Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a typical gastrointestinal response to ingestion of dietary fiber?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased glucose absorption 
B)  delayed gastric emptying 
C)  increased bile-acid excretion 
D)  increased fecal bulk 
A)  increased glucose absorption 
B)  delayed gastric emptying 
C)  increased bile-acid excretion 
D)  increased fecal bulk A

Question 2

What characteristics of fiber may protect against developing colon cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fibers adsorb primary bile acids to promote their excretion. 
B)  Fibers increase fecal bulk and dilute carcinogen concentrations. 
C)  Fibers can be fermented to butyric acid, which may slow proliferation of cancer cells. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Fibers adsorb primary bile acids to promote their excretion. 
B)  Fibers increase fecal bulk and dilute carcinogen concentrations. 
C)  Fibers can be fermented to butyric acid, which may slow proliferation of cancer cells. 
D)  All of the above D

Question 3

At this time, what is the state of the evidence for prebiotics use to prevent or treat diarrhea?

Accepted Answer

A)  data is promising but inconclusive 
B)  most studies find no benefit 
C)  benefits were found for adults but not infants 
D)  no clinical trials in this area have been conducted 
A)  data is promising but inconclusive 
B)  most studies find no benefit 
C)  benefits were found for adults but not infants 
D)  no clinical trials in this area have been conducted A

Question 4

Flavonoids are phytochemicals that can function in the body as

Accepted Answer

A)  free radicals. 
B)  saponins. 
C)  antioxidants. 
D)  conjugates. 
A)  free radicals. 
B)  saponins. 
C)  antioxidants. 
D)  conjugates.

Question 5

The use of prebiotics for blood glucose regulation:

Accepted Answer

A)  is not currently recommended. 
B)  is recommended for those with prediabetes but not diabetes. 
C)  has been proposed but not investigated through research. 
D)  is more effective than the use of other dietary fibers. 
A)  is not currently recommended. 
B)  is recommended for those with prediabetes but not diabetes. 
C)  has been proposed but not investigated through research. 
D)  is more effective than the use of other dietary fibers.

Question 6

What mineral that is released in the colon by fermentation of fiber is considered to improve the proliferation of normal colon cells, thus inhibiting cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  zinc 
B)  riboflavin 
C)  iron 
D)  calcium 
A)  zinc 
B)  riboflavin 
C)  iron 
D)  calcium

Question 7

What is the desirable amount of dietary fiber recommended for most population groups each day?

Accepted Answer

A)  10-15 g 
B)  20-40 g 
C)  50-60 g 
D)  70-90 g 
A)  10-15 g 
B)  20-40 g 
C)  50-60 g 
D)  70-90 g

Question 8

Dosages of ~2.5 to 10-15 g/day of prebiotics taken for at least _____ are required to increase the intestinal flora population.

Accepted Answer

A)  3 months 
B)  1 month 
C)  2 weeks 
D)  1 week 
A)  3 months 
B)  1 month 
C)  2 weeks 
D)  1 week

Question 9

Phytochemicals are

Accepted Answer

A)  new vitamins being found in plants. 
B)  non-nutrient plant compounds that are biologically active. 
C)  mineral compounds derived from plants. 
D)  another name for herbal medicines. 
A)  new vitamins being found in plants. 
B)  non-nutrient plant compounds that are biologically active. 
C)  mineral compounds derived from plants. 
D)  another name for herbal medicines.

Question 10

Fiber lowers serum cholesterol concentrations by all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased transit time 
B)  increased excretion of bile acids in the feces 
C)  a shift of bile acid pools toward chenodeoxycholic acid, which inhibits HMG-CoA reductase 
D)  production of propionic acid from gut fermentation of fiber 
A)  decreased transit time 
B)  increased excretion of bile acids in the feces 
C)  a shift of bile acid pools toward chenodeoxycholic acid, which inhibits HMG-CoA reductase 
D)  production of propionic acid from gut fermentation of fiber

Question 11

Which of the following is a mechanism for the constipation relief provided by fructooligosaccharides and inulin?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases in microbial mass 
B)  decreases in osmotic pressure in the colon 
C)  shortened transit time 
D)  increased time available for water absorption 
A)  decreases in microbial mass 
B)  decreases in osmotic pressure in the colon 
C)  shortened transit time 
D)  increased time available for water absorption

Question 12

All of the following are among the seven top-selling herbs in America EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  hawthorn. 
B)  ginkgo biloba. 
C)  saw palmetto. 
D)  ginseng. 
A)  hawthorn. 
B)  ginkgo biloba. 
C)  saw palmetto. 
D)  ginseng.

Question 13

When fibers form viscous gels in the stomach, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gastric emptying is delayed or slowed. 
B)  Satiety is decreased significantly. 
C)  Digestion of fats and carbohydrates increases. 
D)  The nutrient diffusion rate is increased. 
A)  Gastric emptying is delayed or slowed. 
B)  Satiety is decreased significantly. 
C)  Digestion of fats and carbohydrates increases. 
D)  The nutrient diffusion rate is increased.

Question 14

What is the primary noncarbohydrate component of fiber?

Accepted Answer

A)  gums 
B)  hemicellulose 
C)  lignin 
D)  cellulose 
A)  gums 
B)  hemicellulose 
C)  lignin 
D)  cellulose

Question 15

Functional fiber is currently defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrates and lignin that are nondigestible by human enzymes and are intact and intrinsic in plants. 
B)  carbohydrates that are nondigestible by human enzymes, have been isolated, extracted or manufactured, and have been shown to have beneficial physiological effects in humans. 
C)  all dietary fiber. 
D)  the same as crude fiber. 
A)  carbohydrates and lignin that are nondigestible by human enzymes and are intact and intrinsic in plants. 
B)  carbohydrates that are nondigestible by human enzymes, have been isolated, extracted or manufactured, and have been shown to have beneficial physiological effects in humans. 
C)  all dietary fiber. 
D)  the same as crude fiber.

Question 16

Glycemic control is _____ in response to foods rich in fiber or to fiber supplements.

Accepted Answer

A)  unchanged 
B)  improved 
C)  reduced 
D)  not known 
A)  unchanged 
B)  improved 
C)  reduced 
D)  not known

Question 17

121 20. Which fiber type is poorly fermentable?

Accepted Answer

A)  lignin 
B)  pectin 
C)  gums 
D)  resistant starch 
A)  lignin 
B)  pectin 
C)  gums 
D)  resistant starch

Question 18

Pectins are part of the cell wall and middle lamella and are _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  water soluble 
B)  gel forming 
C)  stable at acidic pHs 
D)  all of the above 
A)  water soluble 
B)  gel forming 
C)  stable at acidic pHs 
D)  all of the above

Question 19

Name a water-soluble, gel-forming fiber that functions in the plant as intracellular cement and that is used commercially to make jellies and to provide fiber in enteral formulas.

Accepted Answer

A)  lignin 
B)  gum 
C)  pectin 
D)  cellulose 
A)  lignin 
B)  gum 
C)  pectin 
D)  cellulose

Question 20

Interactions have been reported between gingko biloba and

Accepted Answer

A)  aspirin and warfarin. 
B)  oral contraceptives. 
C)  diuretics. 
D)  hypertensive medications. 
A)  aspirin and warfarin. 
B)  oral contraceptives. 
C)  diuretics. 
D)  hypertensive medications.

Which of the following is NOT a typical gastrointestinal response to ingestion of dietary fiber?

What characteristics of fiber may protect against developing colon cancer?

At this time, what is the state of the evidence for prebiotics use to prevent or treat diarrhea?

Flavonoids are phytochemicals that can function in the body as

The use of prebiotics for blood glucose regulation:

What mineral that is released in the colon by fermentation of fiber is considered to improve the proliferation of normal colon cells, thus inhibiting cancer?

What is the desirable amount of dietary fiber recommended for most population groups each day?

Dosages of ~2.5 to 10-15 g/day of prebiotics taken for at least _____ are required to increase the intestinal flora population.

Phytochemicals are

Fiber lowers serum cholesterol concentrations by all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT _____.

Which of the following is a mechanism for the constipation relief provided by fructooligosaccharides and inulin?

All of the following are among the seven top-selling herbs in America EXCEPT

When fibers form viscous gels in the stomach, which of the following occurs?

What is the primary noncarbohydrate component of fiber?

Functional fiber is currently defined as

Glycemic control is _____ in response to foods rich in fiber or to fiber supplements.

121 20. Which fiber type is poorly fermentable?

Pectins are part of the cell wall and middle lamella and are _____.

Name a water-soluble, gel-forming fiber that functions in the plant as intracellular cement and that is used commercially to make jellies and to provide fiber in enteral formulas.

Interactions have been reported between gingko biloba and

The Cell: a Microcosm of Life

The Digestive System:mechanism for Nourishing the Body

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Integration and Regulation of Metabolismand the Impact of Exercise and Sport

Body Composition, Energy Expenditure, and Energy Balance

Water-Soluble Vitamins

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Major Minerals

Water and Electrolytes

Essential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Nonessential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

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Exam 4: Fiber

Which of the following is NOT a typical gastrointestinal response to ingestion of dietary fiber?

What characteristics of fiber may protect against developing colon cancer?

At this time, what is the state of the evidence for prebiotics use to prevent or treat diarrhea?

Flavonoids are phytochemicals that can function in the body as

The use of prebiotics for blood glucose regulation:

What mineral that is released in the colon by fermentation of fiber is considered to improve the proliferation of normal colon cells, thus inhibiting cancer?

What is the desirable amount of dietary fiber recommended for most population groups each day?

Dosages of ~2.5 to 10-15 g/day of prebiotics taken for at least _____ are required to increase the intestinal flora population.

Phytochemicals are

Fiber lowers serum cholesterol concentrations by all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT _____.

Which of the following is a mechanism for the constipation relief provided by fructooligosaccharides and inulin?

All of the following are among the seven top-selling herbs in America EXCEPT

When fibers form viscous gels in the stomach, which of the following occurs?

What is the primary noncarbohydrate component of fiber?

Functional fiber is currently defined as

Glycemic control is _____ in response to foods rich in fiber or to fiber supplements.

121 20. Which fiber type is poorly fermentable?

Pectins are part of the cell wall and middle lamella and are _____.

Name a water-soluble, gel-forming fiber that functions in the plant as intracellular cement and that is used commercially to make jellies and to provide fiber in enteral formulas.

Interactions have been reported between gingko biloba and

The Cell: a Microcosm of Life

The Digestive System:mechanism for Nourishing the Body

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Integration and Regulation of Metabolismand the Impact of Exercise and Sport

Body Composition, Energy Expenditure, and Energy Balance

Water-Soluble Vitamins

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Major Minerals

Water and Electrolytes

Essential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Nonessential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Filters