Question 1

Which of the following is one of the mental-scale items from the Bayley test?

Accepted Answer

A)  The infant builds a tower of two blocks after the examiner demonstrates the behavior. 
B)  The infant raises herself to a seated position. 
C)  The infant attempts to pick up a sugar pill that is out of reach. 
D)  The examiner counts the number of times the infant verbalizes in a 2-minute period. 
A)  The infant builds a tower of two blocks after the examiner demonstrates the behavior. 
B)  The infant raises herself to a seated position. 
C)  The infant attempts to pick up a sugar pill that is out of reach. 
D)  The examiner counts the number of times the infant verbalizes in a 2-minute period.

Question 2

A study by Robinson and colleagues (2008) found that in low-income mothers and children

Accepted Answer

A)  maternal scaffolding had no effect on child performance in the "child alone" task. 
B)  mothers who provided the most scaffolding had children who performed best on the "child alone" task. 
C)  mothers who provided the least scaffolding had children who performed best on the "child alone" task. 
D)  maternal scaffolding predicted child intelligence levels. 
A)  maternal scaffolding had no effect on child performance in the "child alone" task. 
B)  mothers who provided the most scaffolding had children who performed best on the "child alone" task. 
C)  mothers who provided the least scaffolding had children who performed best on the "child alone" task. 
D)  maternal scaffolding predicted child intelligence levels.

Question 3

When does the first dramatic improvement in infant memory occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prenatally 
B)  Between 1-2 months of age 
C)  Between 2-6 months of age 
D)  Between 6-8 months of age 
A)  Prenatally 
B)  Between 1-2 months of age 
C)  Between 2-6 months of age 
D)  Between 6-8 months of age

Question 4

A child is shown two objects for 20 seconds. After this, one of the objects is replaced and the infant spends more time looking at the new object. What does this represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  Visual recognition memory 
B)  Selective attention 
C)  Perceptual constancies 
D)  Scaffolding 
A)  Visual recognition memory 
B)  Selective attention 
C)  Perceptual constancies 
D)  Scaffolding

Question 5

Behaviorists explain language acquisition in children as a process involving of sounds in the parent's language and of foreign sounds.

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction; reinforcement 
B)  reinforcement; extinction 
C)  reinforcement; shaping 
D)  shaping; extinction 
A)  extinction; reinforcement 
B)  reinforcement; extinction 
C)  reinforcement; shaping 
D)  shaping; extinction

Question 6

Match the following:
-Echolalia

Accepted Answer

A) average number of morphemes in an utterance 
B) words the child can use 
C) assesses mental and motor abilities 
D) underlying meaning of a sentence 
E) discriminate known objects from novel objects
F)one-word utterance that conveys a sentence of meaning
G)words the child knows
H)learning language results from an interaction between the environment and an inborn tendency
I)repeat behaviors that affect the environment
J)one example is babbling
K)concept of the world
L)modification of existing schemes
M)"Car go!"
N)communication through symbols formed by moving hands and arms
O)items exist even when out of sight
P)imitation of people or events that occurred in the past
Q)automatic repetition of sounds or words
R)characterized by impaired comprehension of speech
S)schemes are applied to specific situations
T)period during which the brain is capable of learning language due to its plasticity 
A) average number of morphemes in an utterance 
B) words the child can use 
C) assesses mental and motor abilities 
D) underlying meaning of a sentence 
E) discriminate known objects from novel objects
F)one-word utterance that conveys a sentence of meaning
G)words the child knows
H)learning language results from an interaction between the environment and an inborn tendency
I)repeat behaviors that affect the environment
J)one example is babbling
K)concept of the world
L)modification of existing schemes
M)"Car go!"
N)communication through symbols formed by moving hands and arms
O)items exist even when out of sight
P)imitation of people or events that occurred in the past
Q)automatic repetition of sounds or words
R)characterized by impaired comprehension of speech
S)schemes are applied to specific situations
T)period during which the brain is capable of learning language due to its plasticity

Question 7

Echolalia involves

Accepted Answer

A)  infants understanding more words than they can say. 
B)  infants speaking words they really don't understand. 
C)  infants repeating syllables. 
D)  making up words that have meaning only to the user. 
A)  infants understanding more words than they can say. 
B)  infants speaking words they really don't understand. 
C)  infants repeating syllables. 
D)  making up words that have meaning only to the user.

Question 8

Leah, a 9-month-old infant, watches as her mother pushes a button on a toy and the toy beeps. Several hours later, Leah pushes the button and the toy beeps. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  deferred imitation. 
B)  imitation. 
C)  instrumental learning. 
D)  classical conditioning. 
A)  deferred imitation. 
B)  imitation. 
C)  instrumental learning. 
D)  classical conditioning.

Question 9

Can a 3-month-old child visually track objects?

Accepted Answer

A)  No 
B)  Yes 
C)  Yes, but only if the object moves very slowly 
D)  Yes, but only if the object is very brightly colored 
A)  No 
B)  Yes 
C)  Yes, but only if the object moves very slowly 
D)  Yes, but only if the object is very brightly colored

Question 10

Improvement in infant memory probably indicates

Accepted Answer

A)  enhanced encoding of information. 
B)  less efficiency in retrieving stored information. 
C)  that older infants use more memory pruning. 
D)  that deferred imitation must come before a child's ability to remember is solidified. 
A)  enhanced encoding of information. 
B)  less efficiency in retrieving stored information. 
C)  that older infants use more memory pruning. 
D)  that deferred imitation must come before a child's ability to remember is solidified.

Question 11

By what age will a child demonstrate tertiary circular reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  By 2-3 months 
B)  By 4-5 months 
C)  By 8-9 months 
D)  Not until 12-18 months 
A)  By 2-3 months 
B)  By 4-5 months 
C)  By 8-9 months 
D)  Not until 12-18 months

Question 12

Match the following:
-American Sign Language (ASL)

Accepted Answer

A) average number of morphemes in an utterance 
B) words the child can use 
C) assesses mental and motor abilities 
D) underlying meaning of a sentence 
E) discriminate known objects from novel objects
F)one-word utterance that conveys a sentence of meaning
G)words the child knows
H)learning language results from an interaction between the environment and an inborn tendency
I)repeat behaviors that affect the environment
J)one example is babbling
K)concept of the world
L)modification of existing schemes
M)"Car go!"
N)communication through symbols formed by moving hands and arms
O)items exist even when out of sight
P)imitation of people or events that occurred in the past
Q)automatic repetition of sounds or words
R)characterized by impaired comprehension of speech
S)schemes are applied to specific situations
T)period during which the brain is capable of learning language due to its plasticity 
A) average number of morphemes in an utterance 
B) words the child can use 
C) assesses mental and motor abilities 
D) underlying meaning of a sentence 
E) discriminate known objects from novel objects
F)one-word utterance that conveys a sentence of meaning
G)words the child knows
H)learning language results from an interaction between the environment and an inborn tendency
I)repeat behaviors that affect the environment
J)one example is babbling
K)concept of the world
L)modification of existing schemes
M)"Car go!"
N)communication through symbols formed by moving hands and arms
O)items exist even when out of sight
P)imitation of people or events that occurred in the past
Q)automatic repetition of sounds or words
R)characterized by impaired comprehension of speech
S)schemes are applied to specific situations
T)period during which the brain is capable of learning language due to its plasticity

Question 13

Rose and her colleagues (2001) showed that visual recognition memory is

Accepted Answer

A)  somewhat stable from age to age. 
B)  related significantly to brain myelination. 
C)  positively correlated with brain weight. 
D)  a good way to screen infants for sensory or neurological problems. 
A)  somewhat stable from age to age. 
B)  related significantly to brain myelination. 
C)  positively correlated with brain weight. 
D)  a good way to screen infants for sensory or neurological problems.

Question 14

According to Piaget, children

Accepted Answer

A)  develop the skills that lead to object permanence by 3 months of age. 
B)  develop an understanding of object permanence all at once. 
C)  come to understand object permanence even without prior experience. 
D)  develop object permanence before they develop emotional bonds to specific caregivers. 
A)  develop the skills that lead to object permanence by 3 months of age. 
B)  develop an understanding of object permanence all at once. 
C)  come to understand object permanence even without prior experience. 
D)  develop object permanence before they develop emotional bonds to specific caregivers.

Question 15

In its simplest sense, the Bayley scales measure

Accepted Answer

A)  mental and motor abilities. 
B)  genetic influences on intelligence. 
C)  environmental influences on intelligence. 
D)  social and emotional development. 
A)  mental and motor abilities. 
B)  genetic influences on intelligence. 
C)  environmental influences on intelligence. 
D)  social and emotional development.

Question 16

When an infant visually tracks an object, what happens when the object moves out of view?

Accepted Answer

A)  The infant will continue trying to find it. 
B)  The infant will become visibly upset. 
C)  What the infant will do depends upon the age (and stage) of the infant. 
D)  The infant will abandon the tracking without concern. 
A)  The infant will continue trying to find it. 
B)  The infant will become visibly upset. 
C)  What the infant will do depends upon the age (and stage) of the infant. 
D)  The infant will abandon the tracking without concern.

Question 17

Object permanence refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  an understanding that changes in shape do not change the object. 
B)  a realization that objects can look different, but still be the same. 
C)  recognition that things continue exist even when they are out of sight. 
D)  the recognition that once an object is put in a given position it must stay there forever. 
A)  an understanding that changes in shape do not change the object. 
B)  a realization that objects can look different, but still be the same. 
C)  recognition that things continue exist even when they are out of sight. 
D)  the recognition that once an object is put in a given position it must stay there forever.

Question 18

Hazel got a puppy. She knows that puppies are animals. Her next-door neighbor has a cat. Hazel's mother tells her that both puppies and cats are animals. As a result, Hazel changes her scheme of animals to include cats. Changing a scheme to incorporate new information is called

Accepted Answer

A)  assimilation. 
B)  reaction range. 
C)  augmentation. 
D)  accommodation. 
A)  assimilation. 
B)  reaction range. 
C)  augmentation. 
D)  accommodation.

Question 19

At about 18 to 22 months of age, there is a rapid burst in vocabulary. Approximately 75% of the words added during this time are nouns. This vocabulary burst can be called

Accepted Answer

A)  the expressive explosion. 
B)  the specific nominal explosion. 
C)  the naming explosion. 
D)  referential style. 
A)  the expressive explosion. 
B)  the specific nominal explosion. 
C)  the naming explosion. 
D)  referential style.

Question 20

What ability would not be necessary for object permanence to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Memory 
B)  Understanding the connection between what can be seen and not seen 
C)  The ability to form mental representations 
D)  Centration 
A)  Memory 
B)  Understanding the connection between what can be seen and not seen 
C)  The ability to form mental representations 
D)  Centration

Which of the following is one of the mental-scale items from the Bayley test?

A study by Robinson and colleagues (2008) found that in low-income mothers and children

When does the first dramatic improvement in infant memory occur?

A child is shown two objects for 20 seconds. After this, one of the objects is replaced and the infant spends more time looking at the new object. What does this represent?

Behaviorists explain language acquisition in children as a process involving of sounds in the parent's language and of foreign sounds.

Match the following: -Echolalia

Echolalia involves

Leah, a 9-month-old infant, watches as her mother pushes a button on a toy and the toy beeps. Several hours later, Leah pushes the button and the toy beeps. This is an example of

Can a 3-month-old child visually track objects?

Improvement in infant memory probably indicates

By what age will a child demonstrate tertiary circular reactions?

Match the following: -American Sign Language (ASL)

Rose and her colleagues (2001) showed that visual recognition memory is

According to Piaget, children

In its simplest sense, the Bayley scales measure

When an infant visually tracks an object, what happens when the object moves out of view?

Object permanence refers to

Hazel got a puppy. She knows that puppies are animals. Her next-door neighbor has a cat. Hazel's mother tells her that both puppies and cats are animals. As a result, Hazel changes her scheme of animals to include cats. Changing a scheme to incorporate new information is called

At about 18 to 22 months of age, there is a rapid burst in vocabulary. Approximately 75% of the words added during this time are nouns. This vocabulary burst can be called

What ability would not be necessary for object permanence to occur?

History-Theories-And-Methods

Heredity-And-Conception

Prenatal-Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby: in the New World

Infancy-Physical-Development

Infancy-Social-And-Emotional-Development

Early-Childhood-Physical-Development

Early-Childhood-Cognitive-Development

Early Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Childhood: Physical Development

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Middle Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

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Exam 6: Infancy-Cognitive-Development

Which of the following is one of the mental-scale items from the Bayley test?

A study by Robinson and colleagues (2008) found that in low-income mothers and children

When does the first dramatic improvement in infant memory occur?

A child is shown two objects for 20 seconds. After this, one of the objects is replaced and the infant spends more time looking at the new object. What does this represent?

Behaviorists explain language acquisition in children as a process involving of sounds in the parent's language and of foreign sounds.

Match the following: -Echolalia

Echolalia involves

Leah, a 9-month-old infant, watches as her mother pushes a button on a toy and the toy beeps. Several hours later, Leah pushes the button and the toy beeps. This is an example of

Can a 3-month-old child visually track objects?

Improvement in infant memory probably indicates

By what age will a child demonstrate tertiary circular reactions?

Match the following: -American Sign Language (ASL)

Rose and her colleagues (2001) showed that visual recognition memory is

According to Piaget, children

In its simplest sense, the Bayley scales measure

When an infant visually tracks an object, what happens when the object moves out of view?

Object permanence refers to

Hazel got a puppy. She knows that puppies are animals. Her next-door neighbor has a cat. Hazel's mother tells her that both puppies and cats are animals. As a result, Hazel changes her scheme of animals to include cats. Changing a scheme to incorporate new information is called

At about 18 to 22 months of age, there is a rapid burst in vocabulary. Approximately 75% of the words added during this time are nouns. This vocabulary burst can be called

What ability would not be necessary for object permanence to occur?

History-Theories-And-Methods

Heredity-And-Conception

Prenatal-Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby: in the New World

Infancy-Physical-Development

Infancy-Social-And-Emotional-Development

Early-Childhood-Physical-Development

Early-Childhood-Cognitive-Development

Early Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Childhood: Physical Development

Middle-Childhood-Cognitive-Development

Middle Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Filters