Question 1

What percentage of Portland is devoted to urban forests?

Accepted Answer

A)  6% 
B)  16% 
C)  26% 
D)  36% 
E)  46% 
A)  6% 
B)  16% 
C)  26% 
D)  36% 
E)  46% C

Question 2

Urban sprawl is a problem in the United States.Explain what urban sprawl is and identify the major factors that have contributed to it.

Accepted Answer

Urban sprawl is "the growth of low-density development on the edges of cities and towns" that eliminates "surrounding agricultural and wild lands."
Urban sprawl is largely the product of ample affordable land,automobiles,federal and state funding of highways,and inadequate urban planning.Many people prefer living in suburbs and exurbs-housing developments scattered over vast areas that lie beyond suburbs and have no socioeconomic centers.Compared to central cities,these areas provide lower-density living and access to larger lot sizes and single-family homes.Often these areas also have newer public schools and lower crime rates.

Question 3

In the United States since 1920,many situations have changed because of the move to urban areas.What is one of these changes?

Accepted Answer

A)  substandard housing 
B)  better working conditions 
C)  increased incidence of infectious diseases 
D)  increased water quality problems 
E)  poorer air quality 
A)  substandard housing 
B)  better working conditions 
C)  increased incidence of infectious diseases 
D)  increased water quality problems 
E)  poorer air quality B

Question 4

____________________ growth uses zoning laws and an array of other tools to channel growth to areas where it can cause less harm.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ growth uses zoning laws and an...

Question 5

A(n)____________________ is a people-oriented city,not a car-oriented city.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n)____________________ is a people-oriented city,not a car-oriented...

Question 6

One approach to preserving open space,used in cities such as Toronto and Vancouver,is to surround a city with a(n)____.

Accepted Answer

A)  highway 
B)  mass transportation system 
C)  greenbelt 
D)  an area of cropland 
E)  a series of open malls 
A)  highway 
B)  mass transportation system 
C)  greenbelt 
D)  an area of cropland 
E)  a series of open malls

Question 7

In less-developed countries,poverty is a way of life for how many people at the present time?

Accepted Answer

A)  500 million 
B)  50 million 
C)  4 billion 
D)  1 billion 
E)  2.75 billion 
A)  500 million 
B)  50 million 
C)  4 billion 
D)  1 billion 
E)  2.75 billion

Question 8

Growth of a low-density development of the edge of cities and towns that decreases farmland or forests is referred to as ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Growth of a low-density development of the...

Question 9

In sustainable community development,the "triple bottom line" refers to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  people,the planet,and profits 
B)  earth,air,and water 
C)  health,wealth,and growth 
D)  the present,the short-term future,and the long-term future 
E)  urban,suburban,and rural 
A)  people,the planet,and profits 
B)  earth,air,and water 
C)  health,wealth,and growth 
D)  the present,the short-term future,and the long-term future 
E)  urban,suburban,and rural

Question 10

Because of urban sprawl,Americans drive about the same distance each year as all other drivers in the world,combined.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Urban sprawl is the product of affordable land,automobiles,cheap gasoline,and little urban planning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which statement about higher gasoline taxes is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They failed to result in beneficial changes in Europe. 
B)  They have successfully reduced single occupancy vehicle use in the United States. 
C)  They are generally supported by the transportation and fuel industries. 
D)  They are difficult to implement due to lack of fast,efficient,reliable,and affordable mass-transit options,bike lanes,and sidewalks. 
E)  They are generally more accepted by dispersed populations than more concentrated populations. 
A)  They failed to result in beneficial changes in Europe. 
B)  They have successfully reduced single occupancy vehicle use in the United States. 
C)  They are generally supported by the transportation and fuel industries. 
D)  They are difficult to implement due to lack of fast,efficient,reliable,and affordable mass-transit options,bike lanes,and sidewalks. 
E)  They are generally more accepted by dispersed populations than more concentrated populations.

Question 13

Motor vehicles are the world's largest source of out- door air pollution,which causes __________ premature deaths per year in the United States.

Accepted Answer

A)  5,000 to 10,000 
B)  10,000 to 20,000 
C)  20,000 to 30,000 
D)  30,000 to 60,000 
E)  60,000 to 90,000 
A)  5,000 to 10,000 
B)  10,000 to 20,000 
C)  20,000 to 30,000 
D)  30,000 to 60,000 
E)  60,000 to 90,000

Question 14

What proportion of urban Americans live in the inner city?

Accepted Answer

A)  one-tenth 
B)  one-quarter 
C)  one-third 
D)  one-half 
E)  two-thirds 
A)  one-tenth 
B)  one-quarter 
C)  one-third 
D)  one-half 
E)  two-thirds

Question 15

Between 1990 and 2012,Portland reduced its greenhouse gas emissions by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  6% 
B)  16% 
C)  26% 
D)  36% 
E)  46% 
A)  6% 
B)  16% 
C)  26% 
D)  36% 
E)  46%

Question 16

Identify and discuss economic and environmental advantages of urbanization.

Accepted Answer

Urbanization has many benefits.From an e

Question 17

Although Portland's population increased by 38% between 1980 and 2011,its urban area expanded by only 2%.This illustrates the use of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  urban growth boundaries 
B)  regressive taxes 
C)  strict zoning laws 
D)  permitting restrictions 
E)  mixed use neighborhoods 
A)  urban growth boundaries 
B)  regressive taxes 
C)  strict zoning laws 
D)  permitting restrictions 
E)  mixed use neighborhoods

Question 18

Which country has taken the strongest stand against urban sprawl?

Accepted Answer

A)  United States 
B)  Canada 
C)  Netherlands 
D)  China 
E)  India 
A)  United States 
B)  Canada 
C)  Netherlands 
D)  China 
E)  India

Question 19

What is true of water and water supplies associated with urban areas?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water supplies typically have shallow wells. 
B)  Flooding is extremely rare. 
C)  Runoff is well-handled by storm sewer systems. 
D)  Excess urban water irrigates many agricultural areas. 
E)  Urban development has destroyed or degraded wetlands. 
A)  Water supplies typically have shallow wells. 
B)  Flooding is extremely rare. 
C)  Runoff is well-handled by storm sewer systems. 
D)  Excess urban water irrigates many agricultural areas. 
E)  Urban development has destroyed or degraded wetlands.

Question 20

"Fecal snow" has been observed in ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sao Paulo 
B)  Mexico City 
C)  Calcutta 
D)  Rio de Janeiro 
E)  Mumbai 
A)  Sao Paulo 
B)  Mexico City 
C)  Calcutta 
D)  Rio de Janeiro 
E)  Mumbai

Exam 22: Cities and Sustainability

What percentage of Portland is devoted to urban forests?

Urban sprawl is a problem in the United States.Explain what urban sprawl is and identify the major factors that have contributed to it.

In the United States since 1920,many situations have changed because of the move to urban areas.What is one of these changes?

____________________ growth uses zoning laws and an array of other tools to channel growth to areas where it can cause less harm.

A(n)____________________ is a people-oriented city,not a car-oriented city.

One approach to preserving open space,used in cities such as Toronto and Vancouver,is to surround a city with a(n)____.

In less-developed countries,poverty is a way of life for how many people at the present time?

Growth of a low-density development of the edge of cities and towns that decreases farmland or forests is referred to as ____________________.

In sustainable community development,the "triple bottom line" refers to ____.

Because of urban sprawl,Americans drive about the same distance each year as all other drivers in the world,combined.

Urban sprawl is the product of affordable land,automobiles,cheap gasoline,and little urban planning.

Which statement about higher gasoline taxes is true?

Motor vehicles are the world's largest source of out- door air pollution,which causes __________ premature deaths per year in the United States.

What proportion of urban Americans live in the inner city?

Between 1990 and 2012,Portland reduced its greenhouse gas emissions by ____.

Identify and discuss economic and environmental advantages of urbanization.

Although Portland's population increased by 38% between 1980 and 2011,its urban area expanded by only 2%.This illustrates the use of ____.

Which country has taken the strongest stand against urban sprawl?

What is true of water and water supplies associated with urban areas?

"Fecal snow" has been observed in ____.

Environmental Problems, their Causes, and Sustainability

Science, matter, energy, and Systems

Ecosystems: What Are They and How Do They Work

Biodiversity and Evolution

Biodiversity, species Interactions, and Population Control

The Human Population and Its Impact

Climate and Biodiversity

Aquatic Biodiversity

Sustaining Biodiversity: The Species Approach

Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity: The Ecosystem Approach

Sustaining Aquatic Biodiversity

Food, soil, and Pest Management

Water Resources

Geology and Nonrenewable Mineral Resources

Nonrenewable Energy

Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

Environmental Hazards and Human Health

Air Pollution

Climate Disruption and Ozone Depletion

Water Pollution

Solid and Hazardous Waste

Economics, environment, and Sustainability

Politics, environment, and Sustainability

Environmental Worldviews, ethics, and Sustainability

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