Exam 10: Decentralization and Performance Evaluation

Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "Together, the continued use of pesticides and the increase in agricultural production will guarantee that wildlife will be threatened." W = Wildlife are (or will be) threatened. A = Agricultural production is increased. P = The use of pesticides is continued.

For the following argument, assign truth values to the letters to show the argument's invalidity (there is only one such assignment). (Q & S) → (P v R) T → Q ~T v S/∴ T → R

Determine whether the following is valid or invalid: Either the bank made a mistake, or none of this month's deposits have been recorded. If our accountant is correct, then all the accounts have been reconciled. If it is not the case that none of the month's deposits has been recorded, then all the accounts could not have been reconciled. I have checked with our accountant, and he is indeed correct. Therefore, the only alternative is that the bank made a mistake.

Determine whether the following symbolized argument is valid or invalid. If invalid, provide a counterexample; if valid, construct a deduction. (E v N) → (X & O) ~X/∴ ~N

Determine which of the lettered claims below is equivalent to the following: The gun cannot be sold unless it has a trigger lock. (This can be easy to do if you symbolize the claims first and have some familiarity either with truth tables or with the Group II rules for derivations-the truth-functional equivalences.)

For the following argument, assign truth values to the letters to show the argument's invalidity (there is only one such assignment). P v Q (Q & R) → S ~P → ~R/∴ R → S

For the following argument, assign truth values to the letters to show the argument's invalidity (there is only one such assignment). ~L & S (P v Q) → L/∴ Q v S

Determine whether the following is valid or invalid: If she can play the tuba, then she can darn well play the baritone. And if she can play the baritone, then she can play the French horn. We can conclude that as she can play the tuba, she can play the French horn.

Determine which of the lettered claims below is equivalent to the following: The gun can be sold even though it has no trigger lock. (This can be easy to do if you symbolize the claims first and have some familiarity either with truth tables or with the Group II rules for derivations-the truth-functional equivalences.)

For the following argument, assign truth values to the letters to show the argument's invalidity (there is only one such assignment). S → (P v R) Q → S/∴ Q → P

For the following argument, assign truth values to the letters to show the argument's invalidity (there is only one such assignment). Q v P ~Q → ~R/∴ R → P

Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "We cannot plant perennials if we plant from either seed or from cuttings." P = We plant perennials. S = We plant from seed. C = We plant from cuttings.

Determine whether the following is valid or invalid: If we don't see the movie tonight, we won't be able to talk about it in class. And if we can't talk about it in class, we won't make Ms. Schmidt very happy. So let's see the movie. Then Ms. Schmidt will be happy.

Using the letters provided below, symbolize this claim: "The continuation of pesticide use will be sufficient to ensure that wildlife will be threatened." W = Wildlife are (or will be) threatened. P = The use of pesticides is continued.

For the following argument, assign truth values to the letters to show the argument's invalidity (there is only one such assignment). P v Q P → R/∴ R → Q

Use the short truth-table method to determine whether the following is valid or invalid: A → B ~D → ~C ~D ~C → ~B/∴ ~A

Determine which of the lettered claims below is equivalent to the following: Steve can give blood if he has been tested. (This is easy to do if you symbolize the claims first and have some familiarity either with truth tables or with the Group II rules for derivations-the truth-functional equivalences.)

Determine whether the following symbolized argument is valid or invalid. If invalid, provide a counterexample; if valid, construct a deduction. A v ~Z G → Z ~A ~G → ~H/∴ H

Determine whether the following is valid or invalid: If he doesn't think he'll pass the class, then either he'll be talking to someone, or he won't be paying attention, or both. Well, look at him. He's talking to someone. And he's not paying the least bit of attention. Clearly he doesn't think he'll pass the class.

Determine whether the following symbolized argument is valid or invalid. If invalid, provide a counterexample; if valid, construct a deduction. ~P → (Q & R) P → ~S Q v R/∴ ~S