Question 1

If a measured probability level is highly significant, the relationship between the variables is relatively strong.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Which of the following would be the next step in interpreting a correlation coefficient after finding a significant probability when testing a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  square the coefficient 
B)  propose a hypothesis 
C)  accept the null hypothesis and continue with establishing the direction of the relationship 
D)  check to see if correlation coefficient is available in an asymmetric version 
A)  square the coefficient 
B)  propose a hypothesis 
C)  accept the null hypothesis and continue with establishing the direction of the relationship 
D)  check to see if correlation coefficient is available in an asymmetric version D

Question 3

Which of the numbers below is the highest correlation?

Accepted Answer

A)  .75 
B)  0 
C)  1.95 
D)  -.80 
A)  .75 
B)  0 
C)  1.95 
D)  -.80 D

Question 4

In an indirect-PRE measure, the correlation coefficient must be __________ in order to be interpreted.

Accepted Answer

A)  divided by the number of categories 
B)  squared 
C)  first squared and then divided by the number of categories 
D)  multiplied by 100 
A)  divided by the number of categories 
B)  squared 
C)  first squared and then divided by the number of categories 
D)  multiplied by 100

Question 5

A non-zero correlation coefficient, when coupled with a nonsignificant probability, is effectively zero.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following would be the simplest form of a relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)  A and B vary together 
B)  A varies but B doesn't 
C)  A varies in the same direction as B 
D)  A affects B 
A)  A and B vary together 
B)  A varies but B doesn't 
C)  A varies in the same direction as B 
D)  A affects B

Question 7

A symmetric relationship

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot have positive and negative signs 
B)  has only positive signs 
C)  has no assumed cause and effect 
D)  has an assumed cause and effect 
A)  cannot have positive and negative signs 
B)  has only positive signs 
C)  has no assumed cause and effect 
D)  has an assumed cause and effect

Question 8

Guilford's Table is commonly used today as a method of interpreting correlations coefficients.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The formulas for some measures of association can result in values with either positive or negative signs. Under which of the following circumstances can those signs be meaningfully interpreted?

Accepted Answer

A)  whenever the data are expressed as frequencies 
B)  when the data are measured at the nominal level 
C)  when the data are measured at the ordinal level or higher 
D)  whenever the data are expressed as percentages 
A)  whenever the data are expressed as frequencies 
B)  when the data are measured at the nominal level 
C)  when the data are measured at the ordinal level or higher 
D)  whenever the data are expressed as percentages

Question 10

A symmetric version of a statistic is more accurate than an asymmetric one.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

An asymmetric version of a measure of association allows us to:

Accepted Answer

A)  determine if two distributions match each other perfectly or not 
B)  assume interval-level data even if the variables are ordinal 
C)  calculate an average relationship between two variables 
D)  calculate the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable 
A)  determine if two distributions match each other perfectly or not 
B)  assume interval-level data even if the variables are ordinal 
C)  calculate an average relationship between two variables 
D)  calculate the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable

Question 12

Two correlated variables do not covary.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

[Instructor: Use this question if the associated slide presentations have been used.] Relationships can be used for which of the following purposes?

Accepted Answer

A)  to explain movements in one variable 
B)  to predict and forecast 
C)  to create theory 
D)  all of the above 
A)  to explain movements in one variable 
B)  to predict and forecast 
C)  to create theory 
D)  all of the above

Question 14

If you have a hypothesis, you should use an asymmetric version of a statistic if one is available.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Given two correlation coefficients, -.45 and .35, the one with a value of -.45 is larger.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Inferential statistics do not provide a measure of the amount of relationship.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A directional relationship

Accepted Answer

A)  is rarely used in criminal justice research 
B)  requires the use of frequency distributions to determine direction 
C)  specifies the way in which one variable affects a second variable 
D)  all of the above 
A)  is rarely used in criminal justice research 
B)  requires the use of frequency distributions to determine direction 
C)  specifies the way in which one variable affects a second variable 
D)  all of the above

Question 18

Association is expressed as a number between 1.0 and zero.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Even if the probability level is not significant, a measure of association is still useful.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

A statistically significant result means that there is

Accepted Answer

A)  a high correlation 
B)  a low correlation 
C)  no correlation 
D)  a correlation, but you don't know how strong 
A)  a high correlation 
B)  a low correlation 
C)  no correlation 
D)  a correlation, but you don't know how strong

If a measured probability level is highly significant, the relationship between the variables is relatively strong.

Which of the following would be the next step in interpreting a correlation coefficient after finding a significant probability when testing a hypothesis?

Which of the numbers below is the highest correlation?

In an indirect-PRE measure, the correlation coefficient must be __________ in order to be interpreted.

A non-zero correlation coefficient, when coupled with a nonsignificant probability, is effectively zero.

Which of the following would be the simplest form of a relationship?

A symmetric relationship

Guilford's Table is commonly used today as a method of interpreting correlations coefficients.

The formulas for some measures of association can result in values with either positive or negative signs. Under which of the following circumstances can those signs be meaningfully interpreted?

A symmetric version of a statistic is more accurate than an asymmetric one.

An asymmetric version of a measure of association allows us to:

Two correlated variables do not covary.

[Instructor: Use this question if the associated slide presentations have been used.] Relationships can be used for which of the following purposes?

If you have a hypothesis, you should use an asymmetric version of a statistic if one is available.

Given two correlation coefficients, -.45 and .35, the one with a value of -.45 is larger.

Inferential statistics do not provide a measure of the amount of relationship.

A directional relationship

Association is expressed as a number between 1.0 and zero.

Even if the probability level is not significant, a measure of association is still useful.

A statistically significant result means that there is

Introduction to Statistics

Levels of Measurement

Graphical Statistics

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Dispersion

Curves and Distributions

Frequency Distributions

Elementary Relationships: Crosstabulation Tables

Hypotheses and Sampling Distributions

Statistical Significance

Testing for Significance: the Chi-Square Test

Testing for Significance in Two Groups: The T-Test

Testing for Significance in Multiple Groups: The Analysis of Variance Statistic

Testing for Association: Phi

Testing for Association: Pearsons R and Regression

Doing Real Research: Elementary Multivariate Relationships

Statistics and Data Analysis

Filters

Exam 14: The Concept of Association

If a measured probability level is highly significant, the relationship between the variables is relatively strong.

Which of the following would be the next step in interpreting a correlation coefficient after finding a significant probability when testing a hypothesis?

Which of the numbers below is the highest correlation?

In an indirect-PRE measure, the correlation coefficient must be __________ in order to be interpreted.

A non-zero correlation coefficient, when coupled with a nonsignificant probability, is effectively zero.

Which of the following would be the simplest form of a relationship?

A symmetric relationship

Guilford's Table is commonly used today as a method of interpreting correlations coefficients.

The formulas for some measures of association can result in values with either positive or negative signs. Under which of the following circumstances can those signs be meaningfully interpreted?

A symmetric version of a statistic is more accurate than an asymmetric one.

An asymmetric version of a measure of association allows us to:

Two correlated variables do not covary.

[Instructor: Use this question if the associated slide presentations have been used.] Relationships can be used for which of the following purposes?

If you have a hypothesis, you should use an asymmetric version of a statistic if one is available.

Given two correlation coefficients, -.45 and .35, the one with a value of -.45 is larger.

Inferential statistics do not provide a measure of the amount of relationship.

A directional relationship

Association is expressed as a number between 1.0 and zero.

Even if the probability level is not significant, a measure of association is still useful.

A statistically significant result means that there is

Introduction to Statistics

Levels of Measurement

Graphical Statistics

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Dispersion

Curves and Distributions

Frequency Distributions

Elementary Relationships: Crosstabulation Tables

Hypotheses and Sampling Distributions

Statistical Significance

Testing for Significance: the Chi-Square Test

Testing for Significance in Two Groups: The T-Test

Testing for Significance in Multiple Groups: The Analysis of Variance Statistic

Testing for Association: Phi

Testing for Association: Pearsons R and Regression

Doing Real Research: Elementary Multivariate Relationships

Statistics and Data Analysis

Filters