Question 1

Who pioneered the classical school of criminology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Freud 
B)  Sutherland 
C)  Beccaria 
D)  Hirschi 
A)  Freud 
B)  Sutherland 
C)  Beccaria 
D)  Hirschi C

Question 2

Positivism stresses free will as the main reason for criminal behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

"Three Strikes" laws reflect a sociological approach to combatting crime.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Discuss the basically philosophy of the classical and how it differs from a positivist approach.

Accepted Answer

Classical scholars largely failed to con

Question 5

During the Enlightenment period,because laws were vague and different judges handed out different sentences,justice could be described as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  balanced 
B)  facetious 
C)  impartial 
D)  arbitrary 
A)  balanced 
B)  facetious 
C)  impartial 
D)  arbitrary

Question 6

Rational choice perspective emphasizes two related concepts:

Accepted Answer

A)  low IQ and utilitarianism. 
B)  situational factors and opportunity. 
C)  utilitarianism and positivism. 
D)  opportunity and genetics. 
A)  low IQ and utilitarianism. 
B)  situational factors and opportunity. 
C)  utilitarianism and positivism. 
D)  opportunity and genetics.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes Beccaria's position regarding punishment as a deterrent to crime?

Accepted Answer

A)  It must include rehabilitation. 
B)  It must be religion-based. 
C)  It must be certain and swift. 
D)  It must be disproportionate to the crime. 
A)  It must include rehabilitation. 
B)  It must be religion-based. 
C)  It must be certain and swift. 
D)  It must be disproportionate to the crime.

Question 8

Which of the following countries has enacted the most mandatory penalty laws?

Accepted Answer

A)  Canada 
B)  Australia 
C)  England 
D)  United States 
A)  Canada 
B)  Australia 
C)  England 
D)  United States

Question 9

Criminals always act rationally choice assumes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The idea that areas with high crime rates have lower arrest rates because their police are "extra" busy,and their police also realize that too many arrests would overburden the criminal justice system is known as the _____ argument.

Accepted Answer

A)  minority income 
B)  system capacity 
C)  conviction discretion 
D)  police nullification 
A)  minority income 
B)  system capacity 
C)  conviction discretion 
D)  police nullification

Question 11

Which of the following reflects what routine activities theory suggests is a lack of guardianship?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wearing an expensive watch in a low-income neighborhood 
B)  A child playing in a park alone 
C)  A drug addict in need of money for a fix 
D)  The opening of a half-way house in a low crime neighborhood 
A)  Wearing an expensive watch in a low-income neighborhood 
B)  A child playing in a park alone 
C)  A drug addict in need of money for a fix 
D)  The opening of a half-way house in a low crime neighborhood

Question 12

General deterrence is when someone does not offend because of fear of punishment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The idea that potential and actual legal punishment can deter crime is a synopsis of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Routine Activities Theory 
B)  Deterrence Theory 
C)  Corporal Theory 
D)  Penal Theory 
A)  Routine Activities Theory 
B)  Deterrence Theory 
C)  Corporal Theory 
D)  Penal Theory

Question 14

Neoclassical theorists assume criminals act with free will.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

_____ deterrence refers to the effect of increasing the severity,certainty,and/or swiftness of legal punishment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ deterrence refers to the effect of...

Question 16

Positivism suggest that:

Accepted Answer

A)  offenders commit crime solely because of the benefits it brings them. 
B)  evil forces such as demons can affect criminal behavior. 
C)  individuals are less likely to be victims if they have positive attitudes. 
D)  forces both outside and inside an individual might affect his/her likelihood of breaking the law. 
A)  offenders commit crime solely because of the benefits it brings them. 
B)  evil forces such as demons can affect criminal behavior. 
C)  individuals are less likely to be victims if they have positive attitudes. 
D)  forces both outside and inside an individual might affect his/her likelihood of breaking the law.

Question 17

_____ deterrence occurs when members of the public decide not to break the law because they fear legal punishment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ deterrence occurs when members of the...

Question 18

_____ deterrence refers to the effect of having some legal punishment (arrest,incarceration,and so forth)versus the effect of having no legal punishment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ deterrence refers to the effect of...

Question 19

Subjective deterrence refers to the impact of people's _____ of the certainty and severity of legal punishment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Subjective deterrence refers to the impact of...

Question 20

The United States utilizes mandatory sentences more than any other Western nation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Who pioneered the classical school of criminology?

Positivism stresses free will as the main reason for criminal behavior.

"Three Strikes" laws reflect a sociological approach to combatting crime.

Discuss the basically philosophy of the classical and how it differs from a positivist approach.

During the Enlightenment period,because laws were vague and different judges handed out different sentences,justice could be described as _____.

Rational choice perspective emphasizes two related concepts:

Which of the following best describes Beccaria's position regarding punishment as a deterrent to crime?

Which of the following countries has enacted the most mandatory penalty laws?

Criminals always act rationally choice assumes.

The idea that areas with high crime rates have lower arrest rates because their police are "extra" busy,and their police also realize that too many arrests would overburden the criminal justice system is known as the _____ argument.

Which of the following reflects what routine activities theory suggests is a lack of guardianship?

General deterrence is when someone does not offend because of fear of punishment.

The idea that potential and actual legal punishment can deter crime is a synopsis of _____.

Neoclassical theorists assume criminals act with free will.

_____ deterrence refers to the effect of increasing the severity,certainty,and/or swiftness of legal punishment.

Positivism suggest that:

_____ deterrence occurs when members of the public decide not to break the law because they fear legal punishment.

_____ deterrence refers to the effect of having some legal punishment (arrest,incarceration,and so forth)versus the effect of having no legal punishment.

Subjective deterrence refers to the impact of people's _____ of the certainty and severity of legal punishment.

The United States utilizes mandatory sentences more than any other Western nation.

Criminology and the Sociological Perspective

Public Opinion, the News Media, and the Crime Problem

The Measurement and Patterning of Criminal Behavior

Victims and Victimization

Biological and Psychological Explanations

Sociological Theories: Emphasis on Social Structure

Sociological Theories: Emphasis on Social Process

Sociological Theories: Critical Perspectives

Violent Crime: Homicide, Assault, and Robbery

Violence Against Women

Property Crime and Fraud

White-collar and Organized Crime

Political Crime

Consensual Crime

Policing: Dilemmas of Crime Control in a Democratic Society

Prosecution and Punishment

Conclusion: How Can We Reduce Crime?

Filters

Exam 5: Classical and Neoclassical Perspectives

Who pioneered the classical school of criminology?

Positivism stresses free will as the main reason for criminal behavior.

"Three Strikes" laws reflect a sociological approach to combatting crime.

Discuss the basically philosophy of the classical and how it differs from a positivist approach.

During the Enlightenment period,because laws were vague and different judges handed out different sentences,justice could be described as _____.

Rational choice perspective emphasizes two related concepts:

Which of the following best describes Beccaria's position regarding punishment as a deterrent to crime?

Which of the following countries has enacted the most mandatory penalty laws?

Criminals always act rationally choice assumes.

The idea that areas with high crime rates have lower arrest rates because their police are "extra" busy,and their police also realize that too many arrests would overburden the criminal justice system is known as the _____ argument.

Which of the following reflects what routine activities theory suggests is a lack of guardianship?

General deterrence is when someone does not offend because of fear of punishment.

The idea that potential and actual legal punishment can deter crime is a synopsis of _____.

Neoclassical theorists assume criminals act with free will.

_____ deterrence refers to the effect of increasing the severity,certainty,and/or swiftness of legal punishment.

Positivism suggest that:

_____ deterrence occurs when members of the public decide not to break the law because they fear legal punishment.

_____ deterrence refers to the effect of having some legal punishment (arrest,incarceration,and so forth)versus the effect of having no legal punishment.

Subjective deterrence refers to the impact of people's _____ of the certainty and severity of legal punishment.

The United States utilizes mandatory sentences more than any other Western nation.

Criminology and the Sociological Perspective

Public Opinion, the News Media, and the Crime Problem

The Measurement and Patterning of Criminal Behavior

Victims and Victimization

Biological and Psychological Explanations

Sociological Theories: Emphasis on Social Structure

Sociological Theories: Emphasis on Social Process

Sociological Theories: Critical Perspectives

Violent Crime: Homicide, Assault, and Robbery

Violence Against Women

Property Crime and Fraud

White-collar and Organized Crime

Political Crime

Consensual Crime

Policing: Dilemmas of Crime Control in a Democratic Society

Prosecution and Punishment

Conclusion: How Can We Reduce Crime?

Filters