Question 1

Which of the following represents the correlational research design?

Accepted Answer

A)  Two groups of participants (those who are left-handed and those who are right-handed) are asked to perform a speeded cognitive task to compare performance for the two groups. 
B)  Participants take a handedness questionnaire with score indicating the degree of right- and left-handedness to look for a relationship between handedness score and time to complete a cognitive task. 
C)  Participants are randomly assigned to conditions where a cognitive task is given with speeded or non-speeded instructions to determine if there is an effect of instruction type of task performance. 
A)  Two groups of participants (those who are left-handed and those who are right-handed) are asked to perform a speeded cognitive task to compare performance for the two groups. 
B)  Participants take a handedness questionnaire with score indicating the degree of right- and left-handedness to look for a relationship between handedness score and time to complete a cognitive task. 
C)  Participants are randomly assigned to conditions where a cognitive task is given with speeded or non-speeded instructions to determine if there is an effect of instruction type of task performance.

Question 2

In correlational research multiple measures are collected from _______ groups) of subjects to determine if those measures co-vary.

Accepted Answer

A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  three 
D)  four 
A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  three 
D)  four

Question 3

Analyses that allow predictions include:

Accepted Answer

A)  regressions 
B)  t-tests 
C)  ANOVAs 
D)  ANCOVAs 
A)  regressions 
B)  t-tests 
C)  ANOVAs 
D)  ANCOVAs

Question 4

Correlational studies provide information that allows researchers to determine which variables should be considered when they design tests of causal relationships.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The direction of the cause and effect relationship cannot be determined from a correlational study because none of the variables is manipulated in the study.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Correlation equals causation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Important information can be gained from correlational studies about the likelihood of an event based on the relationship with another event, but this relationship may or may not be ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive 
B)  negative 
C)  causal 
D)  predictive 
A)  positive 
B)  negative 
C)  causal 
D)  predictive

Question 8

When a variable that is not of interest in a study may explain the results of a study this is called

Accepted Answer

A)  high internal validity. 
B)  the third variable problem. 
C)  experimenter bias. 
D)  low reliability. 
A)  high internal validity. 
B)  the third variable problem. 
C)  experimenter bias. 
D)  low reliability.

Question 9

Correlational studies are designed to examine relationships between measured variables.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

A relationship between variables characterized by an increase in one variable that occurs with an increase in the other variable is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  a positive relationship. 
B)  a negative relationship. 
C)  a causal relationship. 
D)  a predictive relationship. 
A)  a positive relationship. 
B)  a negative relationship. 
C)  a causal relationship. 
D)  a predictive relationship.

Question 11

In a scatterplot, the __________ variable is typically plotted on the x-axis, whereas the ________ variable is typically plotted on the y-axis.

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent; independent 
B)  confounding; dependent 
C)  predictor; outcome 
D)  outcome; dependent 
A)  dependent; independent 
B)  confounding; dependent 
C)  predictor; outcome 
D)  outcome; dependent

Question 12

How are correlational studies different from quasi-experiments?

Accepted Answer

Correlational studies measure dependent

Question 13

Explain the difference between a descriptive research question and a predictive research question. Provide an example of each type of research question.

Accepted Answer

A descriptive research question is one w

Question 14

Explain why correlational studies do not provide the best test of a causal research question.

Accepted Answer

A variable is manipulated in a

Question 15

No groups of subjects are compared in a correlational study as they are in _________ experiments.

Accepted Answer

A)  quasi 
B)  analytical 
C)  descriptive 
D)  predictive 
A)  quasi 
B)  analytical 
C)  descriptive 
D)  predictive

Question 16

A researcher may conduct a correlational study with the ultimate goal of predicting one behavior from another behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Correlational studies never involve naturalistic observations or systematic observations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Suppose that a researcher found that as introversion (as measured on a standardized questionnaire) of participants goes up, number of social activities attended per week decreases. This finding represents

Accepted Answer

A)  a positive relationship. 
B)  a negative relationship. 
C)  no relationship. 
D)  none of the above. 
A)  a positive relationship. 
B)  a negative relationship. 
C)  no relationship. 
D)  none of the above.

Which of the following represents the correlational research design?

In correlational research multiple measures are collected from _______ groups) of subjects to determine if those measures co-vary.

Analyses that allow predictions include:

Correlational studies provide information that allows researchers to determine which variables should be considered when they design tests of causal relationships.

The direction of the cause and effect relationship cannot be determined from a correlational study because none of the variables is manipulated in the study.

Correlation equals causation.

Important information can be gained from correlational studies about the likelihood of an event based on the relationship with another event, but this relationship may or may not be ____________.

When a variable that is not of interest in a study may explain the results of a study this is called

Correlational studies are designed to examine relationships between measured variables.

A relationship between variables characterized by an increase in one variable that occurs with an increase in the other variable is called:

In a scatterplot, the __ variable is typically plotted on the x-axis, whereas the variable is typically plotted on the y-axis.

How are correlational studies different from quasi-experiments?

Explain the difference between a descriptive research question and a predictive research question. Provide an example of each type of research question.

Explain why correlational studies do not provide the best test of a causal research question.

No groups of subjects are compared in a correlational study as they are in _________ experiments.

A researcher may conduct a correlational study with the ultimate goal of predicting one behavior from another behavior.

Correlational studies never involve naturalistic observations or systematic observations.

Suppose that a researcher found that as introversion (as measured on a standardized questionnaire) of participants goes up, number of social activities attended per week decreases. This finding represents

Psychological Research: the Whys and Hows of the Scientific Method and Data

Developing a Research Question and Understanding Research Reports

Ethical Guidelines for Psychological Research

Probability and Sampling

How Psychologists Use the Scientific Method: Data Collection Techniques and Research Designs

Descriptive Statistics

Independent Variables and Validity in Research

One-Factor Experiments

Hypothesis-Testing Logic

One-Way Analysis of Variance

Correlation Tests and Simple Linear Regression

Chi-Square Tests

Multifactor Experiments

Filters

Exam 10: Javascript: Arrays

Which of the following represents the correlational research design?

In correlational research multiple measures are collected from _______ groups) of subjects to determine if those measures co-vary.

Analyses that allow predictions include:

Correlational studies provide information that allows researchers to determine which variables should be considered when they design tests of causal relationships.

The direction of the cause and effect relationship cannot be determined from a correlational study because none of the variables is manipulated in the study.

Correlation equals causation.

Important information can be gained from correlational studies about the likelihood of an event based on the relationship with another event, but this relationship may or may not be ____________.

When a variable that is not of interest in a study may explain the results of a study this is called

Correlational studies are designed to examine relationships between measured variables.

A relationship between variables characterized by an increase in one variable that occurs with an increase in the other variable is called:

In a scatterplot, the __________ variable is typically plotted on the x-axis, whereas the ________ variable is typically plotted on the y-axis.

How are correlational studies different from quasi-experiments?

Explain the difference between a descriptive research question and a predictive research question. Provide an example of each type of research question.

Explain why correlational studies do not provide the best test of a causal research question.

No groups of subjects are compared in a correlational study as they are in _________ experiments.

A researcher may conduct a correlational study with the ultimate goal of predicting one behavior from another behavior.

Correlational studies never involve naturalistic observations or systematic observations.

Suppose that a researcher found that as introversion (as measured on a standardized questionnaire) of participants goes up, number of social activities attended per week decreases. This finding represents

Psychological Research: the Whys and Hows of the Scientific Method and Data

Developing a Research Question and Understanding Research Reports

Ethical Guidelines for Psychological Research

Probability and Sampling

How Psychologists Use the Scientific Method: Data Collection Techniques and Research Designs

Descriptive Statistics

Independent Variables and Validity in Research

One-Factor Experiments

Hypothesis-Testing Logic

One-Way Analysis of Variance

Correlation Tests and Simple Linear Regression

Chi-Square Tests

Multifactor Experiments

Filters

In a scatterplot, the __ variable is typically plotted on the x-axis, whereas the variable is typically plotted on the y-axis.