Question 1

What is biological magnification?

Accepted Answer

A)  The process of making small living organisms larger 
B)  The abnormal growth of organisms 
C)  The accumulation of toxic substances in a living organism 
D)  An increase in the size of a population 
E)  The breakdown of macromolecules into harmless substances 
A)  The process of making small living organisms larger 
B)  The abnormal growth of organisms 
C)  The accumulation of toxic substances in a living organism 
D)  An increase in the size of a population 
E)  The breakdown of macromolecules into harmless substances

Question 2

If you were a researcher trying to design a pesticide that would not accumulate by biological magnification, what two properties should the pesticide have?

Accepted Answer

It should break down

Question 3

When a rabbit eats the lettuce in your garden, the rabbit uses all of the energy in the lettuce.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The three major reservoirs of carbon are

Accepted Answer

A)  oceans, the atmosphere, and fossil fuels. 
B)  rocks, the atmosphere, and guano. 
C)  acid precipitation, carbon- fixing bacteria, and oceans. 
D)  soil, water, and the atmosphere. 
E)  fossil fuels, legumes, and micronutrients. 
A)  oceans, the atmosphere, and fossil fuels. 
B)  rocks, the atmosphere, and guano. 
C)  acid precipitation, carbon- fixing bacteria, and oceans. 
D)  soil, water, and the atmosphere. 
E)  fossil fuels, legumes, and micronutrients.

Question 5

Why is phosphorus so important to living organisms?

Accepted Answer

In the form of phosphate, phos

Question 6

Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases cause Earth's temperature to increase by

Accepted Answer

A)  allowing greater transmission of incoming solar radiation. 
B)  absorbing heat energy and holding it close to Earth. 
C)  increasing the amount of radiation from Earth's surface. 
D)  increasing plant respiration. 
E)  reducing photosynthetic rates. 
A)  allowing greater transmission of incoming solar radiation. 
B)  absorbing heat energy and holding it close to Earth. 
C)  increasing the amount of radiation from Earth's surface. 
D)  increasing plant respiration. 
E)  reducing photosynthetic rates.

Question 7

A deer that gets its energy from eating plants is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  omnivore. 
B)  producer. 
C)  carnivore. 
D)  tertiary consumer. 
E)  herbivore. 
A)  omnivore. 
B)  producer. 
C)  carnivore. 
D)  tertiary consumer. 
E)  herbivore.

Question 8

Nitrogen is fixed by soil bacteria and is then incorporated into plant biomass and eventually into the food chain. What process(es) complete the global nitrogen cycle?

Accepted Answer

Decomposers turn the nitrogen in dead pl

Question 9

In the cycle, water is cycled among the atmosphere, oceans, and living organisms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the cycle, water is cycled among...

Question 10

Bacteria that live in deep- sea thermal vents use energy from inorganic hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to make organic molecules from carbon dioxide and are thus

Accepted Answer

A)  tertiary consumers. 
B)  primary consumers. 
C)  decomposers. 
D)  secondary consumers. 
E)  producers. 
A)  tertiary consumers. 
B)  primary consumers. 
C)  decomposers. 
D)  secondary consumers. 
E)  producers.

Question 11

The greenhouse effect, which has become a major ecological concern, is caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  the increase in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (CO2,CH4, and N2O). 
B)  overuse of fertilizers in farming. 
C)  the release of heat energy from burning fossil fuels. 
D)  the destruction of ozone in the upper atmosphere. 
E)  global warming. 
A)  the increase in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (CO2,CH4, and N2O). 
B)  overuse of fertilizers in farming. 
C)  the release of heat energy from burning fossil fuels. 
D)  the destruction of ozone in the upper atmosphere. 
E)  global warming.

Question 12

Why is the concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere rapidly increasing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Earth is warming. 
B)  The ozone layer has become much thinner. 
C)  More photosynthesis is occurring. 
D)  The oceans are cooling. 
E)  Many human activities release carbon dioxide. 
A)  Earth is warming. 
B)  The ozone layer has become much thinner. 
C)  More photosynthesis is occurring. 
D)  The oceans are cooling. 
E)  Many human activities release carbon dioxide.

Question 13

Farmers often include legumes as part of their normal crop rotation. This practice increases the overall production of their crops by

Accepted Answer

A)  suppressing the growth of weeds. 
B)  helping the soil retain water. 
C)  making the soil less acidic. 
D)  adding nitrogen to the soil. 
E)  adding phosphorus to the soil. 
A)  suppressing the growth of weeds. 
B)  helping the soil retain water. 
C)  making the soil less acidic. 
D)  adding nitrogen to the soil. 
E)  adding phosphorus to the soil.

Question 14

A carnivore is usually a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  autotroph. 
B)  primary producer. 
C)  secondary consumer. 
D)  primary consumer. 
E)  secondary producer. 
A)  autotroph. 
B)  primary producer. 
C)  secondary consumer. 
D)  primary consumer. 
E)  secondary producer.

Question 15

The global phosphorus cycle is called a "cycle," yet it has no atmospheric component. Phosphorus weathers from rocks and enters the soil. Once phosphorus is incorporated into plants or animals, how is it returned to the rock phase?

Accepted Answer

Decomposers return the phosphorus from d

Question 16

The hydrologic cycle is different from other nutrient cycles in that

Accepted Answer

A)  the ocean is involved. 
B)  water is not recycled, but flows one way through ecosystems. 
C)  the biotic part of the cycle plays only a small role. 
D)  the atmosphere is involved. 
E)  the soil is not involved. 
A)  the ocean is involved. 
B)  water is not recycled, but flows one way through ecosystems. 
C)  the biotic part of the cycle plays only a small role. 
D)  the atmosphere is involved. 
E)  the soil is not involved.

Question 17

The community of detritivores, such as earthworms, millipedes, slugs, and pseudoscorpions, living in the leaf litter on the shady floor of a deciduous forest obtains its energy and nutrients primarily from

Accepted Answer

A)  photosynthesis or algae living in the soil beneath the leaves. 
B)  predation on one another. 
C)  chemosynthesis by green and purple sulfur bacteria living on the surface of the leaves. 
D)  decomposition of the leaves of deciduous trees that fall on the surface of the soil. 
E)  carbohydrates formed in the roots of the trees that leach out into the surrounding soil. 
A)  photosynthesis or algae living in the soil beneath the leaves. 
B)  predation on one another. 
C)  chemosynthesis by green and purple sulfur bacteria living on the surface of the leaves. 
D)  decomposition of the leaves of deciduous trees that fall on the surface of the soil. 
E)  carbohydrates formed in the roots of the trees that leach out into the surrounding soil.

Question 18

The first trophic level of an ecosystem consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  heterotrophs. 
B)  secondary consumers. 
C)  producers. 
D)  detritus feeders. 
E)  primary consumers. 
A)  heterotrophs. 
B)  secondary consumers. 
C)  producers. 
D)  detritus feeders. 
E)  primary consumers.

Question 19

The amount of energy captured by plants and made available to consumers in an ecosystem is called

Accepted Answer

A)  energy pyramid. 
B)  biological magnification. 
C)  nutrient cycling. 
D)  net primary productivity. 
E)  secondary trophic level. 
A)  energy pyramid. 
B)  biological magnification. 
C)  nutrient cycling. 
D)  net primary productivity. 
E)  secondary trophic level.

Question 20

Phosphate fertilizers have increased the amount of phosphate in lakes and other bodies of water. What effect does this increase have on the phytoplankton in the water?

Accepted Answer

A)  It increases their likelihood of being eaten. 
B)  It stimulates their growth. 
C)  It causes them to form toxic compounds. 
D)  It reduces their photosynthetic capacity. 
E)  It kills them. 
A)  It increases their likelihood of being eaten. 
B)  It stimulates their growth. 
C)  It causes them to form toxic compounds. 
D)  It reduces their photosynthetic capacity. 
E)  It kills them.

Exam 29: Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

What is biological magnification?

If you were a researcher trying to design a pesticide that would not accumulate by biological magnification, what two properties should the pesticide have?

When a rabbit eats the lettuce in your garden, the rabbit uses all of the energy in the lettuce.

The three major reservoirs of carbon are

Why is phosphorus so important to living organisms?

Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases cause Earth's temperature to increase by

A deer that gets its energy from eating plants is a(n)

Nitrogen is fixed by soil bacteria and is then incorporated into plant biomass and eventually into the food chain. What process(es) complete the global nitrogen cycle?

In the cycle, water is cycled among the atmosphere, oceans, and living organisms.

Bacteria that live in deep- sea thermal vents use energy from inorganic hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to make organic molecules from carbon dioxide and are thus

The greenhouse effect, which has become a major ecological concern, is caused by

Why is the concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere rapidly increasing?

Farmers often include legumes as part of their normal crop rotation. This practice increases the overall production of their crops by

A carnivore is usually a(n)

The global phosphorus cycle is called a "cycle," yet it has no atmospheric component. Phosphorus weathers from rocks and enters the soil. Once phosphorus is incorporated into plants or animals, how is it returned to the rock phase?

The hydrologic cycle is different from other nutrient cycles in that

The community of detritivores, such as earthworms, millipedes, slugs, and pseudoscorpions, living in the leaf litter on the shady floor of a deciduous forest obtains its energy and nutrients primarily from

The first trophic level of an ecosystem consists of

The amount of energy captured by plants and made available to consumers in an ecosystem is called

Phosphate fertilizers have increased the amount of phosphate in lakes and other bodies of water. What effect does this increase have on the phytoplankton in the water?

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna: the Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity II: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

Filters

Bacteria that live in deep- sea thermal vents use energy from inorganic hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) to make organic molecules from carbon dioxide and are thus