Question 1

Which of the following statements accurately describes the difference between associative and nonassociative learning?

Accepted Answer

A) Associative learning requires consciously linking two events together, whereas nonassociative learning does not. 
B) Associative learning requires both cognition and behavior, whereas nonassociative learning requires only behavior. 
C) Associative learning occurs with multiple stimuli, whereas nonassociative learning occurs with only one stimulus. 
D) Associative learning can generalize to other contexts, whereas nonassociative learning cannot. 
A) Associative learning requires consciously linking two events together, whereas nonassociative learning does not. 
B) Associative learning requires both cognition and behavior, whereas nonassociative learning requires only behavior. 
C) Associative learning occurs with multiple stimuli, whereas nonassociative learning occurs with only one stimulus. 
D) Associative learning can generalize to other contexts, whereas nonassociative learning cannot. C

Question 2

Hummingbirds feed on a schedule because they revisit each flower at specific times of the day to get the sweetest nectar.

Accepted Answer

A) timed 
B) operant 
C) interval 
D) relaxed 
A) timed 
B) operant 
C) interval 
D) relaxed C

Question 3

As discussed in the text, Bandura's study of children's play habits with the "Bobo" doll provided evidence that

Accepted Answer

A) learning is dependent on consequences. 
B) meme-based learning can be transmitted observationally. 
C) aggressive behavior can be learned through observation. 
D) intracranial self-stimulation can activate reward circuits. 
A) learning is dependent on consequences. 
B) meme-based learning can be transmitted observationally. 
C) aggressive behavior can be learned through observation. 
D) intracranial self-stimulation can activate reward circuits. C

Question 4

Navario is refusing to do his homework because he wants to go out to play.His mother tells him he is not allowed to play until his homework is finished.His mother is using

Accepted Answer

A) positive punishment. 
B) biological preparedness. 
C) the Premack principle. 
D) the principle of shaping. 
A) positive punishment. 
B) biological preparedness. 
C) the Premack principle. 
D) the principle of shaping.

Question 5

In what technique are successive approximations used?

Accepted Answer

A) shaping 
B) taste aversion 
C) extinction 
D) punishment 
A) shaping 
B) taste aversion 
C) extinction 
D) punishment

Question 6

Learning that takes place in the absence of reinforcement is known as

Accepted Answer

A) economic learning. 
B) nonoperant conditioning. 
C) cognitive acquisition. 
D) latent learning. 
A) economic learning. 
B) nonoperant conditioning. 
C) cognitive acquisition. 
D) latent learning.

Question 7

Imagine a conditioned stimulus CS) and an unconditioned stimulus US) are paired 10 times until the association strength in the Rescorla-Wagner model reaches 1.0 "units." The CS is then presented 5 times on its own.Which of the following is the most plausible value for the final association strength between the CS and US?

Accepted Answer

A) -0.5 units 
B) 0 units 
C) 0.5 units 
D) 1.0 unit 
A) -0.5 units 
B) 0 units 
C) 0.5 units 
D) 1.0 unit

Question 8

What is an unconditioned response?

Accepted Answer

A) a learned pairing between two stimuli 
B) a nervous system reflex 
C) an unlearned, automatic behavior following a stimulus 
D) an increase in behavior following repeated exposure to a stimulus 
A) a learned pairing between two stimuli 
B) a nervous system reflex 
C) an unlearned, automatic behavior following a stimulus 
D) an increase in behavior following repeated exposure to a stimulus

Question 9

Aldo cannot get the answer to a chemistry problem, even after sitting at his desk for an hour.He gets up and goes for a walk.Suddenly, the answer comes to him, even though he appears to have stopped thinking about it for a while.This phenomenon is called learning.

Accepted Answer

A) insight 
B) latent 
C) cognitive map 
D) extinction 
A) insight 
B) latent 
C) cognitive map 
D) extinction

Question 10

Watson's study of Little Albert was one of the first studies on what clinical phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A) overeating 
B) phobias 
C) OCD 
D) ADHD 
A) overeating 
B) phobias 
C) OCD 
D) ADHD

Question 11

Who founded the school of behaviorism?

Accepted Answer

A) Skinner 
B) Watson 
C) Pavlov 
D) Bandura 
A) Skinner 
B) Watson 
C) Pavlov 
D) Bandura

Question 12

What is a Skinner box?

Accepted Answer

A) a diagram of reward contingencies 
B) a special crib-like device Skinner used for his children 
C) a special kind of rat maze 
D) a chamber used for testing animal learning 
A) a diagram of reward contingencies 
B) a special crib-like device Skinner used for his children 
C) a special kind of rat maze 
D) a chamber used for testing animal learning

Question 13

You are conducting an informal study in which, for a month, you play a particular song for your best friend right before you serve dinner to her.Eventually, you play the song, and then wait to see how your friend responds.She begins to salivate and says she has hunger pains.In this scenario, what is the conditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A) the song 
B) the food 
C) the time of day 
D) salivation 
A) the song 
B) the food 
C) the time of day 
D) salivation

Question 14

Dr.Shaw has a patient with a phobia to spiders.The patient enjoys doing puzzles.Dr.Shaw exposes the patient to spiders briefly while having the patient complete a fun puzzle.What technique is Dr.Shaw using?

Accepted Answer

A) fear conditioning 
B) modeling 
C) systematic desensitization 
D) counterconditioning 
A) fear conditioning 
B) modeling 
C) systematic desensitization 
D) counterconditioning

Question 15

Monkeys are easily conditioned to fear snakes.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) extinction. 
B) context-induced conditioning. 
C) biological preparedness. 
D) the law of effect. 
A) extinction. 
B) context-induced conditioning. 
C) biological preparedness. 
D) the law of effect.

Question 16

Which of the following is a learned behavior rather than a biological constraint?

Accepted Answer

A) an ant following a food trail through a maze 
B) a horse rearing up in order to receive a carrot 
C) a raccoon picking up and rubbing a coin 
D) a pigeon flapping its wings in response to a loud noise 
A) an ant following a food trail through a maze 
B) a horse rearing up in order to receive a carrot 
C) a raccoon picking up and rubbing a coin 
D) a pigeon flapping its wings in response to a loud noise

Question 17

According to the textbook, which of the following is a good metaphor for learning in young children?

Accepted Answer

A) Young children are like sponges; they absorb everything that goes on around them. 
B) Young children are like Pavlov's dogs; they are motivated by food and easy to train. 
C) Young children are like dopamine neurons; they are very sensitive to predictions and expectations. 
D) Young children are like a blank chalkboard; they can easily record and erase new information. 
A) Young children are like sponges; they absorb everything that goes on around them. 
B) Young children are like Pavlov's dogs; they are motivated by food and easy to train. 
C) Young children are like dopamine neurons; they are very sensitive to predictions and expectations. 
D) Young children are like a blank chalkboard; they can easily record and erase new information.

Question 18

What is a conditioned response?

Accepted Answer

A) an innate response 
B) a response that has been learned 
C) an automatic response 
D) a reflex 
A) an innate response 
B) a response that has been learned 
C) an automatic response 
D) a reflex

Question 19

According to Watson, children are born as a blank slate, or tabula rasa.Which of the following characteristics should a child then possess from birth?

Accepted Answer

A) the potential for cognition, but not the experiences necessary to use thought productively 
B) basic reflexes through which he or she can have sensory experiences 
C) associations between action and effect 
D) the ability to free associate through nonverbal response 
A) the potential for cognition, but not the experiences necessary to use thought productively 
B) basic reflexes through which he or she can have sensory experiences 
C) associations between action and effect 
D) the ability to free associate through nonverbal response

Question 20

In order for Pavlovian learning to occur, the conditioned stimulus must be paired with an) .

Accepted Answer

A) unconditioned response 
B) conditioned response 
C) unconditioned stimulus 
D) consequence 
A) unconditioned response 
B) conditioned response 
C) unconditioned stimulus 
D) consequence

Which of the following statements accurately describes the difference between associative and nonassociative learning?

Hummingbirds feed on a schedule because they revisit each flower at specific times of the day to get the sweetest nectar.

As discussed in the text, Bandura's study of children's play habits with the "Bobo" doll provided evidence that

Navario is refusing to do his homework because he wants to go out to play.His mother tells him he is not allowed to play until his homework is finished.His mother is using

In what technique are successive approximations used?

Learning that takes place in the absence of reinforcement is known as

What is an unconditioned response?

Aldo cannot get the answer to a chemistry problem, even after sitting at his desk for an hour.He gets up and goes for a walk.Suddenly, the answer comes to him, even though he appears to have stopped thinking about it for a while.This phenomenon is called learning.

Watson's study of Little Albert was one of the first studies on what clinical phenomenon?

Who founded the school of behaviorism?

What is a Skinner box?

Dr.Shaw has a patient with a phobia to spiders.The patient enjoys doing puzzles.Dr.Shaw exposes the patient to spiders briefly while having the patient complete a fun puzzle.What technique is Dr.Shaw using?

Monkeys are easily conditioned to fear snakes.This is an example of

Which of the following is a learned behavior rather than a biological constraint?

According to the textbook, which of the following is a good metaphor for learning in young children?

What is a conditioned response?

According to Watson, children are born as a blank slate, or tabula rasa.Which of the following characteristics should a child then possess from birth?

In order for Pavlovian learning to occur, the conditioned stimulus must be paired with an) .

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Exam 6: Learning

Which of the following statements accurately describes the difference between associative and nonassociative learning?

Hummingbirds feed on a schedule because they revisit each flower at specific times of the day to get the sweetest nectar.

As discussed in the text, Bandura's study of children's play habits with the "Bobo" doll provided evidence that

Navario is refusing to do his homework because he wants to go out to play.His mother tells him he is not allowed to play until his homework is finished.His mother is using

In what technique are successive approximations used?

Learning that takes place in the absence of reinforcement is known as

What is an unconditioned response?

Aldo cannot get the answer to a chemistry problem, even after sitting at his desk for an hour.He gets up and goes for a walk.Suddenly, the answer comes to him, even though he appears to have stopped thinking about it for a while.This phenomenon is called learning.

Watson's study of Little Albert was one of the first studies on what clinical phenomenon?

Who founded the school of behaviorism?

What is a Skinner box?

Dr.Shaw has a patient with a phobia to spiders.The patient enjoys doing puzzles.Dr.Shaw exposes the patient to spiders briefly while having the patient complete a fun puzzle.What technique is Dr.Shaw using?

Monkeys are easily conditioned to fear snakes.This is an example of

Which of the following is a learned behavior rather than a biological constraint?

According to the textbook, which of the following is a good metaphor for learning in young children?

What is a conditioned response?

According to Watson, children are born as a blank slate, or tabula rasa.Which of the following characteristics should a child then possess from birth?

In order for Pavlovian learning to occur, the conditioned stimulus must be paired with an) .

The Science of Psychology

Research Methodology

Biology and Behaviour

Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Memory

Thinking, Language and Intelligence

Human Development

Emotion and Motivation

Health and Wellbeing

Social Psychology

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters