Question 1

In a test to determine if r is statistically significant, the df for robs are equal to.

Accepted Answer

A) Npairs - 2 
B) Npairs 
C) Npairs - 1 
D) Npairs + 2 
A) Npairs - 2 
B) Npairs 
C) Npairs - 1 
D) Npairs + 2

Question 2

If robs falls into a rejection region, then the decision is to H0 and H1.

Accepted Answer

A) accept; reject 
B) reject; accept 
C) fail to reject; not accept 
D) reject; not accept 
A) accept; reject 
B) reject; accept 
C) fail to reject; not accept 
D) reject; not accept

Question 3

Crime rates usually are positively related to population density. Thus you expect that.

Accepted Answer

A) high population density areas would have low crime rates 
B) higher population density is associated with lower crime rates 
C) higher population density is associated with higher crime rates 
D) population density and crime rate are not related 
A) high population density areas would have low crime rates 
B) higher population density is associated with lower crime rates 
C) higher population density is associated with higher crime rates 
D) population density and crime rate are not related

Question 4

Researchers have found a negative correlation between the number of hours a high school student works and high school achievement. Given this knowledge, you would expect that.

Accepted Answer

A) more hours worked per week are associated with greater high school achievement 
B) more hours worked per week are associated with lower high school achievement 
C) there is no relation between number of hours worked per week and high school achievement 
D) if you knew the number of hours worked per week it would not help you predict the student's high school achievement 
A) more hours worked per week are associated with greater high school achievement 
B) more hours worked per week are associated with lower high school achievement 
C) there is no relation between number of hours worked per week and high school achievement 
D) if you knew the number of hours worked per week it would not help you predict the student's high school achievement

Question 5

The pattern of scores in a scatterplot that indicates no relationship between two variables is.

Accepted Answer

A) oval 
B) circular 
C) elliptical 
D) linear 
A) oval 
B) circular 
C) elliptical 
D) linear

Question 6

Which correlation coefficient represents the weakest association between the X and Y variables?

Accepted Answer

A) r = +.20 
B) r = +.60 
C) r = -.50 
D) r = -.90 
A) r = +.20 
B) r = +.60 
C) r = -.50 
D) r = -.90

Question 7

The cross products of X and Y are symbolized by.

Accepted Answer

A) CPXY 
B) Cross XY 
C) XProd 
D) XPXY 
A) CPXY 
B) Cross XY 
C) XProd 
D) XPXY

Question 8

If two variables are related so that increasing values of one variable are associated with increasing values of the other, then there is a (or ) relationship between the variables.

Accepted Answer

A) positive; direct 
B) positive; inverse 
C) negative; direct 
D) negative; inverse 
A) positive; direct 
B) positive; inverse 
C) negative; direct 
D) negative; inverse

Question 9

A perfect linear relationship of variables X and Y would result in a value of robs equal to .

Accepted Answer

A) zero 
B) a large value but not +1.00 or -1.00 
C) a small value but not zero 
D) either +1.00 or -1.00 
A) zero 
B) a large value but not +1.00 or -1.00 
C) a small value but not zero 
D) either +1.00 or -1.00

Question 10

If the scores of either the X or Y variable are restricted in value, then we expect

Accepted Answer

A) a larger value of r than if the scores were not restricted in value 
B) r to equal either +1.00 or -1.00 
C) a smaller value of r than if the scores were not restricted in value 
D) it will have no effect on r 
A) a larger value of r than if the scores were not restricted in value 
B) r to equal either +1.00 or -1.00 
C) a smaller value of r than if the scores were not restricted in value 
D) it will have no effect on r

Question 11

If the results of a correlational study were reported as r(20) = +.57, p < .05, then you would know that H0 was and was.

Accepted Answer

A) ρ = 1; rejected 
B) ρ = 1; not rejected 
C) ρ = 0; rejected 
D) ρ = 0; not rejected 
A) ρ = 1; rejected 
B) ρ = 1; not rejected 
C) ρ = 0; rejected 
D) ρ = 0; not rejected

Question 12

You obtained robs = +.39 when correlating the number of hours per week spent studying by a student and his or her grade point average. In order to find if this correlation coefficient is statistically significant, you need to know the.

Accepted Answer

A) means for both variables 
B) standard deviation for both variables 
C) number of pairs of scores on which robs was based 
D) CPXY for this correlation 
A) means for both variables 
B) standard deviation for both variables 
C) number of pairs of scores on which robs was based 
D) CPXY for this correlation

Question 13

In a test to determine if r is statistically significant, H1 is.

Accepted Answer

A) r = 0 
B) r = 1 
C) ρ ≠ 0 
D) ρ = 0 
A) r = 0 
B) r = 1 
C) ρ ≠ 0 
D) ρ = 0

Question 14

If the results of a correlational study were reported as r(12) = -.32, p > .05, then you would know that subjects participated in the study.

Accepted Answer

A) 10 
B) 14 
C) 13 
D) 12 
A) 10 
B) 14 
C) 13 
D) 12

Question 15

If two variables are related so that increasing values of one variable are associated with decreasing values of the other, then there is a (or ) relationship between the variables.

Accepted Answer

A) positive; direct 
B) positive; inverse 
C) negative; inverse 
D) negative; direct 
A) positive; direct 
B) positive; inverse 
C) negative; inverse 
D) negative; direct

Question 16

A representation of a relationship between two variables in graphic form is a distribution.

Accepted Answer

A) one variable 
B) bivariate 
C) bimodal 
D) normal 
A) one variable 
B) bivariate 
C) bimodal 
D) normal

Question 17

The denominator of the Pearson r is.

Accepted Answer

A)  $C P _ { X Y }$ 
B)  $\sum ( X - \bar { X } ) ( Y - \bar { Y } )$ 
C)  $\left( S S _ { X } \right) \left( S S _ { Y } \right)$ 
D)  $\sqrt { \left( S S _ { X } \right) \left( S S _ { Y } \right) }$ 
A)  $C P _ { X Y }$ 
B)  $\sum ( X - \bar { X } ) ( Y - \bar { Y } )$ 
C)  $\left( S S _ { X } \right) \left( S S _ { Y } \right)$ 
D)  $\sqrt { \left( S S _ { X } \right) \left( S S _ { Y } \right) }$

Question 18

If two variables covary, then.

Accepted Answer

A) a change in one variable is not accompanied by a consistent change in the other variable 
B) as one variable increases, the other must decrease 
C) a change in one variable is accompanied by a consistent change in the other variable 
D) the two variables have the same mean 
A) a change in one variable is not accompanied by a consistent change in the other variable 
B) as one variable increases, the other must decrease 
C) a change in one variable is accompanied by a consistent change in the other variable 
D) the two variables have the same mean

Question 19

How will r be affected by decreasing the range of values of variable X?

Accepted Answer

A) The value of r will increase. 
B) The value of r will decrease. 
C) The value of r will either increase or decrease depending on the value of the cross products. 
D) The value of r will be unaffected. 
A) The value of r will increase. 
B) The value of r will decrease. 
C) The value of r will either increase or decrease depending on the value of the cross products. 
D) The value of r will be unaffected.

Question 20

If the results of a study using the Spearman correlation coefficient were reported as rS(28) = -.44, p < .05, then which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) H0 was ρS = + or - .44. 
B) The X and Y variable are significantly negatively related. 
C) rS crit = + or - .44. 
D) H1 was ρS = 0. 
A) H0 was ρS = + or - .44. 
B) The X and Y variable are significantly negatively related. 
C) rS crit = + or - .44. 
D) H1 was ρS = 0.

In a test to determine if r is statistically significant, the df for robs are equal to.

If robs falls into a rejection region, then the decision is to H0 and H1.

Crime rates usually are positively related to population density. Thus you expect that.

Researchers have found a negative correlation between the number of hours a high school student works and high school achievement. Given this knowledge, you would expect that.

The pattern of scores in a scatterplot that indicates no relationship between two variables is.

Which correlation coefficient represents the weakest association between the X and Y variables?

The cross products of X and Y are symbolized by.

If two variables are related so that increasing values of one variable are associated with increasing values of the other, then there is a (or ) relationship between the variables.

A perfect linear relationship of variables X and Y would result in a value of robs equal to .

If the scores of either the X or Y variable are restricted in value, then we expect

If the results of a correlational study were reported as r(20) = +.57, p < .05, then you would know that H0 was and was.

You obtained robs = +.39 when correlating the number of hours per week spent studying by a student and his or her grade point average. In order to find if this correlation coefficient is statistically significant, you need to know the.

In a test to determine if r is statistically significant, H1 is.

If the results of a correlational study were reported as r(12) = -.32, p > .05, then you would know that subjects participated in the study.

If two variables are related so that increasing values of one variable are associated with decreasing values of the other, then there is a (or ) relationship between the variables.

A representation of a relationship between two variables in graphic form is a distribution.

The denominator of the Pearson r is.

If two variables covary, then.

How will r be affected by decreasing the range of values of variable X?

If the results of a study using the Spearman correlation coefficient were reported as rS(28) = -.44, p < .05, then which of the following statements is true?

Making Sense of Variability: an Introduction to Statistics

Statistics in the Context of Scientific Research

Looking at Data: Frequency Distributions and Graphs

Looking at Data: Measures of Central Tendency

Looking at Data: Measures of Variability

The Normal Distribution, Probability, and Standard Scores

Understanding Data: Using Statistics for Inference and Estimation

Is There Really a Difference Introduction to Statistical Hypothesis Testing

The Basics of Experimentation and Testing for a Difference Between Means

One-Factor Between-Subjects Analysis of Variance

Two-Factor Between-Subjects Analysis of Variance

One-Factor Within-Subjects Analysis of Variance

Regression Analysis: Predicting Linear Relationships

Nonparametric Tests

Filters

Exam 13: Correlation: Understanding Covariation

In a test to determine if r is statistically significant, the df for robs are equal to.

If robs falls into a rejection region, then the decision is to H0 and H1.

Crime rates usually are positively related to population density. Thus you expect that.

Researchers have found a negative correlation between the number of hours a high school student works and high school achievement. Given this knowledge, you would expect that.

The pattern of scores in a scatterplot that indicates no relationship between two variables is.

Which correlation coefficient represents the weakest association between the X and Y variables?

The cross products of X and Y are symbolized by.

If two variables are related so that increasing values of one variable are associated with increasing values of the other, then there is a (or ) relationship between the variables.

A perfect linear relationship of variables X and Y would result in a value of robs equal to .

If the scores of either the X or Y variable are restricted in value, then we expect

If the results of a correlational study were reported as r(20) = +.57, p < .05, then you would know that H0 was and was.

You obtained robs = +.39 when correlating the number of hours per week spent studying by a student and his or her grade point average. In order to find if this correlation coefficient is statistically significant, you need to know the.

In a test to determine if r is statistically significant, H1 is.

If the results of a correlational study were reported as r(12) = -.32, p > .05, then you would know that subjects participated in the study.

If two variables are related so that increasing values of one variable are associated with decreasing values of the other, then there is a (or ) relationship between the variables.

A representation of a relationship between two variables in graphic form is a distribution.

The denominator of the Pearson r is.

If two variables covary, then.

How will r be affected by decreasing the range of values of variable X?

If the results of a study using the Spearman correlation coefficient were reported as rS(28) = -.44, p < .05, then which of the following statements is true?

Making Sense of Variability: an Introduction to Statistics

Statistics in the Context of Scientific Research

Looking at Data: Frequency Distributions and Graphs

Looking at Data: Measures of Central Tendency

Looking at Data: Measures of Variability

The Normal Distribution, Probability, and Standard Scores

Understanding Data: Using Statistics for Inference and Estimation

Is There Really a Difference Introduction to Statistical Hypothesis Testing

The Basics of Experimentation and Testing for a Difference Between Means

One-Factor Between-Subjects Analysis of Variance

Two-Factor Between-Subjects Analysis of Variance

One-Factor Within-Subjects Analysis of Variance

Regression Analysis: Predicting Linear Relationships

Nonparametric Tests

Filters