Exam 12: The Cardiovascular System: Blood

A hematocrit of 54% or higher (upper limit of normal) is an indication of polycythemia.

The white blood cells that are the first to respond to tissue destruction caused by bacteria are the _____.

_____ stem cells: give rise to erythrocytes, platelets, granular leukocytes, and monocytes.

In cases of sickle cell anemia, malformation of thrombocytes occur which produces abnormal clotting of the blood.

Describe the anatomical features of a mature red blood cell that suits it for its functions of gas transport.

An eosinophil has large granules in the cytoplasm that stain red-orange with acidic dyes and typically contains a two or three lobed nucleus.

The molecules that are the most abundant and also the smallest of the plasma proteins are the _____.

_____ stem cells give rise to all formed elements of blood.

B cells develop into _____ cells whose function is to produce _____ that help destroy bacteria and inactivate their toxins.

Amino acids are the end product of carbohydrate digestion, carried by plasma to body cells.

_____ stem cells give rise to lymphocytes.

Blood functions to: 1) protect against its excessive loss after injury 2) play a role in pH regulation 3) protect against UV radiation damage 4) protect against disease 5) assist with regulation of body temperature

Fixed macrophages in two organs, specifically the _____ and _____, remove worn out red blood cells and platelets from the bloodstream.

Platelets:

_____ attack viruses, fungi, transplanted cells, cancer cells, and some bacteria.

What is the major function of plasma fibrinogen?

Describe the three main functions of blood.

Megakaryocytes are cells that break into 2000-3000 platelets.

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are agranulocytes.

Monocytes migrate into body tissues to become phagocytic cells called: