Question 1

How do secondary and tertiary circular reactions differ?

Accepted Answer

Secondary circular reactions are goal-di

Question 2

The first words that infants produce

Accepted Answer

A)  are very similar across cultures. 
B)  tend to be objects that are brightly colored and shiny. 
C)  have no specific degree of predictability. 
D)  are mostly general and specific nominals. 
A)  are very similar across cultures. 
B)  tend to be objects that are brightly colored and shiny. 
C)  have no specific degree of predictability. 
D)  are mostly general and specific nominals.

Question 3

Which of the following represents a primary circular reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kala accidentally touches her nose with her thumb and then repeats it. 
B)  Jose turns toward the sound of the phone ringing. 
C)  Lorenzo kicks his mobile over and over because it makes it move. 
D)  Megan pulls her blanket so it will bring her teddy bear close enough to grab it. 
A)  Kala accidentally touches her nose with her thumb and then repeats it. 
B)  Jose turns toward the sound of the phone ringing. 
C)  Lorenzo kicks his mobile over and over because it makes it move. 
D)  Megan pulls her blanket so it will bring her teddy bear close enough to grab it.

Question 4

By what age will a child demonstrate coordination of secondary schemes?

Accepted Answer

A)  By 2-3 months 
B)  By 4-5 months 
C)  Not until 8-9 months 
D)  Not until 12-18 months 
A)  By 2-3 months 
B)  By 4-5 months 
C)  Not until 8-9 months 
D)  Not until 12-18 months

Question 5

Match the following:
-Psycholinguistic theory

Accepted Answer

A) average number of morphemes in an utterance 
B) words the child can use 
C) assesses mental and motor abilities 
D) underlying meaning of a sentence 
E) discriminate known objects from novel objects
F)one-word utterance that conveys a sentence of meaning
G)words the child knows
H)learning language results from an interaction between the environment and an inborn tendency
I)repeat behaviors that affect the environment
J)one example is babbling
K)concept of the world
L)modification of existing schemes
M)"Car go!"
N)communication through symbols formed by moving hands and arms
O)items exist even when out of sight
P)imitation of people or events that occurred in the past
Q)automatic repetition of sounds or words
R)characterized by impaired comprehension of speech
S)schemes are applied to specific situations
T)period during which the brain is capable of learning language due to its plasticity 
A) average number of morphemes in an utterance 
B) words the child can use 
C) assesses mental and motor abilities 
D) underlying meaning of a sentence 
E) discriminate known objects from novel objects
F)one-word utterance that conveys a sentence of meaning
G)words the child knows
H)learning language results from an interaction between the environment and an inborn tendency
I)repeat behaviors that affect the environment
J)one example is babbling
K)concept of the world
L)modification of existing schemes
M)"Car go!"
N)communication through symbols formed by moving hands and arms
O)items exist even when out of sight
P)imitation of people or events that occurred in the past
Q)automatic repetition of sounds or words
R)characterized by impaired comprehension of speech
S)schemes are applied to specific situations
T)period during which the brain is capable of learning language due to its plasticity

Question 6

What is a holophrase?

Accepted Answer

A)  The first complete sentence that a child utters 
B)  A double-word utterance that a child speaks around 14 months of age 
C)  A single word utterance that expresses a complex meaning 
D)  A first word from the infant accompanied by physical gestures 
A)  The first complete sentence that a child utters 
B)  A double-word utterance that a child speaks around 14 months of age 
C)  A single word utterance that expresses a complex meaning 
D)  A first word from the infant accompanied by physical gestures

Question 7

Which of the following is not a proposed reason why newborns possess an imitation reflex?

Accepted Answer

A)  It contributes to caregiver-infant bonding. 
B)  It helps ensure survival of the newborn. 
C)  It may be due to "mirror neurons" in the human brain. 
D)  It helps the child elicit information about who his or her parent is. 
A)  It contributes to caregiver-infant bonding. 
B)  It helps ensure survival of the newborn. 
C)  It may be due to "mirror neurons" in the human brain. 
D)  It helps the child elicit information about who his or her parent is.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a tertiary circular reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kala accidentally touches her nose with her thumb, it makes her laugh, she then repeats the action, and it makes her laugh again. 
B)  Jose turns toward the sound of the phone ringing. 
C)  Lorenzo kicks his mobile over and over because it makes it move. 
D)  After many tries, Megan turns her toy sideways and is able to pull it into the crib; now, whenever she wants the toy, she turns it sideways to pull it through. 
A)  Kala accidentally touches her nose with her thumb, it makes her laugh, she then repeats the action, and it makes her laugh again. 
B)  Jose turns toward the sound of the phone ringing. 
C)  Lorenzo kicks his mobile over and over because it makes it move. 
D)  After many tries, Megan turns her toy sideways and is able to pull it into the crib; now, whenever she wants the toy, she turns it sideways to pull it through.

Question 9

How many days after learning a task can a typical 2-month-old remember it?

Accepted Answer

A)  A few hours 
B)  12 hours 
C)  Up to 2 days 
D)  Up to 3 days 
A)  A few hours 
B)  12 hours 
C)  Up to 2 days 
D)  Up to 3 days

Question 10

Mean length of utterance (MLU) refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the average number of morphemes a child uses in a sentence. 
B)  the total number of sounds a child makes when trying to express herself. 
C)  the average number of letters in the child's usual utterances. 
D)  the amount of time that passes between when a child starts and stops speaking. 
A)  the average number of morphemes a child uses in a sentence. 
B)  the total number of sounds a child makes when trying to express herself. 
C)  the average number of letters in the child's usual utterances. 
D)  the amount of time that passes between when a child starts and stops speaking.

Question 11

What does the phrase "A not B error" mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children will not search for hidden objects unless given an incentive. 
B)  Children will randomly search for hidden objects, but will quickly become frustrated and give up. 
C)  A child may reach for a hidden object where it has always been, yet still reach there even when they see the toy hidden somewhere else. 
D)  A child will search for a hidden toy but will quickly become distracted by other, more interesting objects. 
A)  Children will not search for hidden objects unless given an incentive. 
B)  Children will randomly search for hidden objects, but will quickly become frustrated and give up. 
C)  A child may reach for a hidden object where it has always been, yet still reach there even when they see the toy hidden somewhere else. 
D)  A child will search for a hidden toy but will quickly become distracted by other, more interesting objects.

Question 12

Bettina Pollock and colleagues (2000) found that magpies

Accepted Answer

A)  go from primary to tertiary circular reactions, bypassing secondary circular reactions. 
B)  hide food, but do not possess object permanence. 
C)  develop object permanence before hiding food. 
D)  use deferred imitation. 
A)  go from primary to tertiary circular reactions, bypassing secondary circular reactions. 
B)  hide food, but do not possess object permanence. 
C)  develop object permanence before hiding food. 
D)  use deferred imitation.

Question 13

Piaget may have underestimated infants' cognitive competence. For example, more recent research finds that infants develop object permanence, as well as , earlier than Piaget hypothesized.

Accepted Answer

A)  accommodation 
B)  deferred imitation 
C)  simple reflexes 
D)  trial-and-error problem solving 
A)  accommodation 
B)  deferred imitation 
C)  simple reflexes 
D)  trial-and-error problem solving

Question 14

The imitation reflex may contribute to caregiver-infant bonding and newborn survival.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Match the following:
-Wernicke's aphasia

Accepted Answer

A) average number of morphemes in an utterance 
B) words the child can use 
C) assesses mental and motor abilities 
D) underlying meaning of a sentence 
E) discriminate known objects from novel objects
F)one-word utterance that conveys a sentence of meaning
G)words the child knows
H)learning language results from an interaction between the environment and an inborn tendency
I)repeat behaviors that affect the environment
J)one example is babbling
K)concept of the world
L)modification of existing schemes
M)"Car go!"
N)communication through symbols formed by moving hands and arms
O)items exist even when out of sight
P)imitation of people or events that occurred in the past
Q)automatic repetition of sounds or words
R)characterized by impaired comprehension of speech
S)schemes are applied to specific situations
T)period during which the brain is capable of learning language due to its plasticity 
A) average number of morphemes in an utterance 
B) words the child can use 
C) assesses mental and motor abilities 
D) underlying meaning of a sentence 
E) discriminate known objects from novel objects
F)one-word utterance that conveys a sentence of meaning
G)words the child knows
H)learning language results from an interaction between the environment and an inborn tendency
I)repeat behaviors that affect the environment
J)one example is babbling
K)concept of the world
L)modification of existing schemes
M)"Car go!"
N)communication through symbols formed by moving hands and arms
O)items exist even when out of sight
P)imitation of people or events that occurred in the past
Q)automatic repetition of sounds or words
R)characterized by impaired comprehension of speech
S)schemes are applied to specific situations
T)period during which the brain is capable of learning language due to its plasticity

Question 16

A main reason to test infant intelligence is so that we can

Accepted Answer

A)  ensure that gifted children are enrolled in gifted academic programs. 
B)  try to detect early sensory or neurological problems. 
C)  predict adult intelligence test scores. 
D)  determine if infants in the current generation are more intelligent than infants from past generations. 
A)  ensure that gifted children are enrolled in gifted academic programs. 
B)  try to detect early sensory or neurological problems. 
C)  predict adult intelligence test scores. 
D)  determine if infants in the current generation are more intelligent than infants from past generations.

Question 17

Research on infant-directed speech indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  mothers are the only people to speak to infants in this manner. 
B)  it is not used cross-culturally. 
C)  it is used in many diverse languages. 
D)  its use varies by age and ethnicity of the parents. 
A)  mothers are the only people to speak to infants in this manner. 
B)  it is not used cross-culturally. 
C)  it is used in many diverse languages. 
D)  its use varies by age and ethnicity of the parents.

Question 18

Match the following:
-Tertiary circular reaction

Accepted Answer

A) average number of morphemes in an utterance 
B) words the child can use 
C) assesses mental and motor abilities 
D) underlying meaning of a sentence 
E) discriminate known objects from novel objects
F)one-word utterance that conveys a sentence of meaning
G)words the child knows
H)learning language results from an interaction between the environment and an inborn tendency
I)repeat behaviors that affect the environment
J)one example is babbling
K)concept of the world
L)modification of existing schemes
M)"Car go!"
N)communication through symbols formed by moving hands and arms
O)items exist even when out of sight
P)imitation of people or events that occurred in the past
Q)automatic repetition of sounds or words
R)characterized by impaired comprehension of speech
S)schemes are applied to specific situations
T)period during which the brain is capable of learning language due to its plasticity 
A) average number of morphemes in an utterance 
B) words the child can use 
C) assesses mental and motor abilities 
D) underlying meaning of a sentence 
E) discriminate known objects from novel objects
F)one-word utterance that conveys a sentence of meaning
G)words the child knows
H)learning language results from an interaction between the environment and an inborn tendency
I)repeat behaviors that affect the environment
J)one example is babbling
K)concept of the world
L)modification of existing schemes
M)"Car go!"
N)communication through symbols formed by moving hands and arms
O)items exist even when out of sight
P)imitation of people or events that occurred in the past
Q)automatic repetition of sounds or words
R)characterized by impaired comprehension of speech
S)schemes are applied to specific situations
T)period during which the brain is capable of learning language due to its plasticity

Question 19

The classic research of Eve Clark (1973; 1975) indicated that in terms of overextension,

Accepted Answer

A)  babies born in the United States use overextension more than babies born in other countries. 
B)  boys use overextension more than girls. 
C)  children use overextension to the same extent their parents use overextension. 
D)  its use is based upon perceived similarities in form or function between the original object and the new one. 
A)  babies born in the United States use overextension more than babies born in other countries. 
B)  boys use overextension more than girls. 
C)  children use overextension to the same extent their parents use overextension. 
D)  its use is based upon perceived similarities in form or function between the original object and the new one.

Question 20

Match the following:
-Deferred imitation

Accepted Answer

A) average number of morphemes in an utterance 
B) words the child can use 
C) assesses mental and motor abilities 
D) underlying meaning of a sentence 
E) discriminate known objects from novel objects
F)one-word utterance that conveys a sentence of meaning
G)words the child knows
H)learning language results from an interaction between the environment and an inborn tendency
I)repeat behaviors that affect the environment
J)one example is babbling
K)concept of the world
L)modification of existing schemes
M)"Car go!"
N)communication through symbols formed by moving hands and arms
O)items exist even when out of sight
P)imitation of people or events that occurred in the past
Q)automatic repetition of sounds or words
R)characterized by impaired comprehension of speech
S)schemes are applied to specific situations
T)period during which the brain is capable of learning language due to its plasticity 
A) average number of morphemes in an utterance 
B) words the child can use 
C) assesses mental and motor abilities 
D) underlying meaning of a sentence 
E) discriminate known objects from novel objects
F)one-word utterance that conveys a sentence of meaning
G)words the child knows
H)learning language results from an interaction between the environment and an inborn tendency
I)repeat behaviors that affect the environment
J)one example is babbling
K)concept of the world
L)modification of existing schemes
M)"Car go!"
N)communication through symbols formed by moving hands and arms
O)items exist even when out of sight
P)imitation of people or events that occurred in the past
Q)automatic repetition of sounds or words
R)characterized by impaired comprehension of speech
S)schemes are applied to specific situations
T)period during which the brain is capable of learning language due to its plasticity

How do secondary and tertiary circular reactions differ?

The first words that infants produce

Which of the following represents a primary circular reaction?

By what age will a child demonstrate coordination of secondary schemes?

Match the following: -Psycholinguistic theory

What is a holophrase?

Which of the following is not a proposed reason why newborns possess an imitation reflex?

Which of the following is an example of a tertiary circular reaction?

How many days after learning a task can a typical 2-month-old remember it?

Mean length of utterance (MLU) refers to

What does the phrase "A not B error" mean?

Bettina Pollock and colleagues (2000) found that magpies

Piaget may have underestimated infants' cognitive competence. For example, more recent research finds that infants develop object permanence, as well as , earlier than Piaget hypothesized.

The imitation reflex may contribute to caregiver-infant bonding and newborn survival.

Match the following: -Wernicke's aphasia

A main reason to test infant intelligence is so that we can

Research on infant-directed speech indicates that

Match the following: -Tertiary circular reaction

The classic research of Eve Clark (1973; 1975) indicated that in terms of overextension,

Match the following: -Deferred imitation

History-Theories-And-Methods

Heredity-And-Conception

Prenatal-Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby: in the New World

Infancy-Physical-Development

Infancy-Social-And-Emotional-Development

Early-Childhood-Physical-Development

Early-Childhood-Cognitive-Development

Early Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Childhood: Physical Development

Middle-Childhood-Cognitive-Development

Middle Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

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Exam 6: Infancy-Cognitive-Development

How do secondary and tertiary circular reactions differ?

The first words that infants produce

Which of the following represents a primary circular reaction?

By what age will a child demonstrate coordination of secondary schemes?

Match the following: -Psycholinguistic theory

What is a holophrase?

Which of the following is not a proposed reason why newborns possess an imitation reflex?

Which of the following is an example of a tertiary circular reaction?

How many days after learning a task can a typical 2-month-old remember it?

Mean length of utterance (MLU) refers to

What does the phrase "A not B error" mean?

Bettina Pollock and colleagues (2000) found that magpies

Piaget may have underestimated infants' cognitive competence. For example, more recent research finds that infants develop object permanence, as well as , earlier than Piaget hypothesized.

The imitation reflex may contribute to caregiver-infant bonding and newborn survival.

Match the following: -Wernicke's aphasia

A main reason to test infant intelligence is so that we can

Research on infant-directed speech indicates that

Match the following: -Tertiary circular reaction

The classic research of Eve Clark (1973; 1975) indicated that in terms of overextension,

Match the following: -Deferred imitation

History-Theories-And-Methods

Heredity-And-Conception

Prenatal-Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby: in the New World

Infancy-Physical-Development

Infancy-Social-And-Emotional-Development

Early-Childhood-Physical-Development

Early-Childhood-Cognitive-Development

Early Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Childhood: Physical Development

Middle-Childhood-Cognitive-Development

Middle Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Filters