Question 1

The law of superposition establishes _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the relative ages in a layered sedimentary or volcanic sequence 
B)  the absolute age of any strata 
C)  the oldest deposits are always on top 
D)  why the oldest rocks are never found in the bottoms of deep canyons 
A)  the relative ages in a layered sedimentary or volcanic sequence 
B)  the absolute age of any strata 
C)  the oldest deposits are always on top 
D)  why the oldest rocks are never found in the bottoms of deep canyons A

Question 2

The process by which magmas cool and solidify to rock is termed ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  plutonism 
B)  thermal metamorphism 
C)  volcanism 
D)  crystallization 
A)  plutonism 
B)  thermal metamorphism 
C)  volcanism 
D)  crystallization D

Question 3

Extending from the shoreline towards the deep- ocean basin, the continental margin may include the________ ,__________ , and the _________.

Accepted Answer

continental shelf, continental slope, continental rise

Question 4

Earth's human population now is best described by which one of the following statements?

Accepted Answer

A)  larger than it has ever been and increasing at a very high rate 
B)  increasing very rapidly in advanced, western countries and falling rapidly in third- world areas such as Latin America and Africa 
C)  larger than it has ever been but will stabilize within the next 10 years 
D)  just beginning to approach the world's population before the Second World War 
A)  larger than it has ever been and increasing at a very high rate 
B)  increasing very rapidly in advanced, western countries and falling rapidly in third- world areas such as Latin America and Africa 
C)  larger than it has ever been but will stabilize within the next 10 years 
D)  just beginning to approach the world's population before the Second World War

Question 5

Which one of the following observations and inferences is most consistent with the idea of uniformitarianism?

Accepted Answer

A)  The number of erupting volcanoes is constant throughout geologic time, so this is not a big influence on changing climates. 
B)  Sand rolls along a stream bottom at the same rate every hour, every day, year in, year out. 
C)  Meteorite impacts always occur at regular intervals and this has forced biologic evolution. 
D)  Mountains are dissolved and/or eroded mechanically one ion and one mineral grain at a time and carried down to the sea. 
A)  The number of erupting volcanoes is constant throughout geologic time, so this is not a big influence on changing climates. 
B)  Sand rolls along a stream bottom at the same rate every hour, every day, year in, year out. 
C)  Meteorite impacts always occur at regular intervals and this has forced biologic evolution. 
D)  Mountains are dissolved and/or eroded mechanically one ion and one mineral grain at a time and carried down to the sea.

Question 6

The term igneous is____________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  Armenian for "containing many crystals" 
B)  Polish for "rock that flows" 
C)  Greek for "full of fire" 
D)  Latin for "rock from below" 
A)  Armenian for "containing many crystals" 
B)  Polish for "rock that flows" 
C)  Greek for "full of fire" 
D)  Latin for "rock from below"

Question 7

The ____________refers to the sum total of all life on Earth.

Accepted Answer

A)  biosphere 
B)  asthenosphere 
C)  atmosphere 
D)  hydrosphere 
A)  biosphere 
B)  asthenosphere 
C)  atmosphere 
D)  hydrosphere

Question 8

____________includes the study of how rocks and minerals form and change according to physical, chemical, and biologic processes which affect everything from Earth's internal structures and tectonic plates to landscape evolution and crystal forms.

Accepted Answer

A)  Manifest destiny 
B)  Historical geology 
C)  Teleology 
D)  Physical geology 
E)  Catastrophism 
A)  Manifest destiny 
B)  Historical geology 
C)  Teleology 
D)  Physical geology 
E)  Catastrophism

Question 9

Shallowest to deepest, the primary layers within the Earth as defined by contrasting physical properties are_________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  crust, mantle, core 
B)  sedimentary, metamorphic, igneous 
C)  basalt, crust, mantle, asthenosphere, core 
D)  lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, outer core, inner core 
A)  crust, mantle, core 
B)  sedimentary, metamorphic, igneous 
C)  basalt, crust, mantle, asthenosphere, core 
D)  lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, outer core, inner core

Question 10

The is the thinnest layer of the Earth.

Accepted Answer

A)  outer core 
B)  inner core 
C)  crust 
D)  mantle 
A)  outer core 
B)  inner core 
C)  crust 
D)  mantle

Question 11

Aside from near oceanic trenches, most earthquakes originate at depths of 100 kilometres or less. Considering the physical properties of Earth's interior, what type of mechanical behavior (in rocks) must be necessary for earthquakes to occur? Explain.

Accepted Answer

Brittle deformation

Question 12

"The present is the key to the past" is the uniformitarian concept that______ .

Accepted Answer

A)  the rates of geologic processes (erosion, sedimentation, volcanism) are invariant 
B)  geologic processes give rise to the same types of products and features 
C)  each mountain that is eroding today to produce river sediment has always done so 
D)  rivers, seas, mountains, etc. are perpetual features of an unchanging landscape 
A)  the rates of geologic processes (erosion, sedimentation, volcanism) are invariant 
B)  geologic processes give rise to the same types of products and features 
C)  each mountain that is eroding today to produce river sediment has always done so 
D)  rivers, seas, mountains, etc. are perpetual features of an unchanging landscape

Question 13

The mantle is made of dense rock______ called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ~3.3 g/cm3, peridotite 
B)  3.4 g/cm3, shergottite 
A)  ~3.3 g/cm3, peridotite 
B)  3.4 g/cm3, shergottite

Question 14

The continental shelf is located __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  between the continental slope and continental rise 
B)  seaward of the continental slope 
C)  between the continental rise and the abyssal plains 
D)  landward of the continental slope 
A)  between the continental slope and continental rise 
B)  seaward of the continental slope 
C)  between the continental rise and the abyssal plains 
D)  landward of the continental slope

Question 15

___________, a popular natural philosophy of the 17th and early 18th centuries, was based on a firm belief in a very short geologic history for Earth.

Accepted Answer

A)  Uniformitarianism 
B)  Catastrophism 
C)  Exoschism 
D)  Ecospherism 
A)  Uniformitarianism 
B)  Catastrophism 
C)  Exoschism 
D)  Ecospherism

Question 16

The __________is thought to be the only molten, metallic portion in the Earth's interior.

Accepted Answer

A)  lithosphere 
B)  mantle 
C)  outer core 
D)  inner core 
A)  lithosphere 
B)  mantle 
C)  outer core 
D)  inner core

Question 17

The acceptance of the 18th century concept of uniformitarianism inevitably led to the acceptance of_______

Accepted Answer

A)  an extremely old age for the Earth 
B)  Darwin's theory of evolution 
C)  Ussher's calculations 
D)  a geologic evolution for Earth that was free from catastrophes 
A)  an extremely old age for the Earth 
B)  Darwin's theory of evolution 
C)  Ussher's calculations 
D)  a geologic evolution for Earth that was free from catastrophes

Question 18

The two layers inside the Earth which contain significant amounts of molten material are __________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  crust and inner core 
B)  crust and mesosphere 
C)  asthenosphere and outer core 
D)  mesosphere and inner core 
A)  crust and inner core 
B)  crust and mesosphere 
C)  asthenosphere and outer core 
D)  mesosphere and inner core

Question 19

__________is the process by which rocks breakdown in place to produce soils and sediments.

Accepted Answer

A)  Lithification 
B)  Metamorphism 
C)  Weathering 
D)  Subduction 
A)  Lithification 
B)  Metamorphism 
C)  Weathering 
D)  Subduction

Question 20

The__________ is not a part of the Earth's physical environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  geosphere 
B)  hydrosphere 
C)  atmosphere 
D)  astrosphere 
A)  geosphere 
B)  hydrosphere 
C)  atmosphere 
D)  astrosphere

The law of superposition establishes _________.

The process by which magmas cool and solidify to rock is termed ________.

Extending from the shoreline towards the deep- ocean basin, the continental margin may include the , , and the ___.

Earth's human population now is best described by which one of the following statements?

Which one of the following observations and inferences is most consistent with the idea of uniformitarianism?

The term igneous is____________ .

The ____________refers to the sum total of all life on Earth.

____________includes the study of how rocks and minerals form and change according to physical, chemical, and biologic processes which affect everything from Earth's internal structures and tectonic plates to landscape evolution and crystal forms.

Shallowest to deepest, the primary layers within the Earth as defined by contrasting physical properties are_________ .

The is the thinnest layer of the Earth.

Aside from near oceanic trenches, most earthquakes originate at depths of 100 kilometres or less. Considering the physical properties of Earth's interior, what type of mechanical behavior (in rocks) must be necessary for earthquakes to occur? Explain.

"The present is the key to the past" is the uniformitarian concept that______ .

The mantle is made of dense rock called __.

The continental shelf is located __________.

___________, a popular natural philosophy of the 17th and early 18th centuries, was based on a firm belief in a very short geologic history for Earth.

The __________is thought to be the only molten, metallic portion in the Earth's interior.

The acceptance of the 18th century concept of uniformitarianism inevitably led to the acceptance of_______

The two layers inside the Earth which contain significant amounts of molten material are __________ .

__________is the process by which rocks breakdown in place to produce soils and sediments.

The__________ is not a part of the Earth's physical environment.

Minerals: the Building Blocks of Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Volcanoes and Volcanic Processes

Weathering and Soil

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Geologic Time

Crustal Deformation

Earthquakes and Earths Interior

The Ocean Floor

Plate Tectonics: the Framework for Modern Geology

Mountain Building and Continental Frameworks

Mass Wasting: the Work of Gravity

Running Water

Groundwater

Glaciers and Glaciation

Deserts and Winds

Shorelines

Mineral and Energy Resources

Filters

Exam 1: An Introduction to Geology and Plate Tectonics

The law of superposition establishes _________.

The process by which magmas cool and solidify to rock is termed ________.

Extending from the shoreline towards the deep- ocean basin, the continental margin may include the________ ,__________ , and the _________.

Earth's human population now is best described by which one of the following statements?

Which one of the following observations and inferences is most consistent with the idea of uniformitarianism?

The term igneous is____________ .

The ____________refers to the sum total of all life on Earth.

____________includes the study of how rocks and minerals form and change according to physical, chemical, and biologic processes which affect everything from Earth's internal structures and tectonic plates to landscape evolution and crystal forms.

Shallowest to deepest, the primary layers within the Earth as defined by contrasting physical properties are_________ .

The is the thinnest layer of the Earth.

Aside from near oceanic trenches, most earthquakes originate at depths of 100 kilometres or less. Considering the physical properties of Earth's interior, what type of mechanical behavior (in rocks) must be necessary for earthquakes to occur? Explain.

"The present is the key to the past" is the uniformitarian concept that______ .

The mantle is made of dense rock______ called ________.

The continental shelf is located __________.

___________, a popular natural philosophy of the 17th and early 18th centuries, was based on a firm belief in a very short geologic history for Earth.

The __________is thought to be the only molten, metallic portion in the Earth's interior.

The acceptance of the 18th century concept of uniformitarianism inevitably led to the acceptance of_______

The two layers inside the Earth which contain significant amounts of molten material are __________ .

__________is the process by which rocks breakdown in place to produce soils and sediments.

The__________ is not a part of the Earth's physical environment.

Minerals: the Building Blocks of Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Volcanoes and Volcanic Processes

Weathering and Soil

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Geologic Time

Crustal Deformation

Earthquakes and Earths Interior

The Ocean Floor

Plate Tectonics: the Framework for Modern Geology

Mountain Building and Continental Frameworks

Mass Wasting: the Work of Gravity

Running Water

Groundwater

Glaciers and Glaciation

Deserts and Winds

Shorelines

Mineral and Energy Resources

Filters

Extending from the shoreline towards the deep- ocean basin, the continental margin may include the , , and the ___.

The mantle is made of dense rock called __.