Question 1

What is a conditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A) something that naturally elicits a response 
B) something that elicits a response only after learning 
C) a previously extinct stimulus 
D) a second-order pairing of learned relations 
A) something that naturally elicits a response 
B) something that elicits a response only after learning 
C) a previously extinct stimulus 
D) a second-order pairing of learned relations

Question 2

Of the following, which schedule of reinforcement leads to fastest acquisition?

Accepted Answer

A) ratio 
B) interval 
C) continuous 
D) fixed 
A) ratio 
B) interval 
C) continuous 
D) fixed

Question 3

Which of the following falls outside of our current concept of learning?

Accepted Answer

A) changes in behavior 
B) consequences of actions 
C) associations between events 
D) development 
A) changes in behavior 
B) consequences of actions 
C) associations between events 
D) development

Question 4

The Rescorla-Wagner model states that the strength of the conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus association depends on how the unconditioned stimulus is.

Accepted Answer

A) rewarding 
B) evolutionarily significant 
C) fearful 
D) unexpected 
A) rewarding 
B) evolutionarily significant 
C) fearful 
D) unexpected

Question 5

Why is B.F.Skinner's dream of solving all social problems through operant conditioning impossible?

Accepted Answer

A) Biology places constraints on our learning. 
B) Operant conditioning is not effective for learning. 
C) Operant conditioning does not apply to social learning. 
D) Operant conditioning does not take into account learning from classical conditioning. 
A) Biology places constraints on our learning. 
B) Operant conditioning is not effective for learning. 
C) Operant conditioning does not apply to social learning. 
D) Operant conditioning does not take into account learning from classical conditioning.

Question 6

The school of behaviorism was based on the belief that

Accepted Answer

A) everything in the environment is learned by all living organisms. 
B) animals and humans are born with the potential to learn just about anything. 
C) behavior is conditioned, unlike cognitions of the mind. 
D) animals learn via behavioral principles, whereas humans learn via cognitive principles. 
A) everything in the environment is learned by all living organisms. 
B) animals and humans are born with the potential to learn just about anything. 
C) behavior is conditioned, unlike cognitions of the mind. 
D) animals learn via behavioral principles, whereas humans learn via cognitive principles.

Question 7

The neurotransmitter that is most important for reinforcement learning is

Accepted Answer

A) serotonin. 
B) glutamate. 
C) dopamine. 
D) norepinephrine. 
A) serotonin. 
B) glutamate. 
C) dopamine. 
D) norepinephrine.

Question 8

You watch a news report about a crime that occurred in a certain neighborhood and become fearful when you next visit that neighborhood.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) Pavlovian conditioning. 
B) operant conditioning. 
C) observational learning. 
D) the promotion of violence by the media. 
A) Pavlovian conditioning. 
B) operant conditioning. 
C) observational learning. 
D) the promotion of violence by the media.

Question 9

Of the following, which schedule of reinforcement leads to fastest extinction?

Accepted Answer

A) fixed 
B) partial 
C) interval 
D) continuous 
A) fixed 
B) partial 
C) interval 
D) continuous

Question 10

The fact that Little Albert learned fear toward not only a white rat but also a ball of wool and a rabbit represents

Accepted Answer

A) second-order conditioning. 
B) generalization. 
C) discrimination. 
D) reconditioning. 
A) second-order conditioning. 
B) generalization. 
C) discrimination. 
D) reconditioning.

Question 11

What does the occurrence of spontaneous recovery tell you about the functional properties of extinction?

Accepted Answer

A) Extinction is a form of new learning, but it only inhibits rather than deletes the learned association between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus. 
B) Extinction is an adaptive response to delete spurious information from memory. 
C) Extinction is a useful tendency to try to readapt old learning strategies to novel problems. 
D) Extinction is the basis of cognitive learning when applied to new contexts. 
A) Extinction is a form of new learning, but it only inhibits rather than deletes the learned association between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus. 
B) Extinction is an adaptive response to delete spurious information from memory. 
C) Extinction is a useful tendency to try to readapt old learning strategies to novel problems. 
D) Extinction is the basis of cognitive learning when applied to new contexts.

Question 12

If having your license suspended for driving too fast makes you less likely to speed when you get it back, then the suspension is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) positive punishment. 
D) negative punishment. 
A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) positive punishment. 
D) negative punishment.

Question 13

In , learning occurs when two types of events are paired closely in time.

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning 
B) operant conditioning 
C) observational learning 
D) social learning 
A) classical conditioning 
B) operant conditioning 
C) observational learning 
D) social learning

Question 14

In the Rescorla-Wagner model, the more surprising the unconditional stimulus is, the greater the need for an organism to it using a conditioned stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A) forget 
B) extinguish 
C) predict 
D) reinforce 
A) forget 
B) extinguish 
C) predict 
D) reinforce

Question 15

Taking away a child's video games for bad behavior is a form of

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) positive punishment. 
D) negative punishment. 
A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) positive punishment. 
D) negative punishment.

Question 16

Primary reinforcers

Accepted Answer

A) come first in second-order conditioning. 
B) satisfy biological needs. 
C) are the first behaviors to be rewarded in shaping. 
D) represent symbolic value. 
A) come first in second-order conditioning. 
B) satisfy biological needs. 
C) are the first behaviors to be rewarded in shaping. 
D) represent symbolic value.

Question 17

In conditioning birds and rats, you find that it is easier to condition birds with vision-relevant stimuli than with taste-relevant stimuli, and it is easier to condition rats with taste-relevant stimuli than with vision-relevant stimuli.These results are true because

Accepted Answer

A) unlike rats, birds rely on vision more than taste for food selection. 
B) birds are the only species that lack the ability for learned food aversions. 
C) unlike rats, birds have no taste buds. 
D) birds and rats evolved separately. 
A) unlike rats, birds rely on vision more than taste for food selection. 
B) birds are the only species that lack the ability for learned food aversions. 
C) unlike rats, birds have no taste buds. 
D) birds and rats evolved separately.

Question 18

Eric Kandel's study of learning in invertebrate animals provided evidence for neuronal alteration during

Accepted Answer

A) habituation and sensitization. 
B) the fight-or-flight response. 
C) orienting and defensive reactions. 
D) receipt of reward or punishment. 
A) habituation and sensitization. 
B) the fight-or-flight response. 
C) orienting and defensive reactions. 
D) receipt of reward or punishment.

Question 19

What term is used to describe an increase in a behavioral response after exposure to a threatening stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A) habituation 
B) sensitization 
C) orienting 
D) aplysia 
A) habituation 
B) sensitization 
C) orienting 
D) aplysia

Question 20

Pavlovian conditioning is also referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) behavior modification. 
B) operant conditioning. 
C) classical conditioning. 
D) reward conditioning. 
A) behavior modification. 
B) operant conditioning. 
C) classical conditioning. 
D) reward conditioning.

What is a conditioned stimulus?

Of the following, which schedule of reinforcement leads to fastest acquisition?

Which of the following falls outside of our current concept of learning?

The Rescorla-Wagner model states that the strength of the conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus association depends on how the unconditioned stimulus is.

Why is B.F.Skinner's dream of solving all social problems through operant conditioning impossible?

The school of behaviorism was based on the belief that

The neurotransmitter that is most important for reinforcement learning is

You watch a news report about a crime that occurred in a certain neighborhood and become fearful when you next visit that neighborhood.This is an example of

Of the following, which schedule of reinforcement leads to fastest extinction?

The fact that Little Albert learned fear toward not only a white rat but also a ball of wool and a rabbit represents

What does the occurrence of spontaneous recovery tell you about the functional properties of extinction?

If having your license suspended for driving too fast makes you less likely to speed when you get it back, then the suspension is an example of

In , learning occurs when two types of events are paired closely in time.

In the Rescorla-Wagner model, the more surprising the unconditional stimulus is, the greater the need for an organism to it using a conditioned stimulus.

Taking away a child's video games for bad behavior is a form of

Primary reinforcers

In conditioning birds and rats, you find that it is easier to condition birds with vision-relevant stimuli than with taste-relevant stimuli, and it is easier to condition rats with taste-relevant stimuli than with vision-relevant stimuli.These results are true because

Eric Kandel's study of learning in invertebrate animals provided evidence for neuronal alteration during

What term is used to describe an increase in a behavioral response after exposure to a threatening stimulus?

Pavlovian conditioning is also referred to as

The Science of Psychology

Research Methodology

Biology and Behaviour

Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Memory

Thinking, Language and Intelligence

Human Development

Emotion and Motivation

Health and Wellbeing

Social Psychology

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

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Exam 6: Learning

What is a conditioned stimulus?

Of the following, which schedule of reinforcement leads to fastest acquisition?

Which of the following falls outside of our current concept of learning?

The Rescorla-Wagner model states that the strength of the conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus association depends on how the unconditioned stimulus is.

Why is B.F.Skinner's dream of solving all social problems through operant conditioning impossible?

The school of behaviorism was based on the belief that

The neurotransmitter that is most important for reinforcement learning is

You watch a news report about a crime that occurred in a certain neighborhood and become fearful when you next visit that neighborhood.This is an example of

Of the following, which schedule of reinforcement leads to fastest extinction?

The fact that Little Albert learned fear toward not only a white rat but also a ball of wool and a rabbit represents

What does the occurrence of spontaneous recovery tell you about the functional properties of extinction?

If having your license suspended for driving too fast makes you less likely to speed when you get it back, then the suspension is an example of

In , learning occurs when two types of events are paired closely in time.

In the Rescorla-Wagner model, the more surprising the unconditional stimulus is, the greater the need for an organism to it using a conditioned stimulus.

Taking away a child's video games for bad behavior is a form of

Primary reinforcers

In conditioning birds and rats, you find that it is easier to condition birds with vision-relevant stimuli than with taste-relevant stimuli, and it is easier to condition rats with taste-relevant stimuli than with vision-relevant stimuli.These results are true because

Eric Kandel's study of learning in invertebrate animals provided evidence for neuronal alteration during

What term is used to describe an increase in a behavioral response after exposure to a threatening stimulus?

Pavlovian conditioning is also referred to as

The Science of Psychology

Research Methodology

Biology and Behaviour

Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Memory

Thinking, Language and Intelligence

Human Development

Emotion and Motivation

Health and Wellbeing

Social Psychology

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters