Question 1

What was the benefit to the Spanish crown of an encomienda?

Accepted Answer

A)  The crown could use the encomienda to directly oversee missionary work among the Indians. 
B)  The crown could use the encomienda to export Iberian prisoners to work mines in the Americas. 
C)  The crown received special taxes on the extraction of precious metals from the encomenderos. 
D)  The crown could use the encomenderos as forced labor on sugar plantations. 
A)  The crown could use the encomienda to directly oversee missionary work among the Indians. 
B)  The crown could use the encomienda to export Iberian prisoners to work mines in the Americas. 
C)  The crown received special taxes on the extraction of precious metals from the encomenderos. 
D)  The crown could use the encomenderos as forced labor on sugar plantations.

Question 2

In the sixteenth-century Indian Ocean, the Portuguese were not much more than troublesome pirates.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

In the early sixteenth century, which of the following contributed to the Aztecs' constant warfare?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Aztecs' neighbors were unwilling to trade with them, requiring warfare to secure highly desired luxury items such as rare quetzal feathers. 
B)  The Aztecs believed that the gods required human hearts and blood, leading to the sacrifice of thousands of war captives. 
C)  The Aztecs and their neighbors were engaged in a bitter struggle to obtain control of the Yucatan Peninsula. 
D)  The Aztecs' neighbors attempted to choke off their access to the sea, denying the Aztecs sources of fish protein and coastal trade. 
A)  The Aztecs' neighbors were unwilling to trade with them, requiring warfare to secure highly desired luxury items such as rare quetzal feathers. 
B)  The Aztecs believed that the gods required human hearts and blood, leading to the sacrifice of thousands of war captives. 
C)  The Aztecs and their neighbors were engaged in a bitter struggle to obtain control of the Yucatan Peninsula. 
D)  The Aztecs' neighbors attempted to choke off their access to the sea, denying the Aztecs sources of fish protein and coastal trade.

Question 4

The Americas proved a better market than Eurasia for European manufactured goods over the course of the sixteenth century.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What was Europe's main contribution to the Atlantic system?

Accepted Answer

A)  labor 
B)  land 
C)  raw materials 
D)  military technology 
A)  labor 
B)  land 
C)  raw materials 
D)  military technology

Question 6

In Ming China, where did women find the greatest opportunities to obtain wealth and influence?

Accepted Answer

A)  as performers in the new entertainment districts 
B)  healers, consorts, and power brokers 
C)  as merchants in trading centers such as Macao 
D)  as authors of Confucian guides for proper behavior 
A)  as performers in the new entertainment districts 
B)  healers, consorts, and power brokers 
C)  as merchants in trading centers such as Macao 
D)  as authors of Confucian guides for proper behavior

Question 7

Which of the following was the determinative factor in the Spaniards' conquest of the Aztecs?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Aztecs thought that Cortez was a god and were afraid to fight him. 
B)  The Spanish overwhelmed the Aztecs by force of numbers. 
C)  Smallpox spread rapidly among the Aztec warriors and elites. 
D)  The Aztecs were hated by their neighbors, who joined forces with the Spanish. 
A)  The Aztecs thought that Cortez was a god and were afraid to fight him. 
B)  The Spanish overwhelmed the Aztecs by force of numbers. 
C)  Smallpox spread rapidly among the Aztec warriors and elites. 
D)  The Aztecs were hated by their neighbors, who joined forces with the Spanish.

Question 8

The Protestant Reformation encouraged the growth of nationalism in Europe by encouraging people to

Accepted Answer

A)  identify their religion with their local state and language. 
B)  be more tolerant of one another. 
C)  end the requirement that priests be celibate. 
D)  revive ancient pagan traditions in Christian observances. 
A)  identify their religion with their local state and language. 
B)  be more tolerant of one another. 
C)  end the requirement that priests be celibate. 
D)  revive ancient pagan traditions in Christian observances.

Question 9

Religious conflict provided Spain with the opportunity to demonstrate its hegemonic position in Europe.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Assess the impact of silver from the Americas on trade, governance, and international relationships in at least two European powers as well as the Mughal Empire and Ming dynasty China.

Accepted Answer

The impact of silver from the Americas i

Question 11

The Aztecs and Incas used conscripted labor to build public wealth, while the Spanish used forced labor to enrich private individuals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Why was China's demand for silver so high during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

Accepted Answer

A)  Silver was believed to be the most beautiful metal. 
B)  Silver was used to pay taxes and as money in internal markets. 
C)  Silver was used in decorating porcelains for export. 
D)  Silver was thought to have medical value. 
A)  Silver was believed to be the most beautiful metal. 
B)  Silver was used to pay taxes and as money in internal markets. 
C)  Silver was used in decorating porcelains for export. 
D)  Silver was thought to have medical value.

Question 13

Where did Luther's and Calvin's critiques of the Catholic Church have the most appeal?

Accepted Answer

A)  in regions ruled by Catholic "outsiders" 
B)  in the least commercially advanced parts of Europe 
C)  in regions under the most threat from Ottoman invasion 
D)  in regions suffering from agricultural downturns 
A)  in regions ruled by Catholic "outsiders" 
B)  in the least commercially advanced parts of Europe 
C)  in regions under the most threat from Ottoman invasion 
D)  in regions suffering from agricultural downturns

Question 14

Which of the following attributes made the caravel useful in exploring African coasts?

Accepted Answer

A)  The caravel had four masts with square sails, allowing it to sail into the winds that roared up the African coast. 
B)  The caravel was a method of finding longitude, which allowed Portuguese mariners to locate themselves out of sight of land. 
C)  The caravel was a Muslim invention that allowed sailors to determine latitude by measuring the height of the sun above the horizon. 
D)  The caravel was sturdy enough to sail rough Atlantic seas, while its ability to tack using its triangular sails made it maneuverable in coastal estuaries. 
A)  The caravel had four masts with square sails, allowing it to sail into the winds that roared up the African coast. 
B)  The caravel was a method of finding longitude, which allowed Portuguese mariners to locate themselves out of sight of land. 
C)  The caravel was a Muslim invention that allowed sailors to determine latitude by measuring the height of the sun above the horizon. 
D)  The caravel was sturdy enough to sail rough Atlantic seas, while its ability to tack using its triangular sails made it maneuverable in coastal estuaries.

Question 15

The first Atlantic sugar plantations worked by enslaved Africans were in Africa.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

What led Portuguese traders to explore the coast of Africa in the mid-sixteenth century?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gold's value rose dramatically during and after the Black Death, and the Portuguese believed that Africa was a source of precious metals. 
B)  The Spanish had taken control of the gold coming from the Americas, so the Portuguese had to look elsewhere. 
C)  The Portuguese were denied access to the Mediterranean trade in gold by their rivals, the Dutch. 
D)  The Holy Roman Empire refused to allow the Portuguese merchants a share of trade in gold mined in the Carpathian Mountains. 
A)  Gold's value rose dramatically during and after the Black Death, and the Portuguese believed that Africa was a source of precious metals. 
B)  The Spanish had taken control of the gold coming from the Americas, so the Portuguese had to look elsewhere. 
C)  The Portuguese were denied access to the Mediterranean trade in gold by their rivals, the Dutch. 
D)  The Holy Roman Empire refused to allow the Portuguese merchants a share of trade in gold mined in the Carpathian Mountains.

Question 17

The establishment of colonies in the Americas in the sixteenth century provided Europeans with which of the following advantages in global trade?

Accepted Answer

A)  Elaborate cotton and wool textiles manufactured in the Americas were highly prized in Asia. 
B)  Europeans could take advantage of the Aztecs' superior shipbuilding techniques. 
C)  American manufactures were eagerly received in Africa and Asia. 
D)  European products that were not esteemed in Afro-Eurasia could be sold in the Americas. 
A)  Elaborate cotton and wool textiles manufactured in the Americas were highly prized in Asia. 
B)  Europeans could take advantage of the Aztecs' superior shipbuilding techniques. 
C)  American manufactures were eagerly received in Africa and Asia. 
D)  European products that were not esteemed in Afro-Eurasia could be sold in the Americas.

Question 18

How did the encomienda system work in the Caribbean?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spanish settlers were granted a quota of African slaves to perform plantation labor. 
B)  Each Spanish settler was granted an equal portion of land to farm. 
C)  Select Spanish settlers were granted the right to extract a quantity of Indian labor. 
D)  Spanish missionaries were granted a certain number of Indians that they were required to convert. 
A)  Spanish settlers were granted a quota of African slaves to perform plantation labor. 
B)  Each Spanish settler was granted an equal portion of land to farm. 
C)  Select Spanish settlers were granted the right to extract a quantity of Indian labor. 
D)  Spanish missionaries were granted a certain number of Indians that they were required to convert.

Question 19

Which of the following characterized Ottoman expansion into North Africa and the Middle East in the sixteenth century?

Accepted Answer

A)  gradual incorporation of Egypt and Syria, based on shared religious beliefs 
B)  rapid incorporation of Egypt and Syria, based on shared geopolitical threats 
C)  fierce opposition in Egypt and Syria, resulting from insurmountable logistical challenges 
D)  failed conquest of Egypt and Syria, resulting from insurmountable logistical challenges 
A)  gradual incorporation of Egypt and Syria, based on shared religious beliefs 
B)  rapid incorporation of Egypt and Syria, based on shared geopolitical threats 
C)  fierce opposition in Egypt and Syria, resulting from insurmountable logistical challenges 
D)  failed conquest of Egypt and Syria, resulting from insurmountable logistical challenges

Question 20

What was Portugal's primary goal in the Indian Ocean trade?

Accepted Answer

A)  to take over the trade or tax local merchants 
B)  to conquer as much territory as possible 
C)  to develop cooperative relationships with local rulers 
D)  to sell African products in Asian markets 
A)  to take over the trade or tax local merchants 
B)  to conquer as much territory as possible 
C)  to develop cooperative relationships with local rulers 
D)  to sell African products in Asian markets

Exam 12: Contact, Commerce, and Colonization, 1450-1600

What was the benefit to the Spanish crown of an encomienda?

In the sixteenth-century Indian Ocean, the Portuguese were not much more than troublesome pirates.

In the early sixteenth century, which of the following contributed to the Aztecs' constant warfare?

The Americas proved a better market than Eurasia for European manufactured goods over the course of the sixteenth century.

What was Europe's main contribution to the Atlantic system?

In Ming China, where did women find the greatest opportunities to obtain wealth and influence?

Which of the following was the determinative factor in the Spaniards' conquest of the Aztecs?

The Protestant Reformation encouraged the growth of nationalism in Europe by encouraging people to

Religious conflict provided Spain with the opportunity to demonstrate its hegemonic position in Europe.

Assess the impact of silver from the Americas on trade, governance, and international relationships in at least two European powers as well as the Mughal Empire and Ming dynasty China.

The Aztecs and Incas used conscripted labor to build public wealth, while the Spanish used forced labor to enrich private individuals.

Why was China's demand for silver so high during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

Where did Luther's and Calvin's critiques of the Catholic Church have the most appeal?

Which of the following attributes made the caravel useful in exploring African coasts?

The first Atlantic sugar plantations worked by enslaved Africans were in Africa.

What led Portuguese traders to explore the coast of Africa in the mid-sixteenth century?

The establishment of colonies in the Americas in the sixteenth century provided Europeans with which of the following advantages in global trade?

How did the encomienda system work in the Caribbean?

Which of the following characterized Ottoman expansion into North Africa and the Middle East in the sixteenth century?

What was Portugal's primary goal in the Indian Ocean trade?

Becoming Human

Rivers, Cities, and First States, 3500-2000 Bce

Nomads, Chariots, Territorial States, and Microsocieties, 2000-1200 Bce

First Empires and Common Cultures in Afro-Eurasia, 1250-325 Bce

Worlds Turned Inside Out, 1000-350 Bce

Shrinking the Afro-Eurasian World, 350 Bce-250 Ce

Han Dynasty China and Imperial Rome, 300 Bce-300 Ce

The Rise of Universal Religions, 300-600 Ce

New Empires and Common Cultures, 600-1000 Ce

Becoming the World, 1000-1300 Ce

Crises and Recovery in Afro-Eurasia, 1300-1500

Worlds Entangled, 1600-1750

Cultures of Splendor and Power, 1500-1780

Reordering the World, 1750-1850

Alternative Visions of the Nineteenth Century

Nations and Empires, 1850-1914

An Unsettled World, 1890-1914

Of Masses and Visions of the Modern, 1910-1939

The Three-World Order, 1940-1975

Globalization, 1970-2000

Filters