avoidant 
D)  disorganized; securely attached

Question 17

When does secondary intersubjectivity generally emerge?

Accepted Answer

A)  between 2 and 3 months of age 
B)  between 5 and 6 months of age 
C)  between 7 and 9 months of age 
D)  between 9 and 12 months of age 
A)  between 2 and 3 months of age 
B)  between 5 and 6 months of age 
C)  between 7 and 9 months of age 
D)  between 9 and 12 months of age

Question 18

In the "strange situation," ____________ children tend to be upset, even in their mother's presence.

Accepted Answer

A)  detached 
B)  resistant 
C)  avoidant 
D)  securely attached 
A)  detached 
B)  resistant 
C)  avoidant 
D)  securely attached

Question 19

The distress that babies show when the person to whom they are attached leaves is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  stranger wariness. 
B)  drive reduction. 
C)  detachment. 
D)  separation anxiety. 
A)  stranger wariness. 
B)  drive reduction. 
C)  detachment. 
D)  separation anxiety.

Question 20

Erikson suggested that infants become attached to those:

Accepted Answer

A)  they trust. 
B)  who feed them. 
C)  who talk to them. 
D)  who give them opportunities to explore. 
A)  they trust. 
B)  who feed them. 
C)  who talk to them. 
D)  who give them opportunities to explore.

The hypothesized mechanism that provides a balance between an infant's need for safety and desire for learning experiences is called:

Wayne's mother has left him alone with an unfamiliar caregiver. Wayne seems perfectly content and does not become upset. What phase of attachment is Wayne likely in?

In avoidant attachment, as measured in the "strange situation":

Which of the following BEST supports Bowlby's belief that attachment is a highly evolved system of regulation?

An approach that emphasizes the universal aspects of human behavior and development is known as:

Psychologists are uninterested in the physiological aspects of emotional experience.

Specialized brain cells that fire when an individual sees or hears another perform an action are called:

Children will use the information from their mirror images to rub spots of rouge off their noses, but not until about the age of:

Which theory of attachment did Harlow's monkey studies help to rule out?

A child's internal working model based on his or her early attachment to a caregiver:

Emotions involve:

Emotions such as embarrassment, pride, and shame are called "self-conscious emotions" because they:

Ainsworth and her colleagues identified four primary attachment statuses. Which of the following is one of these types?

Nancy covers her eyes with her hands when the wicked witch appears on her television screen. What type of behavior is Nancy engaging in?

At four weeks of age, infants begin to smile in response to social stimuli.

Children rated as falling into the category of attachment are indifferent to the presence of their mother in the "strange situation," while children in the category stay close to their mother and appear anxious even when she is near.

When does secondary intersubjectivity generally emerge?

In the "strange situation," ____________ children tend to be upset, even in their mother's presence.

The distress that babies show when the person to whom they are attached leaves is called:

Erikson suggested that infants become attached to those:

The Study of Human Development

Biocultural Foundations

Prenatal Development and Birth

The First 3 Months

Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy

Language Acquisition

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood

Contexts of Development

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

School As Context for Development

Social and Emotional Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Social and Emotional Development in Adolescence

Filters

Exam 6: Social and Emotional Development in Infancy

The hypothesized mechanism that provides a balance between an infant's need for safety and desire for learning experiences is called:

Wayne's mother has left him alone with an unfamiliar caregiver. Wayne seems perfectly content and does not become upset. What phase of attachment is Wayne likely in?

In avoidant attachment, as measured in the "strange situation":

Which of the following BEST supports Bowlby's belief that attachment is a highly evolved system of regulation?

An approach that emphasizes the universal aspects of human behavior and development is known as:

Psychologists are uninterested in the physiological aspects of emotional experience.

Specialized brain cells that fire when an individual sees or hears another perform an action are called:

Children will use the information from their mirror images to rub spots of rouge off their noses, but not until about the age of:

Which theory of attachment did Harlow's monkey studies help to rule out?

A child's internal working model based on his or her early attachment to a caregiver:

Emotions involve:

Emotions such as embarrassment, pride, and shame are called "self-conscious emotions" because they:

Ainsworth and her colleagues identified four primary attachment statuses. Which of the following is one of these types?

Nancy covers her eyes with her hands when the wicked witch appears on her television screen. What type of behavior is Nancy engaging in?

At four weeks of age, infants begin to smile in response to social stimuli.

Children rated as falling into the ____________ category of attachment are indifferent to the presence of their mother in the "strange situation," while children in the ____________ category stay close to their mother and appear anxious even when she is near.

When does secondary intersubjectivity generally emerge?

In the "strange situation," ____________ children tend to be upset, even in their mother's presence.

The distress that babies show when the person to whom they are attached leaves is called:

Erikson suggested that infants become attached to those:

The Study of Human Development

Biocultural Foundations

Prenatal Development and Birth

The First 3 Months

Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy

Language Acquisition

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood

Contexts of Development

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

School As Context for Development

Social and Emotional Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Social and Emotional Development in Adolescence

Filters

Children rated as falling into the category of attachment are indifferent to the presence of their mother in the "strange situation," while children in the category stay close to their mother and appear anxious even when she is near.