Question 1

Muscles and glands that are capable of producing a response when stimulated by motor neurons are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  aponeuroses 
B)  effectors 
C)  neuromodulators 
D)  receptors 
E)  sensory organs 
A)  aponeuroses 
B)  effectors 
C)  neuromodulators 
D)  receptors 
E)  sensory organs B

Question 2

The ventral root of a spinal nerve contains ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  only sensory fibers 
B)  only motor fibers 
C)  only afferent fibers 
D)  both sensory and motor fibers 
E)  a ganglion 
A)  only sensory fibers 
B)  only motor fibers 
C)  only afferent fibers 
D)  both sensory and motor fibers 
E)  a ganglion B

Question 3

The sensory root of a spinal nerve is also referred to as ________ root.

Accepted Answer

A)  anterior 
B)  dorsal 
C)  efferent 
D)  ventral 
E)  lateral 
A)  anterior 
B)  dorsal 
C)  efferent 
D)  ventral 
E)  lateral B

Question 4

Dennis has lost the ability to voluntarily raise his left arm due to damage to his spinal cord and associated nerves. Which of the following is a possible explanation for Dennis's symptom?

Accepted Answer

A)  One or more ventral roots in the cervical region of the spinal cord have been damaged. 
B)  One or more dorsal roots in the cervical region of the spinal cord have been damaged. 
C)  One or more ventral roots in the thoracic region of the spinal cord have been damaged. 
D)  One or more dorsal roots in the thoracic region of the spinal cord have been damaged. 
A)  One or more ventral roots in the cervical region of the spinal cord have been damaged. 
B)  One or more dorsal roots in the cervical region of the spinal cord have been damaged. 
C)  One or more ventral roots in the thoracic region of the spinal cord have been damaged. 
D)  One or more dorsal roots in the thoracic region of the spinal cord have been damaged.

Question 5

Sam is curling very heavy weights and suddenly drops them. Which reflex forced this action by Sam to prevent tendon damage?

Accepted Answer

A)  Muscle spindle reflex 
B)  Golgi tendon reflex 
C)  Gamma motor reflex 
D)  Withdrawal reflex 
E)  Alpha motor neuron reflex 
A)  Muscle spindle reflex 
B)  Golgi tendon reflex 
C)  Gamma motor reflex 
D)  Withdrawal reflex 
E)  Alpha motor neuron reflex

Question 6

The spinal cord

Accepted Answer

A)  controls the reticular activating system. 
B)  stores reflexive memory. 
C)  forms memory engrams. 
D)  links the peripheral nervous system to the brain. 
E)  is characterized by conscious activity. 
A)  controls the reticular activating system. 
B)  stores reflexive memory. 
C)  forms memory engrams. 
D)  links the peripheral nervous system to the brain. 
E)  is characterized by conscious activity.

Question 7

A physician must administer an anesthesia directly to the CNS via the vertebral column. How many layers of the meninges must be punctured to do so?

Accepted Answer

A)  Two layers to introduce the anesthesia to the subarachnoid space 
B)  None to introduce the anesthesia to the epidural space 
C)  One layer to introduce the anesthesia to the subarachnoid space 
D)  Three to introduce the anesthesia directly to the spinal cord 
A)  Two layers to introduce the anesthesia to the subarachnoid space 
B)  None to introduce the anesthesia to the epidural space 
C)  One layer to introduce the anesthesia to the subarachnoid space 
D)  Three to introduce the anesthesia directly to the spinal cord

Question 8

-Label component "E" of the reflex arc.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensory receptor 
B)  Effector organ 
C)  Sensory neuron 
D)  Motor neuron 
E)  Interneuron 
A)  Sensory receptor 
B)  Effector organ 
C)  Sensory neuron 
D)  Motor neuron 
E)  Interneuron

Question 9

Using the biceps brachii to flex the forearm requires innervation by the ________ nerve.

Accepted Answer

A)  radial 
B)  musculocutaneous 
C)  ulnar 
D)  median 
E)  axillary 
A)  radial 
B)  musculocutaneous 
C)  ulnar 
D)  median 
E)  axillary

Question 10

In the spinal cord, white matter is organized into

Accepted Answer

A)  horns and the gray matter into columns. 
B)  horns and the gray matter into roots. 
C)  columns and the gray matter into horns. 
D)  columns and the gray matter into tracts. 
A)  horns and the gray matter into columns. 
B)  horns and the gray matter into roots. 
C)  columns and the gray matter into horns. 
D)  columns and the gray matter into tracts.

Question 11

Gamma motor neurons

Accepted Answer

A)  are located in tendons. 
B)  transmit action potentials to skeletal muscle. 
C)  regulate the sensitivity of the muscle spindle. 
D)  enable the brain to perceive that a muscle has been stretched. 
E)  innervate the whole muscle. 
A)  are located in tendons. 
B)  transmit action potentials to skeletal muscle. 
C)  regulate the sensitivity of the muscle spindle. 
D)  enable the brain to perceive that a muscle has been stretched. 
E)  innervate the whole muscle.

Question 12

Match the nerve to the correct function.
-Radial nerve

Accepted Answer

A)  Provides motor innervation to the biceps brachii 
B)  Innervates two forearm muscles plus most of the intrinsic hand muscles 
C)  Innervates all but one of the flexor muscles of the forearm and most of the hand muscles near the thumb 
D)  Innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles 
E)  Innervates the triceps brachii 
A)  Provides motor innervation to the biceps brachii 
B)  Innervates two forearm muscles plus most of the intrinsic hand muscles 
C)  Innervates all but one of the flexor muscles of the forearm and most of the hand muscles near the thumb 
D)  Innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles 
E)  Innervates the triceps brachii

Question 13

-The figure illustrates a cross section of the spinal cord. Which structure is indicated by "C"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Central canal 
B)  Ventral root 
C)  Dorsal root ganglion 
D)  Spinal nerve 
E)  Dorsal root 
A)  Central canal 
B)  Ventral root 
C)  Dorsal root ganglion 
D)  Spinal nerve 
E)  Dorsal root

Question 14

The muscles of the back contract to straighten so that you sit at a more erect posture and subsequently the muscles are suddenly stretched as you nod off. Which of the following best represents the sequence of events when you start to nod off?
(1) Muscles of the back are stretched.
(2) The muscle spindle is stretched.
(3) Action potentials in sensory neurons of the muscle spindles increase.
(4) Action potentials in alpha motor neurons of skeletal muscle fibers increase.
(5) Skeletal muscle of the back contract.

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
B)  1, 5, 2, 3, 4 
C)  1, 5, 3, 2, 4 
D)  5, 2, 3, 4, 1 
E)  4, 5, 3, 2, 1 
A)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
B)  1, 5, 2, 3, 4 
C)  1, 5, 3, 2, 4 
D)  5, 2, 3, 4, 1 
E)  4, 5, 3, 2, 1

Question 15

The endoneurium

Accepted Answer

A)  surrounds nerve cell bodies. 
B)  surrounds individual axons and their Schwann cells. 
C)  bundles axons into fascicles. 
D)  bundles fascicles into nerves. 
E)  surrounds nerve tracts in the spinal cord. 
A)  surrounds nerve cell bodies. 
B)  surrounds individual axons and their Schwann cells. 
C)  bundles axons into fascicles. 
D)  bundles fascicles into nerves. 
E)  surrounds nerve tracts in the spinal cord.

Question 16

The largest nerve in the body is the ________ nerve.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The largest nerve in the body is...

Question 17

Damage to the phrenic nerve would result in

Accepted Answer

A)  the loss of motor activity in the arms. 
B)  an increased heart rate. 
C)  an inability to swallow. 
D)  difficulty breathing. 
E)  a decreased heart rate. 
A)  the loss of motor activity in the arms. 
B)  an increased heart rate. 
C)  an inability to swallow. 
D)  difficulty breathing. 
E)  a decreased heart rate.

Question 18

Match the action with the specific reflex.
-A reflex that helps prevent falls

Accepted Answer

A)  Stretch reflex 
B)  Golgi tendon reflex 
C)  Withdrawal reflex 
D)  Crossed extensor reflex 
E)  Reciprocal innervation 
A)  Stretch reflex 
B)  Golgi tendon reflex 
C)  Withdrawal reflex 
D)  Crossed extensor reflex 
E)  Reciprocal innervation

Question 19

The middle, thin, spider-like meninx is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  dura mater 
B)  pia mater 
C)  ecto mater 
D)  arachnoid mater 
A)  dura mater 
B)  pia mater 
C)  ecto mater 
D)  arachnoid mater

Question 20

Match the disorder with its description.
-Sciatica

Accepted Answer

A)  Pain radiating down the back of the thigh and leg 
B)  Stiffness in the neck and headache 
C)  Inflammation of a nerve 
D)  Pain along a nerve tract 
E)  Loss of sensation 
A)  Pain radiating down the back of the thigh and leg 
B)  Stiffness in the neck and headache 
C)  Inflammation of a nerve 
D)  Pain along a nerve tract 
E)  Loss of sensation

Exam 12: Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Muscles and glands that are capable of producing a response when stimulated by motor neurons are called ________.

The ventral root of a spinal nerve contains ________.

The sensory root of a spinal nerve is also referred to as ________ root.

Dennis has lost the ability to voluntarily raise his left arm due to damage to his spinal cord and associated nerves. Which of the following is a possible explanation for Dennis's symptom?

Sam is curling very heavy weights and suddenly drops them. Which reflex forced this action by Sam to prevent tendon damage?

The spinal cord

A physician must administer an anesthesia directly to the CNS via the vertebral column. How many layers of the meninges must be punctured to do so?

-Label component "E" of the reflex arc.

Using the biceps brachii to flex the forearm requires innervation by the ________ nerve.

In the spinal cord, white matter is organized into

Gamma motor neurons

Match the nerve to the correct function. -Radial nerve

-The figure illustrates a cross section of the spinal cord. Which structure is indicated by "C"?

The endoneurium

The largest nerve in the body is the ________ nerve.

Damage to the phrenic nerve would result in

Match the action with the specific reflex. -A reflex that helps prevent falls

The middle, thin, spider-like meninx is the ________.

Match the disorder with its description. -Sciatica

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joint and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

Filters