Question 1

New species arise as the result of two processes,geographic and reproductive isolation.Explain how these processes work together to produce new species.

Accepted Answer

Geographic isolation occurs when a segment of a population becomes separated from the rest of the population.Over time,this allows for an accumulation of mutations to occur in both populations.If environmental conditions differ between the populations,environmental pressures may select for different sets of mutations.As this selection of difference continues,it may result in the inability of the sub-populations to sexually reproduce.Once the sub-populations are reproductively isolated,they have become separate species.

Question 2

For natural selection to occur,an adaptive trait ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  must be a physical trait 
B)  must be a physiological trait 
C)  must be a psychological trait 
D)  must be a heritable trait 
E)  cannot be a heritable trait 
A)  must be a physical trait 
B)  must be a physiological trait 
C)  must be a psychological trait 
D)  must be a heritable trait 
E)  cannot be a heritable trait D

Question 3

Approximately 200-250 million years ago,all of the earth's present day continents were connected in a super continent known as ____________________.

Accepted Answer

Pangaea

Question 4

Genetic engineering allows scientists to transfer genes between different species that would not interbreed in nature.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The earth's biodiversity is determined by the balance between ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  geographic isolation and reproductive isolation 
B)  speciation and extinction 
C)  mass extinction and background extinction 
D)  speciation and genetic engineering 
E)  reproductive isolation and extinction 
A)  geographic isolation and reproductive isolation 
B)  speciation and extinction 
C)  mass extinction and background extinction 
D)  speciation and genetic engineering 
E)  reproductive isolation and extinction

Question 6

Who was responsible for providing a convincing explanation of how organisms change over time and are descended from a single common ancestor through the mechanism of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Charles Darwin 
B)  Alfred Russel Wallace 
C)  Edward O.Wilson 
D)  Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace 
E)  Charles Darwin and Edward O.Wilson 
A)  Charles Darwin 
B)  Alfred Russel Wallace 
C)  Edward O.Wilson 
D)  Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace 
E)  Charles Darwin and Edward O.Wilson

Question 7

The world's entire body of discovered fossils is called the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The world's entire body of discovered fossils...

Question 8

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The higher the species richness,the lower the productivity 
B)  The higher the species richness,the lower the sustainability 
C)  The lower the species richness,the more the productivity 
D)  The lower the species richness,the more the sustainability 
E)  The higher the species richness,the more the sustainability 
A)  The higher the species richness,the lower the productivity 
B)  The higher the species richness,the lower the sustainability 
C)  The lower the species richness,the more the productivity 
D)  The lower the species richness,the more the sustainability 
E)  The higher the species richness,the more the sustainability

Question 9

New species form when one species splits into two or more different species,a process called _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of New species form when one species splits...

Question 10

When a species becomes extinct over a large region,but not worldwide,it is called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  background extinction 
B)  partial extinction 
C)  global extinction 
D)  mass extinction 
E)  local extinction 
A)  background extinction 
B)  partial extinction 
C)  global extinction 
D)  mass extinction 
E)  local extinction

Question 11

Geographic isolation may result from ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  reproductive isolation 
B)  artificial selection 
C)  mountain ranges 
D)  extinction 
E)  speciation 
A)  reproductive isolation 
B)  artificial selection 
C)  mountain ranges 
D)  extinction 
E)  speciation

Question 12

Most of what we know about the history of life on the earth comes from fossils.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
-Which of the two animals,the panda or the raccoon,is considered a generalist? Why?

Accepted Answer

Raccoons are general

Question 14

The process in which individuals with certain traits are more likely to survive and reproduce under a particular set of environmental conditions than are those without the trait is called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  natural selection 
B)  adaptability 
C)  genetic drift 
D)  mutation 
E)  scientific theory 
A)  natural selection 
B)  adaptability 
C)  genetic drift 
D)  mutation 
E)  scientific theory

Question 15

What adaptation has allowed humans to increase our chances of survival and reproduction through gripping and using tools?

Accepted Answer

A)  walking upright on two legs 
B)  physical strength 
C)  complex brain 
D)  opposable thumbs 
E)  five digits on each hand 
A)  walking upright on two legs 
B)  physical strength 
C)  complex brain 
D)  opposable thumbs 
E)  five digits on each hand

Question 16

A(n)____________________ is a significant increase in extinction rates above the background level.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n)____________________ is a significant increase in extinction...

Question 17

The four components of biodiversity increase the ____ of ecosystems and increase the resistance of ecosystems to harmful invasive species.

Accepted Answer

A)  evenness 
B)  function 
C)  strength 
D)  stability 
E)  fitness 
A)  evenness 
B)  function 
C)  strength 
D)  stability 
E)  fitness

Question 18

-Consider the accompanying figure and then explain how the movement of the continents can help explain why some species have the geographic distribution that is observed today.

Accepted Answer

Species that arose or were present at th

Question 19

In some habitats,the extinction of certain amphibian species could lead to the ____ of certain species of other amphibians,aquatic insects,reptiles,birds,fish,and mammals.

Accepted Answer

A)  natural selection 
B)  speciation 
C)  coevolution 
D)  proliferation 
E)  extinction 
A)  natural selection 
B)  speciation 
C)  coevolution 
D)  proliferation 
E)  extinction

Question 20

The variety in the genetic makeup of individuals in a population is known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  heritability 
B)  gene flow 
C)  genetic variability 
D)  genetic differences 
E)  genetic drift 
A)  heritability 
B)  gene flow 
C)  genetic variability 
D)  genetic differences 
E)  genetic drift

Exam 4: Biodiversity and Evolution

New species arise as the result of two processes,geographic and reproductive isolation.Explain how these processes work together to produce new species.

For natural selection to occur,an adaptive trait ____.

Approximately 200-250 million years ago,all of the earth's present day continents were connected in a super continent known as ____________________.

Genetic engineering allows scientists to transfer genes between different species that would not interbreed in nature.

The earth's biodiversity is determined by the balance between ____.

Who was responsible for providing a convincing explanation of how organisms change over time and are descended from a single common ancestor through the mechanism of natural selection?

The world's entire body of discovered fossils is called the ____________________.

Which of the following is true?

New species form when one species splits into two or more different species,a process called _______________.

When a species becomes extinct over a large region,but not worldwide,it is called ____.

Geographic isolation may result from ____.

Most of what we know about the history of life on the earth comes from fossils.

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s). -Which of the two animals,the panda or the raccoon,is considered a generalist? Why?

The process in which individuals with certain traits are more likely to survive and reproduce under a particular set of environmental conditions than are those without the trait is called ____.

What adaptation has allowed humans to increase our chances of survival and reproduction through gripping and using tools?

A(n)____________________ is a significant increase in extinction rates above the background level.

The four components of biodiversity increase the ____ of ecosystems and increase the resistance of ecosystems to harmful invasive species.

-Consider the accompanying figure and then explain how the movement of the continents can help explain why some species have the geographic distribution that is observed today.

In some habitats,the extinction of certain amphibian species could lead to the ____ of certain species of other amphibians,aquatic insects,reptiles,birds,fish,and mammals.

The variety in the genetic makeup of individuals in a population is known as ____.

Environmental Problems, their Causes, and Sustainability

Science, matter, energy, and Systems

Ecosystems: What Are They and How Do They Work

Biodiversity, species Interactions, and Population Control

The Human Population and Its Impact

Climate and Biodiversity

Aquatic Biodiversity

Sustaining Biodiversity: The Species Approach

Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity: The Ecosystem Approach

Sustaining Aquatic Biodiversity

Food, soil, and Pest Management

Water Resources

Geology and Nonrenewable Mineral Resources

Nonrenewable Energy

Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

Environmental Hazards and Human Health

Air Pollution

Climate Disruption and Ozone Depletion

Water Pollution

Solid and Hazardous Waste

Cities and Sustainability

Economics, environment, and Sustainability

Politics, environment, and Sustainability

Environmental Worldviews, ethics, and Sustainability

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