Exam 11: The Later Middle Ages: Crisis and Disintegration in the Fourteenth Century.

Correct Answer:

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Who?
The bubonic plague is a disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. It primarily affects rodents, but fleas can transmit the disease to humans.

What?
The bubonic plague is characterized by swollen lymph nodes, which are called buboes, hence the name "bubonic." Other symptoms include fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, and fatigue. If left untreated, it can lead to septicemic or pneumonic plague, both of which can be fatal.

Where?
The bubonic plague has occurred in various parts of the world throughout history. Notably, it was responsible for the Black Death in Europe during the 14th century, which killed an estimated 25 million people. Today, it is most commonly found in Africa, Asia, and South America.

When?
The most infamous outbreak, the Black Death, occurred in the mid-1300s. However, the disease has been documented since ancient times and continues to appear in sporadic outbreaks to this day, though it is now much more rare and treatable.

Why Important?
The bubonic plague is historically significant due to its impact on human populations. The Black Death, for example, led to massive social, economic, and cultural upheaval in Europe. It caused a severe labor shortage, which some argue led to better pay for workers and contributed to the end of the feudal system. The fear and devastation of the plague also had profound effects on the arts, religion, and the course of European history. Understanding the bubonic plague is important for public health as it helps in the prevention and treatment of potential future outbreaks. Modern antibiotics are effective against the plague, but awareness and early detection are crucial for successful treatment.