Question 1

What is the ML calculated for a local earthquake with an S- P arrival difference of 2.0 sec and maximum S- wave amplitude of 1 mm?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.0 
B)  4.0 
C)  1.5 
D)  2.0 
A)  1.0 
B)  4.0 
C)  1.5 
D)  2.0 C

Question 2

What was the largest Richter magnitude ever recorded for an earthquake on a Wood- Anderson seismograph?

Accepted Answer

A)  10.0 
B)  5.4 
C)  8.9 
D)  2.0 
A)  10.0 
B)  5.4 
C)  8.9 
D)  2.0 C

Question 3

What does an S- wave do to the rock it passes through?

Accepted Answer

A)  It alternately compresses and expands the rock (like the bellows of an accordion) along the direction of the advancing wave. This "preserves the rock's shape", while changing its density in a periodic fashion. 
B)  It lifts it up and down in a wavelike motion (perpendicular to the advancing wave front), distorting the rock's shape while holding its volume (and density) constant. 
C)  It causes the rock to move in little vertical circles as the wave advances. 
D)  It causes the rock to wiggle from side to side as the wave advances. 
A)  It alternately compresses and expands the rock (like the bellows of an accordion) along the direction of the advancing wave. This "preserves the rock's shape", while changing its density in a periodic fashion. 
B)  It lifts it up and down in a wavelike motion (perpendicular to the advancing wave front), distorting the rock's shape while holding its volume (and density) constant. 
C)  It causes the rock to move in little vertical circles as the wave advances. 
D)  It causes the rock to wiggle from side to side as the wave advances. B

Question 4

Which one of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  P waves travel through solids; S waves do not. 
B)  S waves travel through solids and P waves travel through liquids. 
C)  P and S waves travel through liquids, but P waves do not travel through solids. 
D)  P and S waves travel through liquids, but S waves do not travel through solids. 
A)  P waves travel through solids; S waves do not. 
B)  S waves travel through solids and P waves travel through liquids. 
C)  P and S waves travel through liquids, but P waves do not travel through solids. 
D)  P and S waves travel through liquids, but S waves do not travel through solids.

Question 5

__________is the maximum possible damage designation on the Mercalli scale.

Accepted Answer

A)  X 
B)  10 
C)  XII 
D)  12 
A)  X 
B)  10 
C)  XII 
D)  12

Question 6

What happens inside a rock as a wave front from a P wave passes through?

Accepted Answer

A)  The little parcel of rock shimmies from side to side as the wave passes, with the greatest motion at the Earth's surface, dying out with depth. 
B)  The volume of the rock stays fixed, but it shears back and forth, distorting the rocks internal shape as the wave passes through. 
C)  The rock moves toward and away from the earthquake as the volume of the material alternately expands and contracts, changing the rock's density while the compression- rarefaction wave passes through. 
D)  The little parcel of rock rotates about its own location in an ellipse until the wave passes. 
A)  The little parcel of rock shimmies from side to side as the wave passes, with the greatest motion at the Earth's surface, dying out with depth. 
B)  The volume of the rock stays fixed, but it shears back and forth, distorting the rocks internal shape as the wave passes through. 
C)  The rock moves toward and away from the earthquake as the volume of the material alternately expands and contracts, changing the rock's density while the compression- rarefaction wave passes through. 
D)  The little parcel of rock rotates about its own location in an ellipse until the wave passes.

Question 7

Energy is stored in rocks adjacent to the site of a future earthquake as_________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  thermal vibrations 
B)  plastic strain 
C)  ballistic shock waves 
D)  elastic stress 
A)  thermal vibrations 
B)  plastic strain 
C)  ballistic shock waves 
D)  elastic stress

Question 8

The__________ is the point of origination for an earthquake.

Accepted Answer

A)  epizone 
B)  focus 
C)  seismic belly button 
D)  fault plane 
A)  epizone 
B)  focus 
C)  seismic belly button 
D)  fault plane

Question 9

What does a P wave do to the rock it passes through?

Accepted Answer

A)  It lifts it up and down in a wavelike motion (perpendicular to the advancing wave front), distorting the rock's shape while holding its volume (and density) constant. 
B)  It causes the rock to move in little vertical circles as the wave advances. 
C)  It alternately compresses and expands the rock (like the bellows of an accordion) along the direction of the advancing wave. This "preserves the rock's shape", while changing its density in a periodic fashion. 
D)  It causes the rock to wiggle from side to side as the wave advances. 
A)  It lifts it up and down in a wavelike motion (perpendicular to the advancing wave front), distorting the rock's shape while holding its volume (and density) constant. 
B)  It causes the rock to move in little vertical circles as the wave advances. 
C)  It alternately compresses and expands the rock (like the bellows of an accordion) along the direction of the advancing wave. This "preserves the rock's shape", while changing its density in a periodic fashion. 
D)  It causes the rock to wiggle from side to side as the wave advances.

Question 10

Which is not a criterion for determining an earthquake's Mercalli intensity?

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary effects like ground rupture or landslides 
B)  descriptions of the event 
C)  amplitude of the maximum seismic wave 
D)  damage done to buildings 
A)  secondary effects like ground rupture or landslides 
B)  descriptions of the event 
C)  amplitude of the maximum seismic wave 
D)  damage done to buildings

Question 11

What are the Earth's three most distinctive internal regions (layers) based on composition?

Accepted Answer

crust, man

Question 12

What causes the shadow zone for no S- wave arrivals beyond epicentral angles of 105°?

Accepted Answer

A)  All seismographs are located on the near side of the earth. 
B)  All shear waves are converted to surface waves at the mantle- core boundary. 
C)  The Earth is hollow. 
D)  The liquid outer core will not pass shear waves, so any down- going shear wave energy is converted to additional "late" P waves at the mantle- core boundary. 
A)  All seismographs are located on the near side of the earth. 
B)  All shear waves are converted to surface waves at the mantle- core boundary. 
C)  The Earth is hollow. 
D)  The liquid outer core will not pass shear waves, so any down- going shear wave energy is converted to additional "late" P waves at the mantle- core boundary.

Question 13

What is the average S- wave velocity (km/sec) if the seismic station is 2000 km from the epicentre?

Accepted Answer

A)  43.8 
B)  4.38 
C)  263 
D)  4.66 
A)  43.8 
B)  4.38 
C)  263 
D)  4.66

Question 14

The epicentre of an earthquake is the ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  surface location directly above the point where the fault slip initiates 
B)  point where the minimum ground shaking is recorded 
C)  point where the fault cracking initiates 
D)  point of most costly structural damage associated with ground shaking 
A)  surface location directly above the point where the fault slip initiates 
B)  point where the minimum ground shaking is recorded 
C)  point where the fault cracking initiates 
D)  point of most costly structural damage associated with ground shaking

Question 15

Which is the correct relationship for the relative velocities of the different types of seismic waves?

Accepted Answer

A)  S = 1.7P and S = 0.9 X L 
B)  P = 1.7 X S and L = 0.9 X S 
C)  L X 0.9 = S = P X 1.7 
D)  P X 0.9 = L X 1.7 = S 
A)  S = 1.7P and S = 0.9 X L 
B)  P = 1.7 X S and L = 0.9 X S 
C)  L X 0.9 = S = P X 1.7 
D)  P X 0.9 = L X 1.7 = S

Question 16

Which one of the following is true regarding tsunamis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their wave heights decrease and wavelengths increase as they move into shallower water. 
B)  They are started by fault- induced, horizontal shifts in the sea floor that suddenly propel great masses of water upwards like spreading ripples in all directions. 
C)  They occur in the open ocean like fast surface waves travelling at hundreds of kilometres per hour, wavelengths are hundreds of kilometres, and wave heights < a metre. 
D)  They travel as deep- water waves at speeds greater than the speed of sound in water so they hit the coast followed by a massive rumble like a sonic boom. 
A)  Their wave heights decrease and wavelengths increase as they move into shallower water. 
B)  They are started by fault- induced, horizontal shifts in the sea floor that suddenly propel great masses of water upwards like spreading ripples in all directions. 
C)  They occur in the open ocean like fast surface waves travelling at hundreds of kilometres per hour, wavelengths are hundreds of kilometres, and wave heights < a metre. 
D)  They travel as deep- water waves at speeds greater than the speed of sound in water so they hit the coast followed by a massive rumble like a sonic boom.

Question 17

The ________transmits P waves but not S waves.

Accepted Answer

A)  crust 
B)  outer core 
C)  mantle 
D)  lithosphere 
A)  crust 
B)  outer core 
C)  mantle 
D)  lithosphere

Question 18

How many destructive tsunamis are there each year?

Accepted Answer

A)  5- 10 
B)  100- 200 
C)  10- 25 
D)  1- 2 
A)  5- 10 
B)  100- 200 
C)  10- 25 
D)  1- 2

Question 19

Which one of the following statements concerning foci and epicentres is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The epicentre is at the surface directly above the focus where the earthquake initiates. 
B)  The earthquake starts at the focus and the rupture extends down to the epicentre. 
C)  The focus is the faulted point on the surface directly above the epicentre. 
D)  The fault first cracks at the epicentre and breaks through to the surface at the focus. 
A)  The epicentre is at the surface directly above the focus where the earthquake initiates. 
B)  The earthquake starts at the focus and the rupture extends down to the epicentre. 
C)  The focus is the faulted point on the surface directly above the epicentre. 
D)  The fault first cracks at the epicentre and breaks through to the surface at the focus.

Question 20

________formulated the elastic rebound theory after the ___________earthquake.

Accepted Answer

A)  Reid; San Francisco, 1906 
B)  Gutenberg; Anchorage, 1964 
C)  Churchill; northern India, 1896 
D)  Richter; Loma Prieta, 1989 
A)  Reid; San Francisco, 1906 
B)  Gutenberg; Anchorage, 1964 
C)  Churchill; northern India, 1896 
D)  Richter; Loma Prieta, 1989

What is the ML calculated for a local earthquake with an S- P arrival difference of 2.0 sec and maximum S- wave amplitude of 1 mm?

What was the largest Richter magnitude ever recorded for an earthquake on a Wood- Anderson seismograph?

What does an S- wave do to the rock it passes through?

Which one of the following statements is correct?

__________is the maximum possible damage designation on the Mercalli scale.

What happens inside a rock as a wave front from a P wave passes through?

Energy is stored in rocks adjacent to the site of a future earthquake as_________ .

The__________ is the point of origination for an earthquake.

What does a P wave do to the rock it passes through?

Which is not a criterion for determining an earthquake's Mercalli intensity?

What are the Earth's three most distinctive internal regions (layers) based on composition?

What causes the shadow zone for no S- wave arrivals beyond epicentral angles of 105°?

What is the average S- wave velocity (km/sec) if the seismic station is 2000 km from the epicentre?

The epicentre of an earthquake is the ___________.

Which is the correct relationship for the relative velocities of the different types of seismic waves?

Which one of the following is true regarding tsunamis?

The ________transmits P waves but not S waves.

How many destructive tsunamis are there each year?

Which one of the following statements concerning foci and epicentres is correct?

formulated the elastic rebound theory after the ___earthquake.

An Introduction to Geology and Plate Tectonics

Minerals: the Building Blocks of Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Volcanoes and Volcanic Processes

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Geologic Time

Crustal Deformation

Earthquakes and Earths Interior

The Ocean Floor

Plate Tectonics: the Framework for Modern Geology

Mountain Building and Continental Frameworks

Mass Wasting: the Work of Gravity

Running Water

Groundwater

Glaciers and Glaciation

Deserts and Winds

Shorelines

Mineral and Energy Resources

Filters

Exam 5: Weathering and Soil

What is the ML calculated for a local earthquake with an S- P arrival difference of 2.0 sec and maximum S- wave amplitude of 1 mm?

What was the largest Richter magnitude ever recorded for an earthquake on a Wood- Anderson seismograph?

What does an S- wave do to the rock it passes through?

Which one of the following statements is correct?

__________is the maximum possible damage designation on the Mercalli scale.

What happens inside a rock as a wave front from a P wave passes through?

Energy is stored in rocks adjacent to the site of a future earthquake as_________ .

The__________ is the point of origination for an earthquake.

What does a P wave do to the rock it passes through?

Which is not a criterion for determining an earthquake's Mercalli intensity?

What are the Earth's three most distinctive internal regions (layers) based on composition?

What causes the shadow zone for no S- wave arrivals beyond epicentral angles of 105°?

What is the average S- wave velocity (km/sec) if the seismic station is 2000 km from the epicentre?

The epicentre of an earthquake is the ___________.

Which is the correct relationship for the relative velocities of the different types of seismic waves?

Which one of the following is true regarding tsunamis?

The ________transmits P waves but not S waves.

How many destructive tsunamis are there each year?

Which one of the following statements concerning foci and epicentres is correct?

________formulated the elastic rebound theory after the ___________earthquake.

An Introduction to Geology and Plate Tectonics

Minerals: the Building Blocks of Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Volcanoes and Volcanic Processes

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Geologic Time

Crustal Deformation

Earthquakes and Earths Interior

The Ocean Floor

Plate Tectonics: the Framework for Modern Geology

Mountain Building and Continental Frameworks

Mass Wasting: the Work of Gravity

Running Water

Groundwater

Glaciers and Glaciation

Deserts and Winds

Shorelines

Mineral and Energy Resources

Filters

formulated the elastic rebound theory after the ___earthquake.