Question 1

Which of the following statements concerning the structure of spinal nerves is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ventral root contains motor or efferent fibers. 
B)  The ventral root has a prominent root ganglion. 
C)  Rootlets from the surface of the spinal cord form the dorsal and ventral rami. 
D)  Each spinal nerve is formed by the union of a cranial nerve and a spinal nerve. 
E)  Spinal nerves do not have specific cutaneous distributions. 
A)  The ventral root contains motor or efferent fibers. 
B)  The ventral root has a prominent root ganglion. 
C)  Rootlets from the surface of the spinal cord form the dorsal and ventral rami. 
D)  Each spinal nerve is formed by the union of a cranial nerve and a spinal nerve. 
E)  Spinal nerves do not have specific cutaneous distributions.

Question 2

-Label component "A" of the reflex arc.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensory receptor 
B)  Effector organ 
C)  Sensory neuron 
D)  Motor neuron 
E)  Interneuron 
A)  Sensory receptor 
B)  Effector organ 
C)  Sensory neuron 
D)  Motor neuron 
E)  Interneuron

Question 3

In the patellar tendon reflex arc, the patellar ligament is stretched, which stretches the quadriceps femoris muscle of the thigh. This reflex will cause the quadriceps femoris to ________ and the hamstrings to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  contract; relax 
B)  contract; contract 
C)  relax; contract 
D)  relax; relax 
A)  contract; relax 
B)  contract; contract 
C)  relax; contract 
D)  relax; relax

Question 4

Cutaneous sensory distribution of a spinal nerve can be mapped as a ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cutaneous sensory distribution of a spinal nerve...

Question 5

Which of the following best differentiates between the endoneurium and myelin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Endoneurium is more complex because it is composed of connective tissue; whereas myelin is composed of individual cells. 
B)  Myelin is more complex as it is composed of multiple cells surrounding a neuron; whereas the endoneurium is simply connective tissue. 
C)  Myelin and endoneurium are essentially the same thing, a connective tissue covering surrounding axons of neurons. 
D)  Myelin is composed of epithelial tissue, while endoneurium is composed of connective tissue. 
A)  Endoneurium is more complex because it is composed of connective tissue; whereas myelin is composed of individual cells. 
B)  Myelin is more complex as it is composed of multiple cells surrounding a neuron; whereas the endoneurium is simply connective tissue. 
C)  Myelin and endoneurium are essentially the same thing, a connective tissue covering surrounding axons of neurons. 
D)  Myelin is composed of epithelial tissue, while endoneurium is composed of connective tissue.

Question 6

-The figure illustrates a cross section of the spinal cord. Which structure is indicated by "D"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Central canal 
B)  Ventral root 
C)  Dorsal root ganglion 
D)  Spinal nerve 
E)  Dorsal root 
A)  Central canal 
B)  Ventral root 
C)  Dorsal root ganglion 
D)  Spinal nerve 
E)  Dorsal root

Question 7

During a spinal tap, cerebrospinal fluid is obtained from which of the following locations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dural sinus 
B)  Epidural space 
C)  Subarachnoid space 
D)  Subdural space 
E)  Sagittal sinus 
A)  Dural sinus 
B)  Epidural space 
C)  Subarachnoid space 
D)  Subdural space 
E)  Sagittal sinus

Question 8

Spinal nerves C5-T1 make up the ________ plexus.

Accepted Answer

A)  sacral 
B)  lumbar 
C)  brachial 
D)  cervical 
E)  radial 
A)  sacral 
B)  lumbar 
C)  brachial 
D)  cervical 
E)  radial

Question 9

Which of the following is not a function associated with the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protect neurons in both the ascending and descending tracts 
B)  Mediate a reflex, such as the withdrawal of a hand from pain 
C)  Conduct sensory information up to the brain 
D)  Conduct motor information down the cord 
E)  Coordinate the alternating contraction of several muscle groups associated with locomotion 
A)  Protect neurons in both the ascending and descending tracts 
B)  Mediate a reflex, such as the withdrawal of a hand from pain 
C)  Conduct sensory information up to the brain 
D)  Conduct motor information down the cord 
E)  Coordinate the alternating contraction of several muscle groups associated with locomotion

Question 10

When a person sits on a hard surface for a period of time, his foot or leg may "go to sleep." This sensation is the result of compressing the ________ nerve.

Accepted Answer

A)  femoral 
B)  sciatic 
C)  obturator 
D)  pudendal 
E)  ulnar 
A)  femoral 
B)  sciatic 
C)  obturator 
D)  pudendal 
E)  ulnar

Question 11

Damage to which of these nerves would be most life-threatening?

Accepted Answer

A)  Median nerves 
B)  Phrenic nerves 
C)  Lumbar nerves 
D)  Sciatic nerves 
E)  Radial nerves 
A)  Median nerves 
B)  Phrenic nerves 
C)  Lumbar nerves 
D)  Sciatic nerves 
E)  Radial nerves

Question 12

Which of the following would explain the loss of certain sensations from the skin of the posterior region of the upper limb?

Accepted Answer

A)  One or more ventral roots in the cervical region of the spinal cord have been damaged. 
B)  One or more dorsal roots in the cervical region of the spinal cord have been damaged. 
C)  One or more ventral roots in the thoracic region of the spinal cord have been damaged. 
D)  One or more dorsal roots in the thoracic region of the spinal cord have been damaged. 
A)  One or more ventral roots in the cervical region of the spinal cord have been damaged. 
B)  One or more dorsal roots in the cervical region of the spinal cord have been damaged. 
C)  One or more ventral roots in the thoracic region of the spinal cord have been damaged. 
D)  One or more dorsal roots in the thoracic region of the spinal cord have been damaged.

Question 13

-The figure illustrates a cross section of the spinal cord. Which structure is indicated by "E"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Central canal 
B)  Ventral root 
C)  Dorsal root ganglion 
D)  Spinal nerve 
E)  Dorsal root 
A)  Central canal 
B)  Ventral root 
C)  Dorsal root ganglion 
D)  Spinal nerve 
E)  Dorsal root

Question 14

Which reflex shows the least synaptic delay?

Accepted Answer

A)  A polysynaptic reflex 
B)  The cross extension reflex 
C)  The withdrawal reflex 
D)  The flexor reflex 
E)  The Golgi tendon reflex 
A)  A polysynaptic reflex 
B)  The cross extension reflex 
C)  The withdrawal reflex 
D)  The flexor reflex 
E)  The Golgi tendon reflex

Question 15

Match the action with the specific reflex.
-Partially responsible for a weight lifter suddenly dropping a weight that is too heavy

Accepted Answer

A)  Stretch reflex 
B)  Golgi tendon reflex 
C)  Withdrawal reflex 
D)  Crossed extensor reflex 
E)  Reciprocal innervation 
A)  Stretch reflex 
B)  Golgi tendon reflex 
C)  Withdrawal reflex 
D)  Crossed extensor reflex 
E)  Reciprocal innervation

Question 16

-What does "D" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spinal nerves 
B)  Conus medullaris 
C)  Cervical enlargement 
D)  Filium terminale 
E)  Cauda equina 
A)  Spinal nerves 
B)  Conus medullaris 
C)  Cervical enlargement 
D)  Filium terminale 
E)  Cauda equina

Question 17

Which of the following statements concerning structures of the spinal cord is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The dorsal root of the spinal cord conveys sensory (afferent) nerve impulses to the spinal cord. 
B)  The posterior horn of the cord contains the cell bodies of motor neurons. 
C)  The ventral root is formed by the axons of neurons in the lateral and anterior horns. 
D)  The dorsal and ventral roots unite to form spinal nerves. 
E)  The ventral root of the spinal cord conveys motor (efferent) nerve impulses away from the spinal cord. 
A)  The dorsal root of the spinal cord conveys sensory (afferent) nerve impulses to the spinal cord. 
B)  The posterior horn of the cord contains the cell bodies of motor neurons. 
C)  The ventral root is formed by the axons of neurons in the lateral and anterior horns. 
D)  The dorsal and ventral roots unite to form spinal nerves. 
E)  The ventral root of the spinal cord conveys motor (efferent) nerve impulses away from the spinal cord.

Question 18

There are ________ cervical spinal nerves.

Accepted Answer

A)  eight 
B)  twelve 
C)  six 
D)  five 
E)  fourteen 
A)  eight 
B)  twelve 
C)  six 
D)  five 
E)  fourteen

Question 19

If you pinch your index finger in a door, pain sensations are carried via the ________ nerve.

Accepted Answer

A)  radial 
B)  median 
C)  axillary 
D)  musculocutaneous 
E)  ulnar 
A)  radial 
B)  median 
C)  axillary 
D)  musculocutaneous 
E)  ulnar

Question 20

Because the stretch reflexes can be traced back along certain spinal nerve routes,

Accepted Answer

A)  they are not used in diagnosis of brain potential brain damage. 
B)  they are only useful for diagnosis if there has been damage to the spinal cord. 
C)  they are helpful when determining at what level of the spinal cord damage may have occurred. 
D)  they are only helpful when diagnosing problems in the extremities. 
E)  they are only helpful if the patient is conscious. 
A)  they are not used in diagnosis of brain potential brain damage. 
B)  they are only useful for diagnosis if there has been damage to the spinal cord. 
C)  they are helpful when determining at what level of the spinal cord damage may have occurred. 
D)  they are only helpful when diagnosing problems in the extremities. 
E)  they are only helpful if the patient is conscious.

Exam 12: Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Which of the following statements concerning the structure of spinal nerves is true?

-Label component "A" of the reflex arc.

In the patellar tendon reflex arc, the patellar ligament is stretched, which stretches the quadriceps femoris muscle of the thigh. This reflex will cause the quadriceps femoris to ________ and the hamstrings to ________.

Cutaneous sensory distribution of a spinal nerve can be mapped as a ________.

Which of the following best differentiates between the endoneurium and myelin?

-The figure illustrates a cross section of the spinal cord. Which structure is indicated by "D"?

During a spinal tap, cerebrospinal fluid is obtained from which of the following locations?

Spinal nerves C5-T1 make up the ________ plexus.

Which of the following is not a function associated with the spinal cord?

When a person sits on a hard surface for a period of time, his foot or leg may "go to sleep." This sensation is the result of compressing the ________ nerve.

Damage to which of these nerves would be most life-threatening?

Which of the following would explain the loss of certain sensations from the skin of the posterior region of the upper limb?

-The figure illustrates a cross section of the spinal cord. Which structure is indicated by "E"?

Which reflex shows the least synaptic delay?

Match the action with the specific reflex. -Partially responsible for a weight lifter suddenly dropping a weight that is too heavy

-What does "D" represent?

Which of the following statements concerning structures of the spinal cord is false?

There are ________ cervical spinal nerves.

If you pinch your index finger in a door, pain sensations are carried via the ________ nerve.

Because the stretch reflexes can be traced back along certain spinal nerve routes,

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In the patellar tendon reflex arc, the patellar ligament is stretched, which stretches the quadriceps femoris muscle of the thigh. This reflex will cause the quadriceps femoris to and the hamstrings to .