Question 1

Encoded within the nuclear DNA of each cell is

Accepted Answer

A)  the entire genome for that organism. 
B)  the genes coding for proteins needed by that particular cell in the organism. 
C)  chromatin. 
D)  a cell-specific histone. 
A)  the entire genome for that organism. 
B)  the genes coding for proteins needed by that particular cell in the organism. 
C)  chromatin. 
D)  a cell-specific histone. A

Question 2

The primary mechanism by which gene expression is modified by bioactive factors in food appears to be _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  mutations causing cancer 
B)  interactions with transcription factors 
C)  production of SNPs 
D)  downregulation of translation 
A)  mutations causing cancer 
B)  interactions with transcription factors 
C)  production of SNPs 
D)  downregulation of translation B

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT an attribute common to all membranes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Membranes are symmetrical. 
B)  Membranes form sheet-like structures. 
C)  Membranes are fluid structures. 
D)  Membranes protect cellular components. 
A)  Membranes are symmetrical. 
B)  Membranes form sheet-like structures. 
C)  Membranes are fluid structures. 
D)  Membranes protect cellular components. A

Question 4

In which organelle do the TCA cycle and fatty acid oxidation occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Golgi apparatus 
B)  nucleus 
C)  microsomes 
D)  mitochondrion 
A)  Golgi apparatus 
B)  nucleus 
C)  microsomes 
D)  mitochondrion

Question 5

A high Km means _____ affinity and is stated in units of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  low; concentration (e.g., M; mM; μM) 
B)  high; rate (e.g., molecules/sec; moles/min) 
C)  high; time (e.g., hours; min; sec) 
D)  low; does not have any units 
A)  low; concentration (e.g., M; mM; μM) 
B)  high; rate (e.g., molecules/sec; moles/min) 
C)  high; time (e.g., hours; min; sec) 
D)  low; does not have any units

Question 6

The organelle that serves as the digestive system for the cell is the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  polysome 
B)  endosome 
C)  lysosome 
D)  ribosome 
A)  polysome 
B)  endosome 
C)  lysosome 
D)  ribosome

Question 7

What type of cell depends solely on energy produced through anaerobic mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  hepatocyte 
B)  enterocyte 
C)  glucocyte 
D)  erythrocyte 
A)  hepatocyte 
B)  enterocyte 
C)  glucocyte 
D)  erythrocyte

Question 8

Which of the following enzymes has diagnostic value for disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  isocitrate dehydrogenase 
B)  ornithine carbomoyl transferase 
C)  isozymes of lactate dehydrogenase 
D)  isozymes of phosphofructokinase 
A)  isocitrate dehydrogenase 
B)  ornithine carbomoyl transferase 
C)  isozymes of lactate dehydrogenase 
D)  isozymes of phosphofructokinase

Question 9

The quantity of energy released in an exothermic reaction is _____ the quantity required for the reverse endothermic reaction.

Accepted Answer

A)  the same as 
B)  greater than 
C)  less than 
D)  not related to 
A)  the same as 
B)  greater than 
C)  less than 
D)  not related to

Question 10

What is the major route for ATP production?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxidative phosphorylation 
B)  hydrolysis 
C)  peroxidation 
D)  transformation 
A)  oxidative phosphorylation 
B)  hydrolysis 
C)  peroxidation 
D)  transformation

Question 11

The organelle responsible for production of most of the metabolic energy (ATP) is the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Golgi apparatus 
B)  endoplasmic reticulum 
C)  nucleus 
D)  mitochondrion 
A)  Golgi apparatus 
B)  endoplasmic reticulum 
C)  nucleus 
D)  mitochondrion

Question 12

A common mutation in the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase enzyme (MTHFR) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  prevents the individual from activating the B vitamin folate 
B)  diminishes the activity of the enzyme 
C)  increases the activity of the enzyme 
D)  both a and b 
A)  prevents the individual from activating the B vitamin folate 
B)  diminishes the activity of the enzyme 
C)  increases the activity of the enzyme 
D)  both a and b

Question 13

The organelle that detoxifies by oxidizing molecules such as hydrogen peroxide and ethanol is the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  peroxisome 
B)  endosome 
C)  lysosome 
D)  ribosome 
A)  peroxisome 
B)  endosome 
C)  lysosome 
D)  ribosome

Question 14

The carbohydrate moieties of the plasma membrane glycoproteins and glycolipids are oriented _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  outwardly, away from the cytoplasmic matrix 
B)  inwardly, toward the lumen 
C)  equally inwardly and outwardly to maintain symmetry 
D)  between the bilayers of the membranes 
A)  outwardly, away from the cytoplasmic matrix 
B)  inwardly, toward the lumen 
C)  equally inwardly and outwardly to maintain symmetry 
D)  between the bilayers of the membranes

Question 15

Diagnostic enzymology focuses on

Accepted Answer

A)  enzymes that are widely distributed among many tissues. 
B)  intracellular enzymes that express their activity in the blood abnormally due to a disease process. 
C)  secreted enzymes such as clotting proteins in blood. 
D)  nuclear enzymes. 
A)  enzymes that are widely distributed among many tissues. 
B)  intracellular enzymes that express their activity in the blood abnormally due to a disease process. 
C)  secreted enzymes such as clotting proteins in blood. 
D)  nuclear enzymes.

Question 16

Translation is the process by which

Accepted Answer

A)  the genetic information (base sequence) in a single strand of DNA is used to specify a complementary sequence of bases in an mRNA chain. 
B)  a daughter duplex DNA molecule that is identical to the parental duplex DNA is synthesized. 
C)  the polypeptide chain of the protein product is extended. 
D)  genetic information in an mRNA molecule specifies the sequence of amino acids in the protein product. 
A)  the genetic information (base sequence) in a single strand of DNA is used to specify a complementary sequence of bases in an mRNA chain. 
B)  a daughter duplex DNA molecule that is identical to the parental duplex DNA is synthesized. 
C)  the polypeptide chain of the protein product is extended. 
D)  genetic information in an mRNA molecule specifies the sequence of amino acids in the protein product.

Question 17

The net energy transformation when nutrients are systematically oxidized to carbon dioxide and water is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  reversible 
B)  catalytic 
C)  endothermic 
D)  exothermic 
A)  reversible 
B)  catalytic 
C)  endothermic 
D)  exothermic

Question 18

What lifestyle change would be most important to individuals with a common variant in the GST gene that impairs protections against toxins?

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing levels of daily exercise 
B)  eating a low-fat diet 
C)  increasing ingestion of cruciferous vegetables 
D)  increasing intake of omega-3 fats 
A)  increasing levels of daily exercise 
B)  eating a low-fat diet 
C)  increasing ingestion of cruciferous vegetables 
D)  increasing intake of omega-3 fats

Question 19

Maintaining balance in the regulation of metabolic pathways necessary for life of the organism includes all of these catalytic regulatory mechanisms EXCEPT _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing the synthesis of constitutive enzymes 
B)  covalent modification through hormone stimulation 
C)  modulation of allosteric enzymes 
D)  increasing adaptable enzyme concentration by induction 
A)  increasing the synthesis of constitutive enzymes 
B)  covalent modification through hormone stimulation 
C)  modulation of allosteric enzymes 
D)  increasing adaptable enzyme concentration by induction

Question 20

Membrane proteins serve as all of the following EXCEPT _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  pumps 
B)  detoxifiers 
C)  receptors 
D)  enzymes 
A)  pumps 
B)  detoxifiers 
C)  receptors 
D)  enzymes

Encoded within the nuclear DNA of each cell is

The primary mechanism by which gene expression is modified by bioactive factors in food appears to be _____.

Which of the following is NOT an attribute common to all membranes?

In which organelle do the TCA cycle and fatty acid oxidation occur?

A high K_m means _ affinity and is stated in units of _.

The organelle that serves as the digestive system for the cell is the _____.

What type of cell depends solely on energy produced through anaerobic mechanisms?

Which of the following enzymes has diagnostic value for disease?

The quantity of energy released in an exothermic reaction is _____ the quantity required for the reverse endothermic reaction.

What is the major route for ATP production?

The organelle responsible for production of most of the metabolic energy (ATP) is the _____.

A common mutation in the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase enzyme (MTHFR) _____.

The organelle that detoxifies by oxidizing molecules such as hydrogen peroxide and ethanol is the _____.

The carbohydrate moieties of the plasma membrane glycoproteins and glycolipids are oriented _____.

Diagnostic enzymology focuses on

Translation is the process by which

The net energy transformation when nutrients are systematically oxidized to carbon dioxide and water is _____.

What lifestyle change would be most important to individuals with a common variant in the GST gene that impairs protections against toxins?

Maintaining balance in the regulation of metabolic pathways necessary for life of the organism includes all of these catalytic regulatory mechanisms EXCEPT _____.

Membrane proteins serve as all of the following EXCEPT _____.

The Digestive System:mechanism for Nourishing the Body

Carbohydrates

Fiber

Lipids

Protein

Integration and Regulation of Metabolismand the Impact of Exercise and Sport

Body Composition, Energy Expenditure, and Energy Balance

Water-Soluble Vitamins

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Major Minerals

Water and Electrolytes

Essential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Nonessential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Filters

Exam 1: The Cell: a Microcosm of Life

Encoded within the nuclear DNA of each cell is

The primary mechanism by which gene expression is modified by bioactive factors in food appears to be _____.

Which of the following is NOT an attribute common to all membranes?

In which organelle do the TCA cycle and fatty acid oxidation occur?

A high Km means _____ affinity and is stated in units of _____.

The organelle that serves as the digestive system for the cell is the _____.

What type of cell depends solely on energy produced through anaerobic mechanisms?

Which of the following enzymes has diagnostic value for disease?

The quantity of energy released in an exothermic reaction is _____ the quantity required for the reverse endothermic reaction.

What is the major route for ATP production?

The organelle responsible for production of most of the metabolic energy (ATP) is the _____.

A common mutation in the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase enzyme (MTHFR) _____.

The organelle that detoxifies by oxidizing molecules such as hydrogen peroxide and ethanol is the _____.

The carbohydrate moieties of the plasma membrane glycoproteins and glycolipids are oriented _____.

Diagnostic enzymology focuses on

Translation is the process by which

The net energy transformation when nutrients are systematically oxidized to carbon dioxide and water is _____.

What lifestyle change would be most important to individuals with a common variant in the GST gene that impairs protections against toxins?

Maintaining balance in the regulation of metabolic pathways necessary for life of the organism includes all of these catalytic regulatory mechanisms EXCEPT _____.

Membrane proteins serve as all of the following EXCEPT _____.

The Digestive System:mechanism for Nourishing the Body

Carbohydrates

Fiber

Lipids

Protein

Integration and Regulation of Metabolismand the Impact of Exercise and Sport

Body Composition, Energy Expenditure, and Energy Balance

Water-Soluble Vitamins

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Major Minerals

Water and Electrolytes

Essential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Nonessential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Filters

A high K_m means _ affinity and is stated in units of _.