Question 1

Ion channels that are always open are______ called channels.

Accepted Answer

A)  active 
B)  regulated 
C)  gated 
D)  local 
E)  leak 
A)  active 
B)  regulated 
C)  gated 
D)  local 
E)  leak

Question 2

Ions can move across the plasma membrane in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A)  through chemically- gated channels as in neuromuscular transmission 
B)  through voltage- gated channels as in the action potential 
C)  through passive or leak channels 
D)  by ATP- dependent ion pumps like the sodium- potassium exchange pump 
E)  all of the above 
A)  through chemically- gated channels as in neuromuscular transmission 
B)  through voltage- gated channels as in the action potential 
C)  through passive or leak channels 
D)  by ATP- dependent ion pumps like the sodium- potassium exchange pump 
E)  all of the above

Question 3

Figure 11- 2 The Nerve Action Potential
Use Figure 11- 2 to answer the following questions:
-Which type of synapse is most common in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  electrical 
B)  mechanical 
C)  chemical 
D)  processing 
E)  radiative 
A)  electrical 
B)  mechanical 
C)  chemical 
D)  processing 
E)  radiative

Question 4

Clusters of RER and free ribosomes in neurons are called

Accepted Answer

A)  neurofilaments. 
B)  perikaryon. 
C)  microglia. 
D)  Nissl bodies. 
E)  neurofibrils. 
A)  neurofilaments. 
B)  perikaryon. 
C)  microglia. 
D)  Nissl bodies. 
E)  neurofibrils.

Question 5

Raising the potassium ion concentration in the extracellular fluid surrounding a nerve cell will have which effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarize it 
B)  hyperpolarize it 
C)  increase the magnitude of the potassium equilibrium potential 
D)  decrease the magnitude of the potassium equilibrium potential 
E)  both A and D 
A)  depolarize it 
B)  hyperpolarize it 
C)  increase the magnitude of the potassium equilibrium potential 
D)  decrease the magnitude of the potassium equilibrium potential 
E)  both A and D

Question 6

The following are the steps involved in transmission at a cholinergic synapse. 1. Chemically gated sodium channels on the postsynaptic membrane are activated.
2) Calcium ions enter the synaptic knob.
3) Acetylcholinesterase hydrolyzes acetylcholine.
4) An action potential depolarizes the synaptic knob at the presynaptic membrane.
5) The synaptic knob reabsorbs choline.
6) Acetylcholine is released from storage vesicles by exocytosis.
7) Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane.
8) Calcium ions are removed from the cytoplasm of the synaptic knob.
The correct sequence for these events is

Accepted Answer

A)  2, 5, 4, 6, 7, 1, 8, 3. 
B)  4, 2, 6, 7, 1, 8, 3, 5. 
C)  6, 4, 2, 7, 1, 8, 3, 5. 
D)  2, 4, 6, 7, 1, 8, 3, 5. 
E)  4, 2, 6, 7, 8, 5, 3, 1. 
A)  2, 5, 4, 6, 7, 1, 8, 3. 
B)  4, 2, 6, 7, 1, 8, 3, 5. 
C)  6, 4, 2, 7, 1, 8, 3, 5. 
D)  2, 4, 6, 7, 1, 8, 3, 5. 
E)  4, 2, 6, 7, 8, 5, 3, 1.

Question 7

The site in the neuron where EPSPs and IPSPs are integrated is the

Accepted Answer

A)  axon hillock. 
B)  dendritic membrane. 
C)  chemical synapse. 
D)  electrical synapse. 
E)  synaptic knob. 
A)  axon hillock. 
B)  dendritic membrane. 
C)  chemical synapse. 
D)  electrical synapse. 
E)  synaptic knob.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of neuroglia?

Accepted Answer

A)  regulate the composition of interstitial fluid 
B)  provide a supportive framework 
C)  act as phagocytes 
D)  produce cerebrospinal fluid 
E)  all of the above 
A)  regulate the composition of interstitial fluid 
B)  provide a supportive framework 
C)  act as phagocytes 
D)  produce cerebrospinal fluid 
E)  all of the above

Question 9

Functions of astrocytes include all of the following, except

Accepted Answer

A)  responding to neural tissue damage. 
B)  guiding neuron development. 
C)  maintaining the blood- brain barrier. 
D)  forming a three- dimensional framework for the CNS. 
E)  conducting action potentials. 
A)  responding to neural tissue damage. 
B)  guiding neuron development. 
C)  maintaining the blood- brain barrier. 
D)  forming a three- dimensional framework for the CNS. 
E)  conducting action potentials.

Question 10

Cholinergic synapses release the neurotransmitter

Accepted Answer

A)  serotonin. 
B)  GABA. 
C)  norepinephrine. 
D)  acetylcholine. 
E)  adrenalin. 
A)  serotonin. 
B)  GABA. 
C)  norepinephrine. 
D)  acetylcholine. 
E)  adrenalin.

Question 11

Figure 11- 2 The Nerve Action Potential
Use Figure 11- 2 to answer the following questions:
-The ion that triggers the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft is

Accepted Answer

A)  chloride. 
B)  potassium. 
C)  magnesium. 
D)  calcium. 
E)  sodium. 
A)  chloride. 
B)  potassium. 
C)  magnesium. 
D)  calcium. 
E)  sodium.

Question 12

For which of the following functions do active neurons require a supply of ATP?

Accepted Answer

A)  powering the sodium- potassium exchange pump 
B)  synthesis and reuptake of neurotransmitters 
C)  axoplasmic transport 
D)  all of the above 
E)  A and C only 
A)  powering the sodium- potassium exchange pump 
B)  synthesis and reuptake of neurotransmitters 
C)  axoplasmic transport 
D)  all of the above 
E)  A and C only

Question 13

Figure 11- 2 The Nerve Action Potential
Use Figure 11- 2 to answer the following questions:
-Which area of the graph shows when passive depolarization is occurring?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4

Question 14

_________ are nerves that connect to the brain

Accepted Answer

The answer of _________ are nerves that connect to the...

Question 15

How would the absolute refractory period be affected if voltage- regulated sodium channels failed to inactivate?

Accepted Answer

A)  It would be basically unaffected. 
B)  It would be much briefer. 
C)  It would last indefinitely. 
A)  It would be basically unaffected. 
B)  It would be much briefer. 
C)  It would last indefinitely.

Question 16

The myelination of central and peripheral axons occurs rapidly through the first few years of life. How can this developmental process explain the improved motor abilities of infants and toddlers?

Accepted Answer

Without full myelination, information ab

Question 17

Figure 11- 1 The Neuron
Use Figure 11- 1 to answer the following questions:
-IPSPs inhibitory postsynaptic potentials)

Accepted Answer

A)  are local depolarizations. 
B)  block the efflux of potassium ions. 
C)  increase membrane permeability to sodium ions. 
D)  are local hyperpolarizations. 
E)  block the efflux of calcium ions. 
A)  are local depolarizations. 
B)  block the efflux of potassium ions. 
C)  increase membrane permeability to sodium ions. 
D)  are local hyperpolarizations. 
E)  block the efflux of calcium ions.

Question 18

The efferent division of the peripheral nervous system innervates:

Accepted Answer

A)  glandular cells 
B)  skeletal muscle cells 
C)  smooth muscle cells 
D)  heart muscle cells 
E)  all of the above 
A)  glandular cells 
B)  skeletal muscle cells 
C)  smooth muscle cells 
D)  heart muscle cells 
E)  all of the above

Question 19

The nervous tissue outside of the central nervous system composes the_____________nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nervous tissue outside of the central...

Question 20

Neurons in which dendritic and axonal processes are continuous and the soma lies off to one side are called

Accepted Answer

A)  unipolar. 
B)  tripolar. 
C)  bipolar. 
D)  multipolar. 
E)  anaxonic. 
A)  unipolar. 
B)  tripolar. 
C)  bipolar. 
D)  multipolar. 
E)  anaxonic.

Exam 11: Neural Tissue

Ion channels that are always open are______ called channels.

Ions can move across the plasma membrane in which of the following ways?

Figure 11- 2 The Nerve Action Potential Use Figure 11- 2 to answer the following questions: -Which type of synapse is most common in the nervous system?

Clusters of RER and free ribosomes in neurons are called

Raising the potassium ion concentration in the extracellular fluid surrounding a nerve cell will have which effect?

The site in the neuron where EPSPs and IPSPs are integrated is the

Which of the following is a function of neuroglia?

Functions of astrocytes include all of the following, except

Cholinergic synapses release the neurotransmitter

Figure 11- 2 The Nerve Action Potential Use Figure 11- 2 to answer the following questions: -The ion that triggers the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft is

For which of the following functions do active neurons require a supply of ATP?

Figure 11- 2 The Nerve Action Potential Use Figure 11- 2 to answer the following questions: -Which area of the graph shows when passive depolarization is occurring?

_________ are nerves that connect to the brain

How would the absolute refractory period be affected if voltage- regulated sodium channels failed to inactivate?

The myelination of central and peripheral axons occurs rapidly through the first few years of life. How can this developmental process explain the improved motor abilities of infants and toddlers?

Figure 11- 1 The Neuron Use Figure 11- 1 to answer the following questions: -IPSPs inhibitory postsynaptic potentials)

The efferent division of the peripheral nervous system innervates:

The nervous tissue outside of the central nervous system composes the_____________nervous system.

Neurons in which dendritic and axonal processes are continuous and the soma lies off to one side are called

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

The Skeleton

Articulations

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Neural Integration

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphoid System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

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