Question 1

The inflammatory response

Accepted Answer

A)  prevents the spread of an infection. 
B)  stimulates erythrocytes to leave the blood. 
C)  delays healing of damaged tissues. 
D)  depresses immunity. 
E)  is harmful and should be immediately reversed. 
A)  prevents the spread of an infection. 
B)  stimulates erythrocytes to leave the blood. 
C)  delays healing of damaged tissues. 
D)  depresses immunity. 
E)  is harmful and should be immediately reversed.

Question 2

Lymph containing a high lipid content is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  chyle 
B)  chyme 
C)  lacteal 
D)  interstitial fluid 
A)  chyle 
B)  chyme 
C)  lacteal 
D)  interstitial fluid

Question 3

Which of the following would be classified as an innate physical barrier?

Accepted Answer

A)  Activation of complement 
B)  Phagocytosis of invading organisms 
C)  Washing action of tears and saliva 
D)  Inflammation 
E)  Release of histamine 
A)  Activation of complement 
B)  Phagocytosis of invading organisms 
C)  Washing action of tears and saliva 
D)  Inflammation 
E)  Release of histamine

Question 4

The thoracic duct drains lymph into the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  left subclavian vein 
B)  right subclavian vein 
C)  right internal jugular vein 
D)  left brachiocephalic vein 
E)  left subclavian artery 
A)  left subclavian vein 
B)  right subclavian vein 
C)  right internal jugular vein 
D)  left brachiocephalic vein 
E)  left subclavian artery

Question 5

Match the cell of adaptive immunity with its function.
-Plasma cell

Accepted Answer

A) Quick and responsive to antigen, remembers previous exposure 
B) After activation, differentiates to become plasma cell or memory B cell 
C) Produces antibodies 
D) Destroys cells by lysis or by production of cytokines 
E) Activates B and effector T cells 
A) Quick and responsive to antigen, remembers previous exposure 
B) After activation, differentiates to become plasma cell or memory B cell 
C) Produces antibodies 
D) Destroys cells by lysis or by production of cytokines 
E) Activates B and effector T cells

Question 6

An MHC class II/antigen complex on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell (APC) binds to a T-cell receptor. What results from this interaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Other immune cells are inhibited. 
B)  The antigen is phagocytized by the T cell. 
C)  The T cell responds by directly destroying the APC. 
D)  Other immune cells are stimulated to respond to the antigen. 
A)  Other immune cells are inhibited. 
B)  The antigen is phagocytized by the T cell. 
C)  The T cell responds by directly destroying the APC. 
D)  Other immune cells are stimulated to respond to the antigen.

Question 7

The type of adaptive immunity that provides immediate protection against disease when there is no time for the person to develop their own immunity is called ________ immunity.

Accepted Answer

A)  active natural 
B)  active artificial 
C)  passive innate 
D)  passive artificial 
E)  active immediate 
A)  active natural 
B)  active artificial 
C)  passive innate 
D)  passive artificial 
E)  active immediate

Question 8

One characteristic of the immune response is specificity. This means that

Accepted Answer

A)  immunity starts in defined organs in the body. 
B)  immunity starts in specialized tissues in the body. 
C)  immunity is carried on by a specific group of cells of the immune system. 
D)  immunity is directed against a particular pathogen. 
E)  immunity is carried on by a specific group of tissues of the immune system. 
A)  immunity starts in defined organs in the body. 
B)  immunity starts in specialized tissues in the body. 
C)  immunity is carried on by a specific group of cells of the immune system. 
D)  immunity is directed against a particular pathogen. 
E)  immunity is carried on by a specific group of tissues of the immune system.

Question 9

Primary lymphatic organs include the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  tonsils and spleen 
B)  thymus and lymph nodes 
C)  red bone marrow and thymus 
D)  red bone marrow and lymph nodes 
A)  tonsils and spleen 
B)  thymus and lymph nodes 
C)  red bone marrow and thymus 
D)  red bone marrow and lymph nodes

Question 10

Match the cell of adaptive immunity with its function.
-Memory T cell

Accepted Answer

A) Quick and responsive to antigen, remembers previous exposure 
B) After activation, differentiates to become plasma cell or memory B cell 
C) Produces antibodies 
D) Destroys cells by lysis or by production of cytokines 
E) Activates B and effector T cells 
A) Quick and responsive to antigen, remembers previous exposure 
B) After activation, differentiates to become plasma cell or memory B cell 
C) Produces antibodies 
D) Destroys cells by lysis or by production of cytokines 
E) Activates B and effector T cells

Question 11

MHC class II molecules are found on ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages 
B)  dendritic cells, B cells, and helper T cells 
C)  monocytes, helper T cells, and neutrophils 
D)  B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells 
E)  B cells, C cells, and D cells 
A)  neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages 
B)  dendritic cells, B cells, and helper T cells 
C)  monocytes, helper T cells, and neutrophils 
D)  B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells 
E)  B cells, C cells, and D cells

Question 12

How do lymphatic capillaries differ from blood capillaries?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lymphatic capillaries do not have a basement membrane. 
B)  Simple squamous epithelial cells of lymphatics overlap with loose attachments. 
C)  Lymphatic capillaries are more permeable than blood capillaries. 
D)  Lymphatic capillary epithelium act as one-way valves preventing movement of fluid back into interstitial spaces. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  Lymphatic capillaries do not have a basement membrane. 
B)  Simple squamous epithelial cells of lymphatics overlap with loose attachments. 
C)  Lymphatic capillaries are more permeable than blood capillaries. 
D)  Lymphatic capillary epithelium act as one-way valves preventing movement of fluid back into interstitial spaces. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 13

The lymphatic system is involved in circulation, immunity, and nutrient absorption.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Match the term with the appropriate description.
-Germinal centers

Accepted Answer

A) Lipids that cause smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation 
B) Lymph nodules aggregated in the small intestinal wall 
C) Rounded epithelial structures found in the medulla of thymus 
D) Areas of a lymph node where lymphocytes divide 
E) A chemical released from mast cells that causes vasodilation 
A) Lipids that cause smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation 
B) Lymph nodules aggregated in the small intestinal wall 
C) Rounded epithelial structures found in the medulla of thymus 
D) Areas of a lymph node where lymphocytes divide 
E) A chemical released from mast cells that causes vasodilation

Question 15

Which of the following most accurately describes how foreign substances can activate complement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antibodies can bind to foreign antigens and activate complement through the classical pathway. 
B)  Foreign substances can bind to spontaneously activated C3 and stabilize it. 
C)  Foreign proteins bind to C1 and activate it. 
D)  Foreign proteins are phagocytized by macrophages and directly activate complement. 
E)  Both "Antibodies can bind to foreign antigens and activate complement through the classical pathway" and "Foreign substances can bind to spontaneously activated C3 and stabilize it" are correct. 
A)  Antibodies can bind to foreign antigens and activate complement through the classical pathway. 
B)  Foreign substances can bind to spontaneously activated C3 and stabilize it. 
C)  Foreign proteins bind to C1 and activate it. 
D)  Foreign proteins are phagocytized by macrophages and directly activate complement. 
E)  Both "Antibodies can bind to foreign antigens and activate complement through the classical pathway" and "Foreign substances can bind to spontaneously activated C3 and stabilize it" are correct.

Question 16

Once cytotoxic T cells are produced, which of the following is/are consistent with their ability to attack intracellular viruses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most nucleated cells process antigens through the MHC class I mechanisms. 
B)  Viral antigens are processed by the MHC class I mechanism and are presented to the cell surface. 
C)  Cytotoxic T cells bind to MHC class I processed antigens. 
D)  Cytotoxic T cells bound to the MHC class I processed antigens release lymphokines. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  Most nucleated cells process antigens through the MHC class I mechanisms. 
B)  Viral antigens are processed by the MHC class I mechanism and are presented to the cell surface. 
C)  Cytotoxic T cells bind to MHC class I processed antigens. 
D)  Cytotoxic T cells bound to the MHC class I processed antigens release lymphokines. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 17

Macrophages

Accepted Answer

A)  are derived from basophils. 
B)  reduce the inflammatory response. 
C)  are responsible for most phagocytic activity in the late stages of an infection. 
D)  produce cytokines that aid in the destruction of antigens. 
E)  are the first at the site of infection. 
A)  are derived from basophils. 
B)  reduce the inflammatory response. 
C)  are responsible for most phagocytic activity in the late stages of an infection. 
D)  produce cytokines that aid in the destruction of antigens. 
E)  are the first at the site of infection.

Question 18

Which structural feature of lymphatic vessels is responsible to forward movement of lymph?

Accepted Answer

A)  Overlapping endothelial cells 
B)  Valves 
C)  No basement membrane 
D)  Thin walls 
A)  Overlapping endothelial cells 
B)  Valves 
C)  No basement membrane 
D)  Thin walls

Question 19

Antibodies

Accepted Answer

A)  play a large role in cell-mediated immunity. 
B)  are produced by both T and B cells. 
C)  are composed of four light and four heavy polypeptide chains. 
D)  are not specific, but act generally. 
E)  have a variable region that binds to a specific antigenic determinant. 
A)  play a large role in cell-mediated immunity. 
B)  are produced by both T and B cells. 
C)  are composed of four light and four heavy polypeptide chains. 
D)  are not specific, but act generally. 
E)  have a variable region that binds to a specific antigenic determinant.

Question 20

Lysozyme is

Accepted Answer

A)  an enzyme found in body fluids that destroys certain bacteria. 
B)  a type of antibody that attracts a phagocyte. 
C)  a cytokine produced by T cells. 
D)  an antigen. 
E)  a bacteria. 
A)  an enzyme found in body fluids that destroys certain bacteria. 
B)  a type of antibody that attracts a phagocyte. 
C)  a cytokine produced by T cells. 
D)  an antigen. 
E)  a bacteria.

Exam 22: Lymphatic System and Immunity

The inflammatory response

Lymph containing a high lipid content is called ________.

Which of the following would be classified as an innate physical barrier?

The thoracic duct drains lymph into the ________.

Match the cell of adaptive immunity with its function. -Plasma cell

An MHC class II/antigen complex on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell (APC) binds to a T-cell receptor. What results from this interaction?

The type of adaptive immunity that provides immediate protection against disease when there is no time for the person to develop their own immunity is called ________ immunity.

One characteristic of the immune response is specificity. This means that

Primary lymphatic organs include the ________.

Match the cell of adaptive immunity with its function. -Memory T cell

MHC class II molecules are found on ________.

How do lymphatic capillaries differ from blood capillaries?

The lymphatic system is involved in circulation, immunity, and nutrient absorption.

Match the term with the appropriate description. -Germinal centers

Which of the following most accurately describes how foreign substances can activate complement?

Once cytotoxic T cells are produced, which of the following is/are consistent with their ability to attack intracellular viruses?

Macrophages

Which structural feature of lymphatic vessels is responsible to forward movement of lymph?

Antibodies

Lysozyme is

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