Question 1

Describe three differences found between schools in low-income areas and those in high-income areas.

Accepted Answer

Compared with schools in higher-income areas, schools in low-income areas are more likely to have more students with low achievement test scores, low graduation rates, and smaller percentages of students going to college; they are more likely to have young teachers with less experience; and they are more likely to encourage rote learning. Too few schools in low-income neighborhoods provide students with environments that are conducive to learning and many of the schools' buildings and classrooms are old and crumbling. In sum, far too many schools in low-income neighborhoods provide students with environments that are not conducive to effective learning.

Question 2

Carol Dweck defines this as the cognitive view individuals develop for themselves regarding their fixed or growing cognitive qualities.

Accepted Answer

Mindset

Question 3

Many of today's children grow up receiving praise for mediocre or even poor performance. What could be a possible consequence of this?

Accepted Answer

A)  They tend to undervalue the rewards that assertiveness and ambition can bring. 
B)  The increased self-esteem produces better school performance. 
C)  They are increasingly prone to delinquency and truancy. 
D)  They may get upset easily when they lose a competition or receive a critique of their performance. 
A)  They tend to undervalue the rewards that assertiveness and ambition can bring. 
B)  The increased self-esteem produces better school performance. 
C)  They are increasingly prone to delinquency and truancy. 
D)  They may get upset easily when they lose a competition or receive a critique of their performance. D

Question 4

Recent studies found that _____ was a protective factor for children growing up in low-socioeconomic-status conditions.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-regulation 
B)  low self-esteem 
C)  perspective taking 
D)  industry 
A)  self-regulation 
B)  low self-esteem 
C)  perspective taking 
D)  industry

Question 5

Mr. Trahan teaches English from a constructivist approach to learning. In his classroom, it is LEAST likely that the students will be:

Accepted Answer

A)  working in groups to discover the meaning of a poem. 
B)  developing a script for a play that they will perform for the school. 
C)  memorizing important Shakespearean quotes. 
D)  going on a field trip to the theater and then writing about their experiences as a class. 
A)  working in groups to discover the meaning of a poem. 
B)  developing a script for a play that they will perform for the school. 
C)  memorizing important Shakespearean quotes. 
D)  going on a field trip to the theater and then writing about their experiences as a class.

Question 6

Among the types of sociometric statuses, _____ and _____ children are infrequently nominated as someone's best friend.

Accepted Answer

A)  rejected; controversial 
B)  rejected; average 
C)  neglected; controversial 
D)  rejected; neglected 
A)  rejected; controversial 
B)  rejected; average 
C)  neglected; controversial 
D)  rejected; neglected

Question 7

Tapi believes that all human beings have certain inalienable rights that need to be protected. She believes that the current law in her country that prohibits interracial marriage is unfair and should be changed. According to Kohlberg, which of the following describes Tapi's level of moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Postconventional 
B)  Conventional 
C)  Preconventional 
D)  Universal 
A)  Postconventional 
B)  Conventional 
C)  Preconventional 
D)  Universal

Question 8

Angie's mother allows her to schedule her own study and relaxation times, with the expectation that Angie must continue doing well in school and must discuss her activities with her mother ahead of time. Her mother checks on Angie's school progress frequently and also talks to her about her social life and problems. This approach is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  boundary ambiguity. 
B)  latchkey control. 
C)  unilateral control. 
D)  coregulation. 
A)  boundary ambiguity. 
B)  latchkey control. 
C)  unilateral control. 
D)  coregulation.

Question 9

List the four strategies for improving self-esteem in at-risk children.

Accepted Answer

Identify the causes of low sel

Question 10

Mark's daughter wants to start taking guitar lessons. He believes her when she says, "I know it will be hard and take a long time, but I know I can learn to play hard songs." Mark's daughter is high in:

Accepted Answer

A)  self-concept. 
B)  self-regulation. 
C)  self-efficacy. 
D)  self-awareness. 
A)  self-concept. 
B)  self-regulation. 
C)  self-efficacy. 
D)  self-awareness.

Question 11

Describe the ways children with low self-efficacy for learning differ from children having high self-efficacy for learning.

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy is the belief that one can

Question 12

Ava's friends were trying to get her to shoplift a small bottle of nail polish but she refused. All Ava could think about was how disappointed her grandmother would be if she heard that Ava had shoplifted. She wouldn't risk disappointing her grandmother in that way. Kohlberg would say Ava is reasoning at the _____ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  social systems morality 
B)  individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange 
C)  social contract or utility and individual rights 
D)  mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity 
A)  social systems morality 
B)  individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange 
C)  social contract or utility and individual rights 
D)  mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity

Question 13

At the "Meet Your Teacher" day before the school year started, Harish met Ms. Keppel. She asked, "So Harish, tell me something about you." He responded, "I was the best in my class last year, and picked for the All-Star Regional Soccer Team. I can accomplish anything I want to do." Harish is revealing his:

Accepted Answer

A)  self-concept. 
B)  self-control. 
C)  self-efficacy. 
D)  self-esteem. 
A)  self-concept. 
B)  self-control. 
C)  self-efficacy. 
D)  self-esteem.

Question 14

The highest stage in Kohlberg's theory of moral development in which individuals develop a moral standard based on universal human rights.

Accepted Answer

Universal

Question 15

In terms of self-understanding, children in late childhood are more likely than children in early childhood to:

Accepted Answer

A)  compare themselves with others. 
B)  refrain from social comparison. 
C)  use physical characteristics to describe themselves. 
D)  use outer states to describe themselves. 
A)  compare themselves with others. 
B)  refrain from social comparison. 
C)  use physical characteristics to describe themselves. 
D)  use outer states to describe themselves.

Question 16

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, during which of the following stages do people pursue their own interests but also let others do the same?

Accepted Answer

A)  Social contract or utility and individual rights 
B)  Individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange 
C)  Punishment and obedience orientation 
D)  Social systems morality 
A)  Social contract or utility and individual rights 
B)  Individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange 
C)  Punishment and obedience orientation 
D)  Social systems morality

Question 17

Fernando doesn't cut in line, he raises his hand in class before talking, and stops his car at stop signs on the road. He focuses on conventional rules that have been established by social consensus in order to control behavior and maintain the social system. Which of the following best describes Fernando's reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prosocial reasoning 
B)  Moral reasoning 
C)  Social consensus reasoning 
D)  Social conventional reasoning 
A)  Prosocial reasoning 
B)  Moral reasoning 
C)  Social consensus reasoning 
D)  Social conventional reasoning

Question 18

Which of the following is not true regarding gender and school contexts?

Accepted Answer

A)  Boys get better grades. 
B)  Boys are more likely to drop out of school. 
C)  Girls complete high school at a higher rate. 
D)  Boys are more likely to be in special/remedial education classes. 
A)  Boys get better grades. 
B)  Boys are more likely to drop out of school. 
C)  Girls complete high school at a higher rate. 
D)  Boys are more likely to be in special/remedial education classes.

Question 19

Erik Erikson's fourth stage of development, appearing during middle and late childhood, is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  industry versus inferiority. 
B)  trust versus mistrust. 
C)  initiative versus guilt. 
D)  autonomy versus shame and doubt. 
A)  industry versus inferiority. 
B)  trust versus mistrust. 
C)  initiative versus guilt. 
D)  autonomy versus shame and doubt.

Question 20

Which of the following is usually not true for students who live in poverty and their schools?

Accepted Answer

A)  Disadvantaged neighborhoods are linked to less stimulating environments. 
B)  Disadvantaged neighborhoods are linked to students with low verbal ability. 
C)  They receive a high percentage of government money for teaching materials. 
D)  Many of the school structures are old and not conducive to learning. 
A)  Disadvantaged neighborhoods are linked to less stimulating environments. 
B)  Disadvantaged neighborhoods are linked to students with low verbal ability. 
C)  They receive a high percentage of government money for teaching materials. 
D)  Many of the school structures are old and not conducive to learning.

Describe three differences found between schools in low-income areas and those in high-income areas.

Carol Dweck defines this as the cognitive view individuals develop for themselves regarding their fixed or growing cognitive qualities.

Many of today's children grow up receiving praise for mediocre or even poor performance. What could be a possible consequence of this?

Recent studies found that _____ was a protective factor for children growing up in low-socioeconomic-status conditions.

Mr. Trahan teaches English from a constructivist approach to learning. In his classroom, it is LEAST likely that the students will be:

Among the types of sociometric statuses, _ and _ children are infrequently nominated as someone's best friend.

List the four strategies for improving self-esteem in at-risk children.

Mark's daughter wants to start taking guitar lessons. He believes her when she says, "I know it will be hard and take a long time, but I know I can learn to play hard songs." Mark's daughter is high in:

Describe the ways children with low self-efficacy for learning differ from children having high self-efficacy for learning.

The highest stage in Kohlberg's theory of moral development in which individuals develop a moral standard based on universal human rights.

In terms of self-understanding, children in late childhood are more likely than children in early childhood to:

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, during which of the following stages do people pursue their own interests but also let others do the same?

Which of the following is not true regarding gender and school contexts?

Erik Erikson's fourth stage of development, appearing during middle and late childhood, is called:

Which of the following is usually not true for students who live in poverty and their schools?

Introduction

Biological Beginnings

Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy

Socioemotional Development in Infancy

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle and Late Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Socioemotional Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Socioemotional Development in Early Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Socioemotional Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Socioemotional Development in Late Adulthood

Death, Dying, and Grieving

Filters

Exam 8: Socioemotional Development in Middle and Late Childhood

Describe three differences found between schools in low-income areas and those in high-income areas.

Carol Dweck defines this as the cognitive view individuals develop for themselves regarding their fixed or growing cognitive qualities.

Many of today's children grow up receiving praise for mediocre or even poor performance. What could be a possible consequence of this?

Recent studies found that _____ was a protective factor for children growing up in low-socioeconomic-status conditions.

Mr. Trahan teaches English from a constructivist approach to learning. In his classroom, it is LEAST likely that the students will be:

Among the types of sociometric statuses, _____ and _____ children are infrequently nominated as someone's best friend.

List the four strategies for improving self-esteem in at-risk children.

Mark's daughter wants to start taking guitar lessons. He believes her when she says, "I know it will be hard and take a long time, but I know I can learn to play hard songs." Mark's daughter is high in:

Describe the ways children with low self-efficacy for learning differ from children having high self-efficacy for learning.

The highest stage in Kohlberg's theory of moral development in which individuals develop a moral standard based on universal human rights.

In terms of self-understanding, children in late childhood are more likely than children in early childhood to:

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, during which of the following stages do people pursue their own interests but also let others do the same?

Which of the following is not true regarding gender and school contexts?

Erik Erikson's fourth stage of development, appearing during middle and late childhood, is called:

Which of the following is usually not true for students who live in poverty and their schools?

Introduction

Biological Beginnings

Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy

Socioemotional Development in Infancy

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle and Late Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Socioemotional Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Socioemotional Development in Early Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Socioemotional Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Socioemotional Development in Late Adulthood

Death, Dying, and Grieving

Filters

Among the types of sociometric statuses, _ and _ children are infrequently nominated as someone's best friend.