Question 1

All of the following are characteristics of hormones except

Accepted Answer

A)  hormones alter activity in target cells. 
B)  hormones interact specifically with receptors. 
C)  hormones are stable in blood until arrival at target cells. 
D)  hormones interact with any cells in contact with bloodstream. 
A)  hormones alter activity in target cells. 
B)  hormones interact specifically with receptors. 
C)  hormones are stable in blood until arrival at target cells. 
D)  hormones interact with any cells in contact with bloodstream. D

Question 2

Which type of chemical messenger will act locally on nearby cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Paracrine 
B)  Neurotransmitter 
C)  Autocrine 
D)  Endocrine 
A)  Paracrine 
B)  Neurotransmitter 
C)  Autocrine 
D)  Endocrine A

Question 3

In general, lipid-soluble hormones exhibit which type(s) of hormone secretion pattern(s)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chronic hormone secretion 
B)  Chronic and acute hormone secretion 
C)  Acute and episodic hormone secretion 
D)  Episodic hormone secretion 
E)  Chronic and episodic hormone secretion 
A)  Chronic hormone secretion 
B)  Chronic and acute hormone secretion 
C)  Acute and episodic hormone secretion 
D)  Episodic hormone secretion 
E)  Chronic and episodic hormone secretion E

Question 4

All of the following chemical messengers may be listed in multiple functional classes except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  eicosanoids 
B)  epinephrine 
C)  prostaglandins 
D)  acetylcholine 
A)  eicosanoids 
B)  epinephrine 
C)  prostaglandins 
D)  acetylcholine

Question 5

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description.
-Neuropeptide

Accepted Answer

A) Chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones 
B) Chemicals that act locally on nearby cells 
C) Chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal 
D) Influences same cell type from which it is secreted 
E) Chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissues 
A) Chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones 
B) Chemicals that act locally on nearby cells 
C) Chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal 
D) Influences same cell type from which it is secreted 
E) Chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissues

Question 6

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description.
-Neurotransmitter
A)Chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones
B)Chemicals that act locally on nearby cells
C)Chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal
D)Influences same cell type from which it is secreted
E)Chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissues

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the chemical signal with the appropriate...

Question 7

When a few intracellular mediator molecules activate several enzymes, and each of these activated enzymes activate still other enzymes, the hormone has initiated ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a cascade effect 
B)  a double loop effect 
C)  a protein kinase effect 
D)  a cyclic effect 
E)  a negative feedback cycle 
A)  a cascade effect 
B)  a double loop effect 
C)  a protein kinase effect 
D)  a cyclic effect 
E)  a negative feedback cycle

Question 8

Which of the following statements regarding hormone transport and distribution is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only free hormones can diffuse through capillary walls and bind to target tissues. 
B)  Hormones can be transported free in the plasma or bound to plasma proteins. 
C)  Plasma protein concentration has no influence on free hormone concentration. 
D)  Hormones bind only to certain types of plasma proteins. 
E)  All of the statements are true. 
A)  Only free hormones can diffuse through capillary walls and bind to target tissues. 
B)  Hormones can be transported free in the plasma or bound to plasma proteins. 
C)  Plasma protein concentration has no influence on free hormone concentration. 
D)  Hormones bind only to certain types of plasma proteins. 
E)  All of the statements are true.

Question 9

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-Cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP involved

Accepted Answer

A) Nuclear receptor model 
B) Membrane-bound receptor model 
A) Nuclear receptor model 
B) Membrane-bound receptor model

Question 10

All of the following are water-soluble hormones except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  growth hormone 
B)  insulin 
C)  thyrotropin-releasing hormone 
D)  thyroid-stimulating hormone 
E)  thyroid hormone 
A)  growth hormone 
B)  insulin 
C)  thyrotropin-releasing hormone 
D)  thyroid-stimulating hormone 
E)  thyroid hormone

Question 11

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-Used by most lipid-soluble hormones
A)Nuclear receptor model
B)Membrane-bound receptor model

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the description with the type of...

Question 12

Which pattern of hormone secretion, often observed in steroid reproductive hormones, will fluctuate over a monthly cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acute hormone secretion 
B)  Episodic hormone secretion 
C)  Long-term hormone secretion 
D)  Chronic hormone secretion 
A)  Acute hormone secretion 
B)  Episodic hormone secretion 
C)  Long-term hormone secretion 
D)  Chronic hormone secretion

Question 13

Emily is in labor with her first child. The amplitude-modulated system would show her oxytocin levels ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  to have a weak signal 
B)  to have a moderate signal 
C)  to have a strong signal 
D)  too weak to measure 
A)  to have a weak signal 
B)  to have a moderate signal 
C)  to have a strong signal 
D)  too weak to measure

Question 14

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-Generally observe a latent period

Accepted Answer

A) Nuclear receptor model 
B) Membrane-bound receptor model 
A) Nuclear receptor model 
B) Membrane-bound receptor model

Question 15

Thyroid hormones (TH) normally travel in the blood both free and bound to TH-binding proteins. What would you expect to see in the blood work of a patient who had a deficiency of TH-binding protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  Normal free TH levels and low bound TH levels 
B)  Low free TH levels and low bound TH levels 
C)  Low free TH levels and normal bound TH levels 
D)  Normal free TH levels and normal bound TH levels 
A)  Normal free TH levels and low bound TH levels 
B)  Low free TH levels and low bound TH levels 
C)  Low free TH levels and normal bound TH levels 
D)  Normal free TH levels and normal bound TH levels

Question 16

Secretion of the hormones ________ and ________ exemplify the pattern of chronic hormone secretion.

Accepted Answer

A)  epinephrine; norepinephrine 
B)  insulin; glucagon 
C)  calcitonin; PTH 
D)  estrogen; progesterone 
E)  thyrotropin; thyroxine 
A)  epinephrine; norepinephrine 
B)  insulin; glucagon 
C)  calcitonin; PTH 
D)  estrogen; progesterone 
E)  thyrotropin; thyroxine

Question 17

A chemical produced in a cell that activates specific processes in response to a hormone interaction with a membrane-bound receptor is referred to as a/an ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hormone response element 
B)  transcription factor 
C)  messenger RNA 
D)  intracellular mediator 
A)  hormone response element 
B)  transcription factor 
C)  messenger RNA 
D)  intracellular mediator

Question 18

How do most water-soluble hormones travel in the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

A)  Attached to proteins 
B)  Attached to carbohydrates 
C)  Attached to amino acids 
D)  As free hormones 
A)  Attached to proteins 
B)  Attached to carbohydrates 
C)  Attached to amino acids 
D)  As free hormones

Question 19

When a hormone binds to a membrane-bound receptor,

Accepted Answer

A)  membrane channels are destroyed. 
B)  cyclic GMP might be produced to act as an intracellular mediator. 
C)  the nucleus is phosphorylated to prevent G-protein activation. 
D)  messenger RNA is formed. 
E)  cellular DNA is altered. 
A)  membrane channels are destroyed. 
B)  cyclic GMP might be produced to act as an intracellular mediator. 
C)  the nucleus is phosphorylated to prevent G-protein activation. 
D)  messenger RNA is formed. 
E)  cellular DNA is altered.

Question 20

Which of the following illustrates acute hormone secretion most accurately?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood levels of hormone A are maintained constantly but increase regularly around meal times. 
B)  Blood levels of hormone B are maintained at constant levels at all times with very small deviations throughout a 24-hour period. 
C)  Blood levels of hormone C are relatively constant but will increase dramatically under some stressful situations but not as much under other stressful situations. 
A)  Blood levels of hormone A are maintained constantly but increase regularly around meal times. 
B)  Blood levels of hormone B are maintained at constant levels at all times with very small deviations throughout a 24-hour period. 
C)  Blood levels of hormone C are relatively constant but will increase dramatically under some stressful situations but not as much under other stressful situations.

Exam 17: Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

All of the following are characteristics of hormones except

Which type of chemical messenger will act locally on nearby cells?

In general, lipid-soluble hormones exhibit which type(s) of hormone secretion pattern(s)?

All of the following chemical messengers may be listed in multiple functional classes except ________.

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description. -Neuropeptide

When a few intracellular mediator molecules activate several enzymes, and each of these activated enzymes activate still other enzymes, the hormone has initiated ________.

Which of the following statements regarding hormone transport and distribution is FALSE?

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -Cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP involved

All of the following are water-soluble hormones except ________.

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -Used by most lipid-soluble hormones A)Nuclear receptor model B)Membrane-bound receptor model

Which pattern of hormone secretion, often observed in steroid reproductive hormones, will fluctuate over a monthly cycle?

Emily is in labor with her first child. The amplitude-modulated system would show her oxytocin levels ________.

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -Generally observe a latent period

Thyroid hormones (TH) normally travel in the blood both free and bound to TH-binding proteins. What would you expect to see in the blood work of a patient who had a deficiency of TH-binding protein?

Secretion of the hormones ________ and ________ exemplify the pattern of chronic hormone secretion.

A chemical produced in a cell that activates specific processes in response to a hormone interaction with a membrane-bound receptor is referred to as a/an ________.

How do most water-soluble hormones travel in the bloodstream?

When a hormone binds to a membrane-bound receptor,

Which of the following illustrates acute hormone secretion most accurately?

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The Chemical Basis of Life

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Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

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Secretion of the hormones and exemplify the pattern of chronic hormone secretion.