Exam 3: Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy

A _____ is the basic unit of sound in a language.

Someone with a vocabulary of only 200 words can recombine the words in different ways to say thousands of different things. This aspect of language is referred to as:

Heather is shown a teddy bear. The teddy bear is then hidden from her. Heather searches for the teddy bear. This shows that Heather has developed a sense of:

How would you connect the concepts of the overproduction of synaptic connections and their subsequent retraction, or pruning, with the nature versus nurture issue?

What is infantile amnesia? What are two explanations given for this phenomenon?

The interpretation of sensory information is called:

Whenever baby Beth hears a loud noise, she responds with a _____ reflex where she arches her back, throws back her head, flings out her arms and legs, and then rapidly closes her arms and legs.

_____ occurs when information interacts with receptors such as the eyes, ears, tongue, nostrils, and skin.

The "visual cliff" experiment was used to measure:

The most important recent advance in measuring infant perception is:

Kenny is concerned that his baby daughter isn't sleeping through the night yet, so he asks the pediatrician about it. She says his daughter is really young to expect that, and that he shouldn't expect his daughter to sleep through the night until she is about:

The cerebral cortex has two _____, each of which is further divided into four _____.

A nerve cell that handles information processing in the brain.

According to your textbook, infants can discriminate among colors as early as:

Piaget believed that children's thinking in one stage is _____ that in another stage.

Describe what Karen Adolph found when she investigated how experienced and inexperienced crawling and walking infants go down steep slopes, and give one piece of advice to parents based on this research.

_____ motor skills involve large-muscle activities, such as moving one's arms and walking.

Chemical interactions between ____ connect axons and dendrites, allowing information to pass from neuron to neuron.

The peak of synaptic overproduction in the _____, involved in higher level thinking and self-regulation, occurs at just over three years old.

Trenton was playing in the sandbox. He was pouring sand from a short, fat container into a tall, skinny container. When he poured the sand into the tall, skinny container, it looked to him as if it had more sand in it. Trenton could not figure out where the extra sand came from, and how it got into his container. As Trenton continues to try to solve this puzzle, he will experience considerable movement between states of cognitive _____ and _____ to produce cognitive change and eventual understanding.