Question 1

The scatterplot depicting a relationship between two variables for which r = -.90 would be a.

Accepted Answer

A) narrow ellipse 
B) circle 
C) wide oval 
D) straight line 
A) narrow ellipse 
B) circle 
C) wide oval 
D) straight line

Question 2

If robs = +.40, then percent of the variance in the scores of one variable is associated with variation in the other variable.

Accepted Answer

A) 40 
B) 60 
C) 16 
D) 8 
A) 40 
B) 60 
C) 16 
D) 8

Question 3

In testing the statistical significance of rS, the critical value is based upon.

Accepted Answer

A) Npairs 
B) Npairs - 1 
C) Npairs - 2 
D) the total number of scores minus one 
A) Npairs 
B) Npairs - 1 
C) Npairs - 2 
D) the total number of scores minus one

Question 4

The direction of a linear relationship between two variables is given by of r.

Accepted Answer

A) the numerical value 
B) the plus or minus sign 
C) both the sign and numerical value 
D) the numerical value of the denominator 
A) the numerical value 
B) the plus or minus sign 
C) both the sign and numerical value 
D) the numerical value of the denominator

Question 5

When robs equals zero, the scatterplot of X and Y will most closely resemble a(n).

Accepted Answer

A) straight line 
B) narrow ellipse 
C) circle 
D) oval 
A) straight line 
B) narrow ellipse 
C) circle 
D) oval

Question 6

The direction and degree of the relationship of two variables are assessed with.

Accepted Answer

A) a between-subjects design 
B) correlational research 
C) the analysis of variance 
D) the tind test 
A) a between-subjects design 
B) correlational research 
C) the analysis of variance 
D) the tind test

Question 7

The proportion of variance in one variable that is associated with variance in the other variable is given by.

Accepted Answer

A)  the coefficient of determination 
B)  $\sqrt { C P _ { X Y } }$ 
C)  the index of association 
D)  $\sqrt { r }$ 
A)  the coefficient of determination 
B)  $\sqrt { C P _ { X Y } }$ 
C)  the index of association 
D)  $\sqrt { r }$

Question 8

If the results of a correlational study were reported as r(26) = -.53, p < .05, then which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) H1 was accepted. 
B) The value of Npairs was 28. 
C) The X and Y variables are significantly negatively related. 
D) All the above. 
A) H1 was accepted. 
B) The value of Npairs was 28. 
C) The X and Y variables are significantly negatively related. 
D) All the above.

Question 9

The Pearson correlation coefficient is used.

Accepted Answer

A) to quantify the relationship between two variables in a bivariate distribution 
B) to quantify the relationship between two variables in a one-variable distribution 
C) when pairs of scores achieve ordinal measurement 
D) to test a null hypothesis about the means in a bivariate distribution 
A) to quantify the relationship between two variables in a bivariate distribution 
B) to quantify the relationship between two variables in a one-variable distribution 
C) when pairs of scores achieve ordinal measurement 
D) to test a null hypothesis about the means in a bivariate distribution

Question 10

If variables X and Y are correlated, then which of the following is a possibility?

Accepted Answer

A) X causes Y. 
B) Y causes X. 
C) X and Y may be caused by a third variable, Z. 
D) All the above are possibilities. 
A) X causes Y. 
B) Y causes X. 
C) X and Y may be caused by a third variable, Z. 
D) All the above are possibilities.

Question 11

If the range of one or both variables is restricted, then the value of r for these variables most likely will.

Accepted Answer

A) not change 
B) become either +1.00 or -1.00 
C) increase 
D) decrease 
A) not change 
B) become either +1.00 or -1.00 
C) increase 
D) decrease

Question 12

If variables X and Y are correlated, then which of the following is not a possibility?

Accepted Answer

A) X causes Y. 
B) X and Y are independent of each other.. 
C) Y causes X. 
D) X and Y may be caused by a third variable, Z. 
A) X causes Y. 
B) X and Y are independent of each other.. 
C) Y causes X. 
D) X and Y may be caused by a third variable, Z.

Question 13

When two scores are obtained from each participant, a distribution is obtained.

Accepted Answer

A) normal 
B) one variable 
C) bivariate 
D) straight line 
A) normal 
B) one variable 
C) bivariate 
D) straight line

Question 14

Which of the following values of robs allows perfect prediction of the Y score from knowledge of the X score?

Accepted Answer

A) zero 
B) +1.00 
C) +.50 d +2.00 
A) zero 
B) +1.00 
C) +.50 d +2.00

Question 15

The Pearson correlation coefficient is used.

Accepted Answer

A) to quantify the relationship between two variables in a one-variable distribution 
B) to determine the amount of variability in a set of scores 
C) when pairs of scores achieve either interval or ratio measurement 
D) to test a null hypothesis about the means in a bivariate distribution 
A) to quantify the relationship between two variables in a one-variable distribution 
B) to determine the amount of variability in a set of scores 
C) when pairs of scores achieve either interval or ratio measurement 
D) to test a null hypothesis about the means in a bivariate distribution

Question 16

A study has found a negative correlation between a person's income and his or her blood pressure. This study indicates that.

Accepted Answer

A) income and blood pressure are not related 
B) higher income is associated with higher blood pressure 
C) as income increases, blood pressure tends to increase also 
D) higher income is associated with lower blood pressure 
A) income and blood pressure are not related 
B) higher income is associated with higher blood pressure 
C) as income increases, blood pressure tends to increase also 
D) higher income is associated with lower blood pressure

Question 17

The value of is a measure of the. $r ^ { 2 }$

Accepted Answer

A) extent to which two variables share a common variance 
B) precision with which one variable predicts the value of the other 
C) degree of linear association between two variables 
D) degree of nonlinear association between two variables 
A) extent to which two variables share a common variance 
B) precision with which one variable predicts the value of the other 
C) degree of linear association between two variables 
D) degree of nonlinear association between two variables

Question 18

The symbol ρ represents the.

Accepted Answer

A) population correlation coefficient 
B) sample correlation coefficient 
C) magnitude of the strength of association 
D) coefficient of determination 
A) population correlation coefficient 
B) sample correlation coefficient 
C) magnitude of the strength of association 
D) coefficient of determination

Question 19

The population correlation coefficient is represented by the symbol.

Accepted Answer

A) α 
B) β 
C) μ 
D) ρ 
A) α 
B) β 
C) μ 
D) ρ

Question 20

If you calculated robs = +1.57, then.

Accepted Answer

A) the two variables are more than perfectly positively related 
B) the two variables are strongly, but not perfectly, positively related 
C) the two variables are not at all related 
D) you would know you had made a mistake in calculation 
A) the two variables are more than perfectly positively related 
B) the two variables are strongly, but not perfectly, positively related 
C) the two variables are not at all related 
D) you would know you had made a mistake in calculation

The scatterplot depicting a relationship between two variables for which r = -.90 would be a.

If robs = +.40, then percent of the variance in the scores of one variable is associated with variation in the other variable.

In testing the statistical significance of rS, the critical value is based upon.

The direction of a linear relationship between two variables is given by of r.

When robs equals zero, the scatterplot of X and Y will most closely resemble a(n).

The direction and degree of the relationship of two variables are assessed with.

The proportion of variance in one variable that is associated with variance in the other variable is given by.

If the results of a correlational study were reported as r(26) = -.53, p < .05, then which of the following statements is true?

The Pearson correlation coefficient is used.

If variables X and Y are correlated, then which of the following is a possibility?

If the range of one or both variables is restricted, then the value of r for these variables most likely will.

If variables X and Y are correlated, then which of the following is not a possibility?

When two scores are obtained from each participant, a distribution is obtained.

Which of the following values of robs allows perfect prediction of the Y score from knowledge of the X score?

The Pearson correlation coefficient is used.

A study has found a negative correlation between a person's income and his or her blood pressure. This study indicates that.

The value of is a measure of the. $r ^ { 2 }$

The symbol ρ represents the.

The population correlation coefficient is represented by the symbol.

If you calculated robs = +1.57, then.

Making Sense of Variability: an Introduction to Statistics

Statistics in the Context of Scientific Research

Looking at Data: Frequency Distributions and Graphs

Looking at Data: Measures of Central Tendency

Looking at Data: Measures of Variability

The Normal Distribution, Probability, and Standard Scores

Understanding Data: Using Statistics for Inference and Estimation

Is There Really a Difference Introduction to Statistical Hypothesis Testing

The Basics of Experimentation and Testing for a Difference Between Means

One-Factor Between-Subjects Analysis of Variance

Two-Factor Between-Subjects Analysis of Variance

One-Factor Within-Subjects Analysis of Variance

Regression Analysis: Predicting Linear Relationships

Nonparametric Tests

Filters

Exam 13: Correlation: Understanding Covariation

The scatterplot depicting a relationship between two variables for which r = -.90 would be a.

If robs = +.40, then percent of the variance in the scores of one variable is associated with variation in the other variable.

In testing the statistical significance of rS, the critical value is based upon.

The direction of a linear relationship between two variables is given by of r.

When robs equals zero, the scatterplot of X and Y will most closely resemble a(n).

The direction and degree of the relationship of two variables are assessed with.

The proportion of variance in one variable that is associated with variance in the other variable is given by.

If the results of a correlational study were reported as r(26) = -.53, p < .05, then which of the following statements is true?

The Pearson correlation coefficient is used.

If variables X and Y are correlated, then which of the following is a possibility?

If the range of one or both variables is restricted, then the value of r for these variables most likely will.

If variables X and Y are correlated, then which of the following is not a possibility?

When two scores are obtained from each participant, a distribution is obtained.

Which of the following values of robs allows perfect prediction of the Y score from knowledge of the X score?

The Pearson correlation coefficient is used.

A study has found a negative correlation between a person's income and his or her blood pressure. This study indicates that.

The value of is a measure of the. r2r ^ { 2 }r2

The symbol ρ represents the.

The population correlation coefficient is represented by the symbol.

If you calculated robs = +1.57, then.

Making Sense of Variability: an Introduction to Statistics

Statistics in the Context of Scientific Research

Looking at Data: Frequency Distributions and Graphs

Looking at Data: Measures of Central Tendency

Looking at Data: Measures of Variability

The Normal Distribution, Probability, and Standard Scores

Understanding Data: Using Statistics for Inference and Estimation

Is There Really a Difference Introduction to Statistical Hypothesis Testing

The Basics of Experimentation and Testing for a Difference Between Means

One-Factor Between-Subjects Analysis of Variance

Two-Factor Between-Subjects Analysis of Variance

One-Factor Within-Subjects Analysis of Variance

Regression Analysis: Predicting Linear Relationships

Nonparametric Tests

Filters

The value of is a measure of the. $r ^ { 2 }$