Question 1

Under the influence of insulin, which of the following pathways is increased?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogenesis 
B)  glycogenolysis 
C)  phosphorylation of glycogen synthase 
D)  phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase 
A)  glycogenesis 
B)  glycogenolysis 
C)  phosphorylation of glycogen synthase 
D)  phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase A

Question 2

What is the preferred source of energy used by muscles to spare protein during prolonged starvation?

Accepted Answer

A)  ketones 
B)  glucose 
C)  fatty acids 
D)  amino acids 
A)  ketones 
B)  glucose 
C)  fatty acids 
D)  amino acids A

Question 3

Training enhances utilization of fat as the primary energy substrate during submaximal exercise due to

Accepted Answer

A)  enhanced activity of glycolytic enzymes. 
B)  enhanced activity of mitochondrial oxidative enzymes. 
C)  enhanced glucose uptake. 
D)  decreased carnitine acyltransferase. 
A)  enhanced activity of glycolytic enzymes. 
B)  enhanced activity of mitochondrial oxidative enzymes. 
C)  enhanced glucose uptake. 
D)  decreased carnitine acyltransferase. B

Question 4

What intermediate's formation in the Krebs cycle is interrelated with the biosynthesis of heme?

Accepted Answer

A)  succinyl-CoA 
B)  oxaloacetate 
C)  citrate 
D)  fumarate 
A)  succinyl-CoA 
B)  oxaloacetate 
C)  citrate 
D)  fumarate

Question 5

Amino acids from muscle breakdown provide the chief substrate for which metabolic process?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis 
B)  gluconeogenesis 
C)  glycogenesis 
D)  pentose phosphate pathway 
A)  glycolysis 
B)  gluconeogenesis 
C)  glycogenesis 
D)  pentose phosphate pathway

Question 6

In the human, most triacylglyerols are synthesized by the

Accepted Answer

A)  adipose tissue. 
B)  heart. 
C)  liver. 
D)  brain. 
A)  adipose tissue. 
B)  heart. 
C)  liver. 
D)  brain.

Question 7

What is the final common catabolic pathway for metabolism of carbohydrate, protein, and fat?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetyl-CoA; oxidation 
B)  gluconeogenesis; glycolysis 
C)  Krebs cycle; electron transport 
D)  lipolysis; ketogenesis 
A)  acetyl-CoA; oxidation 
B)  gluconeogenesis; glycolysis 
C)  Krebs cycle; electron transport 
D)  lipolysis; ketogenesis

Question 8

In which organ does urea synthesis occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  kidney 
B)  spleen 
C)  liver 
D)  pancreas 
A)  kidney 
B)  spleen 
C)  liver 
D)  pancreas

Question 9

What is the limitation that shifts the predominant use of fat for energy at low-intensity exercise to the predominant use of carbohydrate oxidation at high-intensity exercise?

Accepted Answer

A)  rate of production of ATP 
B)  rate of mobilization of fatty acids from the adipocytes 
C)  rate of transamination of amino acids 
D)  rate of muscle glycogen breakdown 
A)  rate of production of ATP 
B)  rate of mobilization of fatty acids from the adipocytes 
C)  rate of transamination of amino acids 
D)  rate of muscle glycogen breakdown

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT transported by the vascular system?

Accepted Answer

A)  regulatory hormonal messages from the endocrine system 
B)  oxygen from the respiratory system 
C)  regulatory neural messages from the nervous system 
D)  organic nutrients and minerals from the digestive system 
A)  regulatory hormonal messages from the endocrine system 
B)  oxygen from the respiratory system 
C)  regulatory neural messages from the nervous system 
D)  organic nutrients and minerals from the digestive system

Question 11

Which amino acid produced by transamination of pyruvate with glutamic acid provides a disposal route for nitrogen produced from the catabolism of muscle amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  histidine 
B)  tyrosine 
C)  tryptophan 
D)  alanine 
A)  histidine 
B)  tyrosine 
C)  tryptophan 
D)  alanine

Question 12

Which amino acid is considered purely ketogenic?

Accepted Answer

A)  methionine 
B)  histidine 
C)  tryptophan 
D)  leucine 
A)  methionine 
B)  histidine 
C)  tryptophan 
D)  leucine

Question 13

In the fasted state, you would find:

Accepted Answer

A)  dephosphorylated glycogen synthase. 
B)  an increase in the amount of hexokinase. 
C)  allosteric inhibition of phosphofructokinase by NAD. 
D)  induction of pyruvate carboxylase. 
E)  more than one of the above 
A)  dephosphorylated glycogen synthase. 
B)  an increase in the amount of hexokinase. 
C)  allosteric inhibition of phosphofructokinase by NAD. 
D)  induction of pyruvate carboxylase. 
E)  more than one of the above

Question 14

Which of the following actions of insulin occurs only after hours or days?

Accepted Answer

A)  membrane changes for glucose transport 
B)  inhibition of activity of catabolic enzymes 
C)  repression of synthesis of catabolic enzymes 
D)  promotion of cell replication 
A)  membrane changes for glucose transport 
B)  inhibition of activity of catabolic enzymes 
C)  repression of synthesis of catabolic enzymes 
D)  promotion of cell replication

Question 15

A protein-sparing shift in metabolism from gluconeogenesis to lipolysis occurs during the

Accepted Answer

A)  early fasting state. 
B)  fasting state. 
C)  starvation state. 
D)  fed state. 
A)  early fasting state. 
B)  fasting state. 
C)  starvation state. 
D)  fed state.

Question 16

During exercise, which of the following contributes only minimally to the amount of ATP used by working muscles?

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle glycogen 
B)  blood glucose 
C)  plasma fatty acids 
D)  oxidation of amino acids 
A)  muscle glycogen 
B)  blood glucose 
C)  plasma fatty acids 
D)  oxidation of amino acids

Question 17

What amino acid plays an important role in controlling toxicity from ammonia released during amino acid catabolism by the glutamate dehydrogenase reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  glutamine 
B)  glycine 
C)  serine 
D)  valine 
A)  glutamine 
B)  glycine 
C)  serine 
D)  valine

Question 18

Which of the following amino acids is glucogenic in the post-absorptive state?

Accepted Answer

A)  taurine 
B)  leucine 
C)  alanine 
D)  lysine 
A)  taurine 
B)  leucine 
C)  alanine 
D)  lysine

Question 19

How long does it take for the postabsorptive state to evolve into the fasting state?

Accepted Answer

A)  12-18 hours 
B)  24-36 hours 
C)  18-48 hours 
D)  36-72 hours 
A)  12-18 hours 
B)  24-36 hours 
C)  18-48 hours 
D)  36-72 hours

Question 20

After three days of starvation, what proportion of the energy needs of the brain is supplied by ketones?

Accepted Answer

A)  one-eighth 
B)  one-fourth 
C)  one-third 
D)  one-half 
A)  one-eighth 
B)  one-fourth 
C)  one-third 
D)  one-half

Under the influence of insulin, which of the following pathways is increased?

What is the preferred source of energy used by muscles to spare protein during prolonged starvation?

Training enhances utilization of fat as the primary energy substrate during submaximal exercise due to

What intermediate's formation in the Krebs cycle is interrelated with the biosynthesis of heme?

Amino acids from muscle breakdown provide the chief substrate for which metabolic process?

In the human, most triacylglyerols are synthesized by the

What is the final common catabolic pathway for metabolism of carbohydrate, protein, and fat?

In which organ does urea synthesis occur?

What is the limitation that shifts the predominant use of fat for energy at low-intensity exercise to the predominant use of carbohydrate oxidation at high-intensity exercise?

Which of the following is NOT transported by the vascular system?

Which amino acid produced by transamination of pyruvate with glutamic acid provides a disposal route for nitrogen produced from the catabolism of muscle amino acids?

Which amino acid is considered purely ketogenic?

In the fasted state, you would find:

Which of the following actions of insulin occurs only after hours or days?

A protein-sparing shift in metabolism from gluconeogenesis to lipolysis occurs during the

During exercise, which of the following contributes only minimally to the amount of ATP used by working muscles?

What amino acid plays an important role in controlling toxicity from ammonia released during amino acid catabolism by the glutamate dehydrogenase reaction?

Which of the following amino acids is glucogenic in the post-absorptive state?

How long does it take for the postabsorptive state to evolve into the fasting state?

After three days of starvation, what proportion of the energy needs of the brain is supplied by ketones?

The Cell: a Microcosm of Life

The Digestive System:mechanism for Nourishing the Body

Carbohydrates

Fiber

Lipids

Protein

Body Composition, Energy Expenditure, and Energy Balance

Water-Soluble Vitamins

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Major Minerals

Water and Electrolytes

Essential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Nonessential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

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Exam 7: Integration and Regulation of Metabolismand the Impact of Exercise and Sport

Under the influence of insulin, which of the following pathways is increased?

What is the preferred source of energy used by muscles to spare protein during prolonged starvation?

Training enhances utilization of fat as the primary energy substrate during submaximal exercise due to

What intermediate's formation in the Krebs cycle is interrelated with the biosynthesis of heme?

Amino acids from muscle breakdown provide the chief substrate for which metabolic process?

In the human, most triacylglyerols are synthesized by the

What is the final common catabolic pathway for metabolism of carbohydrate, protein, and fat?

In which organ does urea synthesis occur?

What is the limitation that shifts the predominant use of fat for energy at low-intensity exercise to the predominant use of carbohydrate oxidation at high-intensity exercise?

Which of the following is NOT transported by the vascular system?

Which amino acid produced by transamination of pyruvate with glutamic acid provides a disposal route for nitrogen produced from the catabolism of muscle amino acids?

Which amino acid is considered purely ketogenic?

In the fasted state, you would find:

Which of the following actions of insulin occurs only after hours or days?

A protein-sparing shift in metabolism from gluconeogenesis to lipolysis occurs during the

During exercise, which of the following contributes only minimally to the amount of ATP used by working muscles?

What amino acid plays an important role in controlling toxicity from ammonia released during amino acid catabolism by the glutamate dehydrogenase reaction?

Which of the following amino acids is glucogenic in the post-absorptive state?

How long does it take for the postabsorptive state to evolve into the fasting state?

After three days of starvation, what proportion of the energy needs of the brain is supplied by ketones?

The Cell: a Microcosm of Life

The Digestive System:mechanism for Nourishing the Body

Carbohydrates

Fiber

Lipids

Protein

Body Composition, Energy Expenditure, and Energy Balance

Water-Soluble Vitamins

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Major Minerals

Water and Electrolytes

Essential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Nonessential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Filters