Exam 23: Economics, environment, and Sustainability

As new and more innovative businesses replace older ones that can no longer thrive under changing economic conditions in a dynamic capitalist economy,____________________ occurs.

Levying taxes on each unit of pollution discharged into the air or water is an example of ____.

Some economists warn that,even if the population stabilizes,the environmental impact per person is likely to increase.Which is the best explanation for why would that happen?

In 2012,what percentage of its total electricity did Germany generate using wind farms?

Which of the following includes services and resources produced by the earth's natural processes?

As more high-throughput economies develop,resource consumption will ____________________ the capacity of the environment to provide sufficient renewable resources.

Discuss and provide examples of how subsidies can be economically harmful.

A team of ecologists and economists estimated the yearly ecological services provided by the earth's forests amount to ____.

Developed countries,in the year 2000,pledged to devote 0.7% of their national income toward reducing hunger and poverty and moving toward environmental sustainability.What is the average actual amount donated by these countries?

A car buyer and others in society,pay hidden costs of car ownership in the form of which of the following costs?

The cap and trade system is a market-based approach to pollution in which a permit holder not using its entire allocation of acceptable levels of pollution can sell them to other companies.

What is an argument against the use of full-cost pricing?

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s). -The U.S.agency with responsibility for protecting the environment is the EPA.What were the EPA expenditures for the year 2008?

Environmentalists think that ____________________ regulations can encourage companies to develop green products and processes that can create jobs and increase company profits.

What is true of many industry estimates of the costs associated with pollution control regulations?

The coal industry spent $45 million on an ad campaign to plant the phrase "clean coal" in the minds of Americans even though coal remains a dirty fossil fuel.This is an example of a practice known as _______________ .

Summarize Donella Meadows' comparison of neoclassical and ecological economics.

Your text indicates that economic systems take natural capital and produce the following outputs.Which of these is considered to be a positive output?

Economists use ____ to estimate a resource's future economic value compared to its present value.

The point at which the marginal cost of resource production meets the marginal benefit of resource use is called the ____.