Exam 9: Hypotheses and Sampling Distributions

Statistical error distributions are used to determine if alternative hypotheses should be rejected or accepted.

The null hypothesis really means that the likelihood of a result being due to random error can be rejected at the moment.

All inferential statistics assume the null hypothesis is true.

If you know which of two variables is the independent variable and which one is the dependent variable, you can propose

A two-tailed hypothesis is the same thing as a

The further out on the tails a difference is found

A hypothesis is a

If you propose a one-tailed hypothesis and have to reject it with the true results being the opposite one-tailed hypothesis, you are not just wrong, you are significantly wrong.

Hypotheses, as used in statistics, are

A nondirectional hypothesis is called that because

Most differences caused by random error will be close to the zero difference point.

Two-tailed hypotheses accept any kind of difference, not just a single direction.

An alternative hypothesis represents an attempt to

Random error is important because estimating its size and amount gives us a way to determine whether an observed difference is real.

Random samples are used to estimate error in statistical sampling distributions because

Hypotheses used in statistics tend to be general ones, without specificity.

If you hypothesize that higher levels of education will increase success on parole and in testing it turns out that lower levels of education decrease success on parole

The statement "Younger defendants are more likely to be sentenced to longer prison sentences than older defendants" is an example of a

[Instructor: This question is based on the use of the presentation slides for this chapter.] Which symbolism below represents an alternative hypothesis?

One-tailed hypotheses provide the direction of the independent variable but do not require stating the direction of the dependent variable.