Question 1

Marine reserves are .

Accepted Answer

A)  military personnel responsible for policing the open ocean waters for illegal whaling operations 
B)  "no-take" areas in the oceans 
C)  military personnel responsible for policing the coastlines for illegal fishing operations 
D)  opposed by most environmentalists because the reserves are ineffective at protecting fish, since fishing is often still allowed 
A)  military personnel responsible for policing the open ocean waters for illegal whaling operations 
B)  "no-take" areas in the oceans 
C)  military personnel responsible for policing the coastlines for illegal fishing operations 
D)  opposed by most environmentalists because the reserves are ineffective at protecting fish, since fishing is often still allowed

Question 2

Most coral reefs are located in shallow water because below this depth, .

Accepted Answer

A)  there is not enough oxygen 
B)  water temperatures are too cold for coral to grow 
C)  water currents are too fast for coral to colonize 
D)  sunlight levels are too low to sustain the photosynthetic algae living within the coral exoskeleton 
A)  there is not enough oxygen 
B)  water temperatures are too cold for coral to grow 
C)  water currents are too fast for coral to colonize 
D)  sunlight levels are too low to sustain the photosynthetic algae living within the coral exoskeleton

Question 3

-Which of the following most accurately describes the process by which a dead zone occurs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased nutrients lead to increased growth of algae and plants. When these organisms die, decomposers use oxygen in the water to break down the dead organisms. Fish and other marine organisms are thus robbed of the oxygen they need. 
B)  Overharvesting and poor fishing techniques create areas devoid of life within the ocean. 
C)  Nutrient runoff leads to increased growth of aquatic algae and plants, which remove oxygen from water in order to photosynthesize. Fish and other marine organisms are thus robbed of the oxygen they need. 
D)  Fertilizers and pesticides are carried from cities and farmland to the oceans, where these pollutants kill fish and other marine organisms, creating a zone devoid of life near shore. 
A)  Increased nutrients lead to increased growth of algae and plants. When these organisms die, decomposers use oxygen in the water to break down the dead organisms. Fish and other marine organisms are thus robbed of the oxygen they need. 
B)  Overharvesting and poor fishing techniques create areas devoid of life within the ocean. 
C)  Nutrient runoff leads to increased growth of aquatic algae and plants, which remove oxygen from water in order to photosynthesize. Fish and other marine organisms are thus robbed of the oxygen they need. 
D)  Fertilizers and pesticides are carried from cities and farmland to the oceans, where these pollutants kill fish and other marine organisms, creating a zone devoid of life near shore.

Question 4

All of the following would be classified as nekton except .

Accepted Answer

A)  whales 
B)  sharks 
C)  sea otters 
D)  lobsters 
A)  whales 
B)  sharks 
C)  sea otters 
D)  lobsters

Question 5

Explain how increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels affect coral reef ecosystems.

Accepted Answer

Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide le

Question 6

Which of the following would occur during a La Niña event?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trade winds weaken, causing droughts in the United States and Southeast Asia. 
B)  Trade winds weaken, causing greater upwelling of cold water off the west coast of South America. 
C)  Trade winds strengthen, causing greater upwelling of cold water off the west coast of South America. 
D)  Trade winds strengthen, causing the waters in the tropical eastern Pacific to become warmer than normal. 
A)  Trade winds weaken, causing droughts in the United States and Southeast Asia. 
B)  Trade winds weaken, causing greater upwelling of cold water off the west coast of South America. 
C)  Trade winds strengthen, causing greater upwelling of cold water off the west coast of South America. 
D)  Trade winds strengthen, causing the waters in the tropical eastern Pacific to become warmer than normal.

Question 7

What is a key source of ions found in ocean water?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ions are produced in the process of evaporation of ocean water. 
B)  The ions originate from the weathering of rocks on land. 
C)  The ions originate from marine organisms that have decomposed on the bottom of the ocean. 
D)  The ions originate from salts contained in rainwater. 
A)  The ions are produced in the process of evaporation of ocean water. 
B)  The ions originate from the weathering of rocks on land. 
C)  The ions originate from marine organisms that have decomposed on the bottom of the ocean. 
D)  The ions originate from salts contained in rainwater.

Question 8

As water in the Gulf Stream travels toward northern Europe, it becomes .

Accepted Answer

A)  saltier, less dense, and warmer 
B)  less salty, less dense, and warmer 
C)  saltier and colder 
D)  colder and less dense 
A)  saltier, less dense, and warmer 
B)  less salty, less dense, and warmer 
C)  saltier and colder 
D)  colder and less dense

Question 9

-In what ocean are you least likely to find the patterns shown in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Indian Ocean 
B)  Pacific Ocean 
C)  Atlantic Ocean 
D)  Arctic Ocean 
A)  Indian Ocean 
B)  Pacific Ocean 
C)  Atlantic Ocean 
D)  Arctic Ocean

Question 10

-Which of the following can be inferred from the information in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Salinity closely relates to water temperature. 
B)  Water pressure affects both salinity and water temperature. 
C)  Cold water is denser than warm water. 
D)  Light can penetrate oceans to a depth of only 1500m. 
A)  Salinity closely relates to water temperature. 
B)  Water pressure affects both salinity and water temperature. 
C)  Cold water is denser than warm water. 
D)  Light can penetrate oceans to a depth of only 1500m.

Question 11

-The zone forms the boundary between marine ecosystems and terrestrial environments.

Accepted Answer

A)  benthic 
B)  intertidal 
C)  photic 
D)  pelagic 
A)  benthic 
B)  intertidal 
C)  photic 
D)  pelagic

Question 12

Major ecosystem impacts of oil spills include all of the following except .

Accepted Answer

A)  death of vegetation along coastlines where the oil has washed ashore   
B)  risk of fire along coastlines where the flammable material has washed ashore 
C)  suffocation of animals whose gills or lungs have been compromised with oil 
D)  death of birds that have been immobilized by the oil coating their feathers 
A)  death of vegetation along coastlines where the oil has washed ashore   
B)  risk of fire along coastlines where the flammable material has washed ashore 
C)  suffocation of animals whose gills or lungs have been compromised with oil 
D)  death of birds that have been immobilized by the oil coating their feathers

Question 13

The practice of aquaculture provides which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anchovies caught off the coast of Peru 
B)  Salmon raised in pens along the coast of Norway 
C)  Coral jewelry such as necklaces 
D)  Tomatoes grown in troughs of nutrient- enriched water 
A)  Anchovies caught off the coast of Peru 
B)  Salmon raised in pens along the coast of Norway 
C)  Coral jewelry such as necklaces 
D)  Tomatoes grown in troughs of nutrient- enriched water

Question 14

-The fishing method shown in this figure .

Accepted Answer

A)  can be used for capturing lobster 
B)  is an effective way to prevent overharvesting of commercial species 
C)  selectively harvests a single species of fish 
D)  is specially designed to prevent damage to the seafloor 
A)  can be used for capturing lobster 
B)  is an effective way to prevent overharvesting of commercial species 
C)  selectively harvests a single species of fish 
D)  is specially designed to prevent damage to the seafloor

Question 15

Which of the following oil spills was not caused by a tanker accident?

Accepted Answer

A)  Valdez 
B)  Prestige 
C)  Deepwater Horizon 
D)  All of the choices were tanker accidents. 
A)  Valdez 
B)  Prestige 
C)  Deepwater Horizon 
D)  All of the choices were tanker accidents.

Question 16

An estuary is .

Accepted Answer

A)  a coral reef ecosystem that has experienced bleaching because of changes in water temperature 
B)  a landform created from the silt that moves down a river and into the ocean 
C)  a person who compiles and analyzes statistics to determine the maximum allowable catch for fish and other seafood 
D)  a biologically rich area where a river flows into the ocean, where fresh- and saltwater mix 
A)  a coral reef ecosystem that has experienced bleaching because of changes in water temperature 
B)  a landform created from the silt that moves down a river and into the ocean 
C)  a person who compiles and analyzes statistics to determine the maximum allowable catch for fish and other seafood 
D)  a biologically rich area where a river flows into the ocean, where fresh- and saltwater mix

Question 17

How would the increased melting of Arctic glaciers caused by global climate change affect thermohaline circulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The increased melting of Arctic glaciers would increase the flow of cold water into the Arctic Ocean, resulting in an increased density of the Arctic Ocean. 
B)  The increased melting of Arctic glaciers would increase runoff into the Arctic Ocean, raising sea levels and causing thermohaline circulation patterns to reverse direction and flow away from, rather than toward, the Arctic Ocean. 
C)  The increased melting of Arctic glaciers would increase the flow of ions into the Arctic Ocean, increasing the salinity and density of the Arctic Ocean. 
D)  The increased melting of Arctic glaciers would increase the flow of fresh water into the Arctic Ocean, resulting in decreased salinity and density of the Arctic Ocean. 
A)  The increased melting of Arctic glaciers would increase the flow of cold water into the Arctic Ocean, resulting in an increased density of the Arctic Ocean. 
B)  The increased melting of Arctic glaciers would increase runoff into the Arctic Ocean, raising sea levels and causing thermohaline circulation patterns to reverse direction and flow away from, rather than toward, the Arctic Ocean. 
C)  The increased melting of Arctic glaciers would increase the flow of ions into the Arctic Ocean, increasing the salinity and density of the Arctic Ocean. 
D)  The increased melting of Arctic glaciers would increase the flow of fresh water into the Arctic Ocean, resulting in decreased salinity and density of the Arctic Ocean.

Question 18

The global fish harvest was around 100 million tons in 1990 and grew to almost 180 million tons in 2010. This growth of the global fish harvest has mostly been due to increases in _.

Accepted Answer

A)  the use of aquaculture 
B)  saltwater capture fisheries 
C)  ocean temperature 
D)  volumes of the major rivers of the world 
A)  the use of aquaculture 
B)  saltwater capture fisheries 
C)  ocean temperature 
D)  volumes of the major rivers of the world

Question 19

-What is the name of the area of the ocean in the shallow water bordering continents?

Accepted Answer

A)  Continental zone 
B)  Coastal zone 
C)  Surface zone 
D)  Reef zone 
A)  Continental zone 
B)  Coastal zone 
C)  Surface zone 
D)  Reef zone

Question 20

Which of the following statements most accurately describes temperature and density patterns in Earth's oceans?

Accepted Answer

A)  Density generally increases and temperature generally decreases with depth. 
B)  Warm tropical waters are denser than waters at high latitudes. 
C)  Density and temperature generally increase with depth. 
D)  The densest and warmest waters are found in the tropics. 
A)  Density generally increases and temperature generally decreases with depth. 
B)  Warm tropical waters are denser than waters at high latitudes. 
C)  Density and temperature generally increase with depth. 
D)  The densest and warmest waters are found in the tropics.

Marine reserves are .

Most coral reefs are located in shallow water because below this depth, .

-Which of the following most accurately describes the process by which a dead zone occurs?

All of the following would be classified as nekton except .

Explain how increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels affect coral reef ecosystems.

Which of the following would occur during a La Niña event?

What is a key source of ions found in ocean water?

As water in the Gulf Stream travels toward northern Europe, it becomes .

-In what ocean are you least likely to find the patterns shown in the figure?

-Which of the following can be inferred from the information in the figure?

-The zone forms the boundary between marine ecosystems and terrestrial environments.

Major ecosystem impacts of oil spills include all of the following except .

The practice of aquaculture provides which of the following?

-The fishing method shown in this figure .

Which of the following oil spills was not caused by a tanker accident?

An estuary is .

How would the increased melting of Arctic glaciers caused by global climate change affect thermohaline circulation?

The global fish harvest was around 100 million tons in 1990 and grew to almost 180 million tons in 2010. This growth of the global fish harvest has mostly been due to increases in _.

-What is the name of the area of the ocean in the shallow water bordering continents?

Which of the following statements most accurately describes temperature and density patterns in Earth's oceans?

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Exam 15: Solid and Hazardous Waste

Marine reserves are .

Most coral reefs are located in shallow water because below this depth, .

-Which of the following most accurately describes the process by which a dead zone occurs?

All of the following would be classified as nekton except .

Explain how increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels affect coral reef ecosystems.

Which of the following would occur during a La Niña event?

What is a key source of ions found in ocean water?

As water in the Gulf Stream travels toward northern Europe, it becomes .

-In what ocean are you least likely to find the patterns shown in the figure?

-Which of the following can be inferred from the information in the figure?

-The zone forms the boundary between marine ecosystems and terrestrial environments.

Major ecosystem impacts of oil spills include all of the following except .

The practice of aquaculture provides which of the following?

-The fishing method shown in this figure .

Which of the following oil spills was not caused by a tanker accident?

An estuary is .

How would the increased melting of Arctic glaciers caused by global climate change affect thermohaline circulation?

The global fish harvest was around 100 million tons in 1990 and grew to almost 180 million tons in 2010. This growth of the global fish harvest has mostly been due to increases in _.

-What is the name of the area of the ocean in the shallow water bordering continents?

Which of the following statements most accurately describes temperature and density patterns in Earth's oceans?

The Science of Sustainability

Environmental Policy

Economics and Values

Biodiversity and Evolution

Populations and Communities

Ecosystems and Biomes

Biogeochemical Cycles

Freshwater

Atmosphere and Air Pollution

Oceans

Climate

Human Populations

Land Use

Agriculture

Human Health and the Environment

Energy Use

Nonrenewable Energy

Renewable Energy

Science Fundamentals

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