Exam 4: How Do We Know What We Know the Methods of the Sociologist

Surveys, polls, and secondary analysis of data sets typically involve __________ analysis

The text points out that where there are more storks, there are more babies. In this example, for which reason can we NOT establish a causal link?

__________ refers to being able to reasonably guess human behavior in particular situations.

In sociological research, we approach the truth by addressing two issues:

Compared to other sciences' phenomena, such as gravity or particles, the phenomena examined in sociology

__________ refers to formal and systematic information, organized and coherent.

Seventeenth-century philosopher Auguste Comte, the founder of sociology, believed that ________.

Explain Weber's concept of "verstehen."

Certain groups, such as children, college students, and prisoners, are considered __________ and IRBs require special procedures for studies using them as subjects.

Surveys are the only method that uses samples.

A(n) __________ predicts a relationship between independent and dependent variables.

If a researcher is observing children's interactions from behind a one-way mirror, so that his/her presence is unobtrusive and thus not influencing the children's behavior, the researcher is conducting __________ observation.

One of the criteria to determine __________ is correlation, that is, the variables must be related to each other.

Because the subjects of social science research are often unpredictable or even irrational, the __________ can never be known, though it can be approached by examining predictability and causality.

__________ research includes surveys and polls, and involves statistical analysis.

Every person who is pregnant must be female. Therefore, being female is a __________ cause of pregnancy.

In a study of whether parental divorce influences children's social and academic characteristics, parental divorce is the__________.

Quantitative methodology is more likely to rely on __________ reasoning, while Qualitative is more likely to use __________ reasoning.

Why is it important to review the literature about previous research on your topic?

Identify and briefly describe the four criteria for determining causality.