Question 1

What kind of dependent variable is this (correctness, rate/frequency, degree/amount, or latency/duration)? Explain.

Accepted Answer

These are degree/amount DVs. For example, the attractiveness ratings were done on a 100-point scale; the researcher was measuring the degree of attraction to each slide.

Question 2

__________ is a control technique that ensures that each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group in an experiment.

Accepted Answer

A)  Balancing 
B)  Counterbalancing 
C)  Elimination 
D)  Randomization 
A)  Balancing 
B)  Counterbalancing 
C)  Elimination 
D)  Randomization D

Question 3

Do you think the dependent variable is valid? How do you know?

Accepted Answer

Yes. A DV is valid when it measures what it is supposed to measure. The researcher was interested in attractiveness ratings, and that is what he measured.

Question 4

In one study, a group of children watched an adult either hit a Bobo doll or play quietly with the doll. The researchers measured the number of times the children later hit the Bobo doll. What kind of dependent variable is this?

Accepted Answer

A)  rate or frequency 
B)  latency or duration 
C)  correctness 
D)  degree or amount 
A)  rate or frequency 
B)  latency or duration 
C)  correctness 
D)  degree or amount

Question 5

Larey (2001) decided to restrict her study on body dissatisfaction to only women because men and women vary greatly on this variable. Larey used the control technique of

Accepted Answer

A)  counterbalancing. 
B)  elimination. 
C)  constancy. 
D)  randomization. 
A)  counterbalancing. 
B)  elimination. 
C)  constancy. 
D)  randomization.

Question 6

___________ is a control technique that achieves group equality by distributing extraneous variables equally to all groups.

Accepted Answer

A)  Constancy 
B)  Elimination 
C)  Randomization 
D)  Balancing 
A)  Constancy 
B)  Elimination 
C)  Randomization 
D)  Balancing

Question 7

In _________ counterbalancing, only a portion of all possible sequences are presented.

Accepted Answer

A)  complete 
B)  incomplete 
C)  within-subjects 
D)  elimination 
A)  complete 
B)  incomplete 
C)  within-subjects 
D)  elimination

Question 8

The degree to which a dependent variable produces consistent measurements is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  validity. 
B)  constancy. 
C)  latency. 
D)  reliability. 
A)  validity. 
B)  constancy. 
C)  latency. 
D)  reliability.

Question 9

An independent variable must have _________, and an extraneous variable must have _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  one value; one value 
B)  two values; one value 
C)  one value; two values 
D)  two or more values; two or more values 
A)  one value; one value 
B)  two values; one value 
C)  one value; two values 
D)  two or more values; two or more values

Question 10

_________ variables increase the variability of scores within all groups, and ________ variables change the difference between groups.

Accepted Answer

A)  Extraneous; confounded 
B)  Extraneous; nuisance 
C)  Nuisance; extraneous 
D)  Independent; dependent 
A)  Extraneous; confounded 
B)  Extraneous; nuisance 
C)  Nuisance; extraneous 
D)  Independent; dependent

Question 11

Which category of independent variable is this (e.g., physiological, experience, stimulus, or participant)?

Accepted Answer

Participants in the heart rate

Question 12

A researcher measures how quickly participants notice a dot that is presented in various places on a computer screen. What kind of dependent variable is this?

Accepted Answer

A)  rate or frequency 
B)  correctness 
C)  degree or amount 
D)  latency or duration 
A)  rate or frequency 
B)  correctness 
C)  degree or amount 
D)  latency or duration

Question 13

What is an operational definition? Why is it important for researchers to use operational definitions? Give an example of an operational definition.

Accepted Answer

An operational definition is a clear and

Question 14

Janie creates a new scale to measure self-esteem, but it turns out that it really measures extraversion. Janie's scale has low

Accepted Answer

A)  latency. 
B)  reliability. 
C)  constancy. 
D)  validity. 
A)  latency. 
B)  reliability. 
C)  constancy. 
D)  validity.

Question 15

Jeremy would like to do a study in which each participant is exposed to four different treatment conditions. In order to do complete counterbalancing, Jeremy will need a minimum of ________ participants.

Accepted Answer

A)  4 
B)  16 
C)  24 
D)  48 
A)  4 
B)  16 
C)  24 
D)  48

Question 16

A variable has

Accepted Answer

A)  only one value. 
B)  only two values. 
C)  only three values. 
D)  two or more values. 
A)  only one value. 
B)  only two values. 
C)  only three values. 
D)  two or more values.

Question 17

This study is an experiment. How do you know?

Accepted Answer

There is a manipulated indepen

Question 18

What is an independent variable? Give examples of different types of independent variables (participant, stimulus, physiological, experience).

Accepted Answer

An independent variable is a variable th

Question 19

Why are extraneous variables problematic?

Accepted Answer

A)  The operational definitions of extraneous variables are poor. 
B)  The extraneous variables are purposely manipulated by the researcher. 
C)  Extraneous variables are usually measured on a Likert scale. 
D)  The researcher does not know if the results are due to the independent variable or to the extraneous variables. 
A)  The operational definitions of extraneous variables are poor. 
B)  The extraneous variables are purposely manipulated by the researcher. 
C)  Extraneous variables are usually measured on a Likert scale. 
D)  The researcher does not know if the results are due to the independent variable or to the extraneous variables.

Question 20

George creates a new happiness scale and gives it to a sample of college students twice. Scores were consistent over time, which means that George's scale is

Accepted Answer

A)  valid. 
B)  reliable. 
C)  negatively correlated. 
D)  confounded. 
A)  valid. 
B)  reliable. 
C)  negatively correlated. 
D)  confounded.

What kind of dependent variable is this (correctness, rate/frequency, degree/amount, or latency/duration)? Explain.

__________ is a control technique that ensures that each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group in an experiment.

Do you think the dependent variable is valid? How do you know?

In one study, a group of children watched an adult either hit a Bobo doll or play quietly with the doll. The researchers measured the number of times the children later hit the Bobo doll. What kind of dependent variable is this?

Larey (2001) decided to restrict her study on body dissatisfaction to only women because men and women vary greatly on this variable. Larey used the control technique of

___________ is a control technique that achieves group equality by distributing extraneous variables equally to all groups.

In _________ counterbalancing, only a portion of all possible sequences are presented.

The degree to which a dependent variable produces consistent measurements is known as

An independent variable must have _, and an extraneous variable must have _.

_ variables increase the variability of scores within all groups, and variables change the difference between groups.

Which category of independent variable is this (e.g., physiological, experience, stimulus, or participant)?

A researcher measures how quickly participants notice a dot that is presented in various places on a computer screen. What kind of dependent variable is this?

What is an operational definition? Why is it important for researchers to use operational definitions? Give an example of an operational definition.

Janie creates a new scale to measure self-esteem, but it turns out that it really measures extraversion. Janie's scale has low

Jeremy would like to do a study in which each participant is exposed to four different treatment conditions. In order to do complete counterbalancing, Jeremy will need a minimum of ________ participants.

A variable has

This study is an experiment. How do you know?

What is an independent variable? Give examples of different types of independent variables (participant, stimulus, physiological, experience).

Why are extraneous variables problematic?

George creates a new happiness scale and gives it to a sample of college students twice. Scores were consistent over time, which means that George's scale is

Psychological Research and the Research Methods Course

Developing a Good Research Idea and Conducting an Ethical Project

Qualitative Research Methods

Nonexperimental Methods: Descriptive Methods, Correlational Studies, Ex Post Facto Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling, and Basic Research Strategies

Using the Scientific Method in Psychology

Conducting a Good Experiment Ii: Final Considerations, Unanticipated Influences, and Cross-Cultural Issues

Internal and External Validity

Using Statistics to Answer Questions

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With More Than Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Multiple Independent Variables

Alternative Research Designs

Writing and Assembling an Apa-Format Research Report

Filters

Exam 6: Conducting a Good Experiment I: Variables and Control

What kind of dependent variable is this (correctness, rate/frequency, degree/amount, or latency/duration)? Explain.

__________ is a control technique that ensures that each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group in an experiment.

Do you think the dependent variable is valid? How do you know?

In one study, a group of children watched an adult either hit a Bobo doll or play quietly with the doll. The researchers measured the number of times the children later hit the Bobo doll. What kind of dependent variable is this?

Larey (2001) decided to restrict her study on body dissatisfaction to only women because men and women vary greatly on this variable. Larey used the control technique of

___________ is a control technique that achieves group equality by distributing extraneous variables equally to all groups.

In _________ counterbalancing, only a portion of all possible sequences are presented.

The degree to which a dependent variable produces consistent measurements is known as

An independent variable must have _________, and an extraneous variable must have _________.

_________ variables increase the variability of scores within all groups, and ________ variables change the difference between groups.

Which category of independent variable is this (e.g., physiological, experience, stimulus, or participant)?

A researcher measures how quickly participants notice a dot that is presented in various places on a computer screen. What kind of dependent variable is this?

What is an operational definition? Why is it important for researchers to use operational definitions? Give an example of an operational definition.

Janie creates a new scale to measure self-esteem, but it turns out that it really measures extraversion. Janie's scale has low

Jeremy would like to do a study in which each participant is exposed to four different treatment conditions. In order to do complete counterbalancing, Jeremy will need a minimum of ________ participants.

A variable has

This study is an experiment. How do you know?

What is an independent variable? Give examples of different types of independent variables (participant, stimulus, physiological, experience).

Why are extraneous variables problematic?

George creates a new happiness scale and gives it to a sample of college students twice. Scores were consistent over time, which means that George's scale is

Psychological Research and the Research Methods Course

Developing a Good Research Idea and Conducting an Ethical Project

Qualitative Research Methods

Nonexperimental Methods: Descriptive Methods, Correlational Studies, Ex Post Facto Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling, and Basic Research Strategies

Using the Scientific Method in Psychology

Conducting a Good Experiment Ii: Final Considerations, Unanticipated Influences, and Cross-Cultural Issues

Internal and External Validity

Using Statistics to Answer Questions

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With More Than Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Multiple Independent Variables

Alternative Research Designs

Writing and Assembling an Apa-Format Research Report

Filters

An independent variable must have _, and an extraneous variable must have _.

_ variables increase the variability of scores within all groups, and variables change the difference between groups.