Question 1

Describe the purpose of the IRB.

Accepted Answer

The purpose of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) is to protect the rights, welfare, and well-being of human subjects involved in research studies. The IRB is an ethically-based committee that has been formally designated to review, monitor, and approve biomedical and behavioral research involving humans. It acts as a safeguard to ensure that researchers follow ethical principles and comply with regulatory requirements.

Key functions of the IRB include:

1. Reviewing research protocols: The IRB examines the research design, methodology, and procedures to ensure they are ethical and that the risks to participants are minimized.

2. Assessing risk-benefit ratio: The IRB evaluates whether the potential benefits of the research justify the risks to which participants may be exposed.

3. Ensuring informed consent: The IRB ensures that participants are given comprehensive information about the study, understand what participation entails, and voluntarily consent to participate without coercion.

4. Protecting vulnerable populations: The IRB pays special attention to research involving vulnerable groups, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, or individuals with cognitive impairments, to ensure they are adequately protected.

5. Monitoring ongoing research: The IRB continues to oversee approved research projects, reviewing any proposed changes and investigating any issues or complaints that arise during the course of the study.

6. Ensuring privacy and confidentiality: The IRB ensures that researchers have plans in place to protect the privacy of participants and maintain the confidentiality of their data.

By fulfilling these responsibilities, the IRB helps to maintain ethical standards in research, promote trust in the research process, and contribute to the advancement of science in a manner that respects human dignity and rights.

Question 2

If you were a member of an IRB, would you find this experiment ethical as described? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

As a member of an Institutional Review Board (IRB), I would need more information about the specific details of the experiment in question in order to make an informed decision about its ethicality. The ethical considerations of any experiment are complex and multifaceted, and it is important to carefully evaluate the potential risks and benefits to participants, as well as the scientific and societal value of the research.

In general, an experiment would be considered ethical if it adheres to established ethical guidelines, such as those outlined in the Belmont Report, and if it has undergone a thorough review process by the IRB. This would involve ensuring that participants have given informed consent to participate, that any potential risks to participants have been minimized, and that the potential benefits of the research outweigh any potential harms.

Additionally, the experiment should also consider issues of justice, such as ensuring that the benefits and burdens of the research are distributed fairly among different groups in society. It is also important to consider the potential impact of the research on the broader community and to ensure that any findings are used in a responsible and ethical manner.

Without specific details about the experiment in question, it is difficult to make a definitive judgment about its ethicality. However, as a member of an IRB, I would carefully review all relevant information and consider these ethical principles in order to make a well-informed decision about the experiment's ethicality.

Question 3

A committee responsible for determining whether a proposed research project conforms to ethical standards is known as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  Ethical Research Committee. 
B)  Committee for the Ethical Treatment of Participants. 
C)  Institutional Review Board. 
D)  Governmental Oversight Committee. 
A)  Ethical Research Committee. 
B)  Committee for the Ethical Treatment of Participants. 
C)  Institutional Review Board. 
D)  Governmental Oversight Committee. C

Question 4

Would the participants in this study be considered participants at risk or participants at minimal risk? Why?

Accepted Answer

These are participants at risk

Question 5

Briefly describe the Milgram obedience studies. What ethical principles did these experiments violate?

Accepted Answer

The Milgram obedience studies were a ser

Question 6

What is the Nuremburg Code?

Accepted Answer

A)  An example of a research study in which participants were not provided with an informed consent. 
B)  An example of a research study in which participants were not provided with a debriefing. 
C)  An example of a research study in which participants were not allowed to discontinue their participation at any time. 
D)  An ethics code that resulted from the trials of Nazi doctors. 
A)  An example of a research study in which participants were not provided with an informed consent. 
B)  An example of a research study in which participants were not provided with a debriefing. 
C)  An example of a research study in which participants were not allowed to discontinue their participation at any time. 
D)  An ethics code that resulted from the trials of Nazi doctors.

Question 7

Sources for research ideas that present themselves in an unpredictable manner are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  nonsystematic sources. 
B)  systematic sources. 
C)  theories. 
D)  research articles. 
A)  nonsystematic sources. 
B)  systematic sources. 
C)  theories. 
D)  research articles.

Question 8

Why was the Willowbrook hepatitis project considered unethical?

Accepted Answer

A)  The participants were not protected against risks. 
B)  The project was not conducted by scientifically qualified personnel. 
C)  The lack of deception caused the results to be invalid. 
D)  All of the above. 
A)  The participants were not protected against risks. 
B)  The project was not conducted by scientifically qualified personnel. 
C)  The lack of deception caused the results to be invalid. 
D)  All of the above.

Question 9

A secondary source refers to an article

Accepted Answer

A)  read by a researcher and cited in his/her manuscript. 
B)  consulted by a researcher as background but not actually cited in his/her manuscript. 
C)  discussed in another reference and the reader does not have access to the original article. 
D)  that has been plagiarized from another source. 
A)  read by a researcher and cited in his/her manuscript. 
B)  consulted by a researcher as background but not actually cited in his/her manuscript. 
C)  discussed in another reference and the reader does not have access to the original article. 
D)  that has been plagiarized from another source.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT one of the APA guidelines regarding the humane care and use of animals in research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychologists should only subject animals to pain when there are no alternative procedures. 
B)  Psychologists should perform surgical procedures under appropriate anesthesia. 
C)  All individuals who come in contact with animals should be trained in the appropriate care and handling of the animals. 
D)  Psychologists are not permitted to use primates for research purposes. 
A)  Psychologists should only subject animals to pain when there are no alternative procedures. 
B)  Psychologists should perform surgical procedures under appropriate anesthesia. 
C)  All individuals who come in contact with animals should be trained in the appropriate care and handling of the animals. 
D)  Psychologists are not permitted to use primates for research purposes.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT one of the recommendations given in the textbook regarding debriefing sessions?

Accepted Answer

A)  The researcher should repeat all guarantees of confidentiality and anonymity. 
B)  The researcher should send an explanation of the results at a later date rather than conducting the session right after the experiment. 
C)  The researcher should alleviate any discomforts faced by participants during the experiment. 
D)  All of the above are recommendations for the debriefing session. 
A)  The researcher should repeat all guarantees of confidentiality and anonymity. 
B)  The researcher should send an explanation of the results at a later date rather than conducting the session right after the experiment. 
C)  The researcher should alleviate any discomforts faced by participants during the experiment. 
D)  All of the above are recommendations for the debriefing session.

Question 12

What is the single greatest reason regarding why researchers engage in plagiarism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pressure to publish 
B)  Not understanding what plagiarism is 
C)  Sociopathic tendencies 
D)  All of the above. 
A)  Pressure to publish 
B)  Not understanding what plagiarism is 
C)  Sociopathic tendencies 
D)  All of the above.

Question 13

What is the term for participants who are placed under some type of emotional or physical risk?

Accepted Answer

A)  Participants at minimal risk 
B)  Participants at risk 
C)  Participants at no risk 
D)  Subjects 
A)  Participants at minimal risk 
B)  Participants at risk 
C)  Participants at no risk 
D)  Subjects

Question 14

What is the term for participants who are not placed under physical or emotional risk?

Accepted Answer

A)  Participants at minimal risk 
B)  Participants at risk 
C)  Participants at no risk 
D)  Subjects 
A)  Participants at minimal risk 
B)  Participants at risk 
C)  Participants at no risk 
D)  Subjects

Question 15

Briefly summarize the four steps in conducting a search of the literature.

Accepted Answer

Conducting a search of the literature in

Question 16

Describe what is meant by a research idea being testable.

Accepted Answer

A research idea being testable means tha

Question 17

No mention in the article was made of an informed consent, but based on the description of the method, do you think the informed consent followed all of the guidelines listed in Table 2-4 on p. 34? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

(1) It is unlikely that participants wer

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the APA guideline regarding inducements for research participation?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is unethical to pay people to participate in research. 
B)  Researchers should avoid excessive inducements to participate in research. 
C)  Research participation should be a course requirement for college students in introductory psychology classes. 
D)  Researchers cannot, under any circumstances, offer professional services as an inducement for research participation. 
A)  It is unethical to pay people to participate in research. 
B)  Researchers should avoid excessive inducements to participate in research. 
C)  Research participation should be a course requirement for college students in introductory psychology classes. 
D)  Researchers cannot, under any circumstances, offer professional services as an inducement for research participation.

Question 19

What is the last step in conducting a search of the literature?

Accepted Answer

A)  Obtaining relevant publications 
B)  Doing a computerized search of the literature 
C)  Integrating the results of the literature search 
D)  Selecting the index terms 
A)  Obtaining relevant publications 
B)  Doing a computerized search of the literature 
C)  Integrating the results of the literature search 
D)  Selecting the index terms

Question 20

Why was the Tuskegee syphilis project considered unethical?

Accepted Answer

A)  Participants were not told the real purpose of the study. 
B)  There were excessive risks for the participants. 
C)  Participants did not have the right to discontinue participation. 
D)  All of the above. 
A)  Participants were not told the real purpose of the study. 
B)  There were excessive risks for the participants. 
C)  Participants did not have the right to discontinue participation. 
D)  All of the above.

Describe the purpose of the IRB.

If you were a member of an IRB, would you find this experiment ethical as described? Why or why not?

A committee responsible for determining whether a proposed research project conforms to ethical standards is known as a(n)

Would the participants in this study be considered participants at risk or participants at minimal risk? Why?

Briefly describe the Milgram obedience studies. What ethical principles did these experiments violate?

What is the Nuremburg Code?

Sources for research ideas that present themselves in an unpredictable manner are known as

Why was the Willowbrook hepatitis project considered unethical?

A secondary source refers to an article

Which of the following is NOT one of the APA guidelines regarding the humane care and use of animals in research?

Which of the following is NOT one of the recommendations given in the textbook regarding debriefing sessions?

What is the single greatest reason regarding why researchers engage in plagiarism?

What is the term for participants who are placed under some type of emotional or physical risk?

What is the term for participants who are not placed under physical or emotional risk?

Briefly summarize the four steps in conducting a search of the literature.

Describe what is meant by a research idea being testable.

No mention in the article was made of an informed consent, but based on the description of the method, do you think the informed consent followed all of the guidelines listed in Table 2-4 on p. 34? Why or why not?

Which of the following best describes the APA guideline regarding inducements for research participation?

What is the last step in conducting a search of the literature?

Why was the Tuskegee syphilis project considered unethical?

Psychological Research and the Research Methods Course

Qualitative Research Methods

Nonexperimental Methods: Descriptive Methods, Correlational Studies, Ex Post Facto Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling, and Basic Research Strategies

Using the Scientific Method in Psychology

Conducting a Good Experiment I: Variables and Control

Conducting a Good Experiment Ii: Final Considerations, Unanticipated Influences, and Cross-Cultural Issues

Internal and External Validity

Using Statistics to Answer Questions

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With More Than Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Multiple Independent Variables

Alternative Research Designs

Writing and Assembling an Apa-Format Research Report

Filters

Exam 2: Developing a Good Research Idea and Conducting an Ethical Project

Describe the purpose of the IRB.

If you were a member of an IRB, would you find this experiment ethical as described? Why or why not?

A committee responsible for determining whether a proposed research project conforms to ethical standards is known as a(n)

Would the participants in this study be considered participants at risk or participants at minimal risk? Why?

Briefly describe the Milgram obedience studies. What ethical principles did these experiments violate?

What is the Nuremburg Code?

Sources for research ideas that present themselves in an unpredictable manner are known as

Why was the Willowbrook hepatitis project considered unethical?

A secondary source refers to an article

Which of the following is NOT one of the APA guidelines regarding the humane care and use of animals in research?

Which of the following is NOT one of the recommendations given in the textbook regarding debriefing sessions?

What is the single greatest reason regarding why researchers engage in plagiarism?

What is the term for participants who are placed under some type of emotional or physical risk?

What is the term for participants who are not placed under physical or emotional risk?

Briefly summarize the four steps in conducting a search of the literature.

Describe what is meant by a research idea being testable.

No mention in the article was made of an informed consent, but based on the description of the method, do you think the informed consent followed all of the guidelines listed in Table 2-4 on p. 34? Why or why not?

Which of the following best describes the APA guideline regarding inducements for research participation?

What is the last step in conducting a search of the literature?

Why was the Tuskegee syphilis project considered unethical?

Psychological Research and the Research Methods Course

Qualitative Research Methods

Nonexperimental Methods: Descriptive Methods, Correlational Studies, Ex Post Facto Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling, and Basic Research Strategies

Using the Scientific Method in Psychology

Conducting a Good Experiment I: Variables and Control

Conducting a Good Experiment Ii: Final Considerations, Unanticipated Influences, and Cross-Cultural Issues

Internal and External Validity

Using Statistics to Answer Questions

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With More Than Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Multiple Independent Variables

Alternative Research Designs

Writing and Assembling an Apa-Format Research Report

Filters