Question 1

In the context of perceptual constancy, size constancy is a tendency to:

Accepted Answer

A)  perceive changes in the retinal image size of an object. 
B)  perceive an object's size as constant, despite changes in the size of the object's retinal image. 
C)  use variety of cues simultaneously to obtain information about depth. 
D)  perceive the size of an object in relation to its perceived distance. 
A)  perceive changes in the retinal image size of an object. 
B)  perceive an object's size as constant, despite changes in the size of the object's retinal image. 
C)  use variety of cues simultaneously to obtain information about depth. 
D)  perceive the size of an object in relation to its perceived distance. B

Question 2

A man and his son are riding along a tree-lined road. The man stares straight ahead through the windshield as he drives, and his son, sitting in the back seat, looks outside the window. Discuss the depth cues available to each rider.

Accepted Answer

Optic flow is a critical cue to depth when a person is driving, though it also operates, of course, when the person is moving more slowly through a scene. In this scenario, the man, in his peripheral vision, can see the landscape at the side of the car whizzing by in a blur and disappearing out the edges of his field of view. The more distant landscape flows outward more slowly. Only the point where he is heading (the focus of expansion) remains stationary in his retinal image. He also can use linear perspective to gauge the trees receding in the distance. Looking outside the window, his son experiences that more distant objects move more slowly across his retina than nearby objects. This refers to motion parallax. The son observes that the nearby trees are passing quickly and the distant elements of the landscape remain almost still. Deletion and accretion also occur as the trees and other objects are covered and uncovered with the movement of the car.

Question 3

As the distance between an object and the horopter increases, the binocular disparity for the object _____, regardless of whether disparity is crossed or uncrossed.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases 
B)  decreases 
C)  remains unchanged 
D)  reaches an intermediate point 
A)  increases 
B)  decreases 
C)  remains unchanged 
D)  reaches an intermediate point A

Question 4

Larry and Theo are both 6 feet tall. Larry stands at 10 feet from an observer, and Theo stands at 15 feet from the observer. Here, Larry would produce a:

Accepted Answer

A)  smaller visual angle than Theo would produce. 
B)  larger visual angle than Theo would produce. 
C)  same-size visual angle as Theo would produce. 
D)  smaller retinal image than Theo would produce. 
A)  smaller visual angle than Theo would produce. 
B)  larger visual angle than Theo would produce. 
C)  same-size visual angle as Theo would produce. 
D)  smaller retinal image than Theo would produce.

Question 5

Objects that are either closer to an observer or farther away from the observer than the horopter will project retinal images that fall:

Accepted Answer

A)  on corresponding points. 
B)  at zero disparity. 
C)  at crossed disparity. 
D)  on noncorresponding points. 
A)  on corresponding points. 
B)  at zero disparity. 
C)  at crossed disparity. 
D)  on noncorresponding points.

Question 6

Stereopsis is a depth cue arising from the visual system's processing of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  different retinal images in the two eyes. 
B)  different retinal images in a single eye at two different times. 
C)  texture elements that project a retinal image as distance of the object from the observer increases. 
D)  light that falls on curved surfaces in ways that give rise to shading differences. 
A)  different retinal images in the two eyes. 
B)  different retinal images in a single eye at two different times. 
C)  texture elements that project a retinal image as distance of the object from the observer increases. 
D)  light that falls on curved surfaces in ways that give rise to shading differences.

Question 7

In the context of autostereoscopy, the parallax barrier method works BEST with:

Accepted Answer

A)  the Ames room. 
B)  handheld video games. 
C)  corrective lenses for improving vision. 
D)  forced perspective. 
A)  the Ames room. 
B)  handheld video games. 
C)  corrective lenses for improving vision. 
D)  forced perspective.

Question 8

In the Ames room illusion, an observer is required to look through the peephole with just one eye because:

Accepted Answer

A)  that eliminates misperception of distance, which leads to misperception of object size. 
B)  that eliminates linear perspective and, as the participant moves across the room from left to right, the objects in the room appear to move right to left at different speeds. 
C)  the objects in the room appear to converge as they recede in depth. 
D)  that eliminates the binocular depth cue and the trapezoidal shapes all look rectangular. 
A)  that eliminates misperception of distance, which leads to misperception of object size. 
B)  that eliminates linear perspective and, as the participant moves across the room from left to right, the objects in the room appear to move right to left at different speeds. 
C)  the objects in the room appear to converge as they recede in depth. 
D)  that eliminates the binocular depth cue and the trapezoidal shapes all look rectangular.

Question 9

The oculomotor depth cue that involves adjusting the shape of the lens to focus an image sharply on the retina is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  binocular disparity. 
B)  convergence. 
C)  accommodation. 
D)  optic flow. 
A)  binocular disparity. 
B)  convergence. 
C)  accommodation. 
D)  optic flow.

Question 10

The Ponzo illusion illustrates the principle of:

Accepted Answer

A)  lighting effects in the retinal image that function as depth cues. 
B)  size-distance invariance and the powerful influence of linear perspective on size perception. 
C)  perceived size of an afterimage that is proportional to the distance of the surface on which it is projected. 
D)  shape-slant invariance, where the perceived shape of an object depends on its perceived slant. 
A)  lighting effects in the retinal image that function as depth cues. 
B)  size-distance invariance and the powerful influence of linear perspective on size perception. 
C)  perceived size of an afterimage that is proportional to the distance of the surface on which it is projected. 
D)  shape-slant invariance, where the perceived shape of an object depends on its perceived slant.

Question 11

Which statement explains the principle of size-distance invariance?

Accepted Answer

A)  The perceived size of an afterimage is proportional to the distance of the surface on which it's "projected." 
B)  The perceived size of an object depends on its perceived distance. 
C)  The perceived size of an object tends to remain constant, despite changes in the wavelengths and intensity of the light. 
D)  The depth cues of two objects depend on their perceived distance. 
A)  The perceived size of an afterimage is proportional to the distance of the surface on which it's "projected." 
B)  The perceived size of an object depends on its perceived distance. 
C)  The perceived size of an object tends to remain constant, despite changes in the wavelengths and intensity of the light. 
D)  The depth cues of two objects depend on their perceived distance.

Question 12

Binocular cells are neurons that:

Accepted Answer

A)  respond to parallel lines as they appear to converge and recede in depth. 
B)  respond best to the stimulation of their receptive fields in both eyes simultaneously. 
C)  respond to stimulation of one eye only. 
D)  produce a vivid sense of depth arising from the visual system's processing of the different retinal images in the two eyes. 
A)  respond to parallel lines as they appear to converge and recede in depth. 
B)  respond best to the stimulation of their receptive fields in both eyes simultaneously. 
C)  respond to stimulation of one eye only. 
D)  produce a vivid sense of depth arising from the visual system's processing of the different retinal images in the two eyes.

Question 13

In the context of dynamic cues, as a person moves through the environment, objects farther from the fixation point:

Accepted Answer

A)  appear to move faster than objects nearer the fixation point. 
B)  appear to move slower than objects nearer the fixation point. 
C)  appear to move in the same direction as the observer, while objects nearer the fixation point appear to move in the opposite direction. 
D)  do not appear to move, while objects nearer the observer move in the same direction as the observer. 
A)  appear to move faster than objects nearer the fixation point. 
B)  appear to move slower than objects nearer the fixation point. 
C)  appear to move in the same direction as the observer, while objects nearer the fixation point appear to move in the opposite direction. 
D)  do not appear to move, while objects nearer the observer move in the same direction as the observer.

Question 14

Emmert's law states that the perceived size of an afterimage:

Accepted Answer

A)  is proportional to the distance of the surface on which it's "projected." 
B)  remains constant, regardless of the distance of the surface on which it's projected. 
C)  increases as the distance of the surface on which it's projected decreases. 
D)  remains constant, despite changes in the size of the object's retinal image due to the object's changing distance. 
A)  is proportional to the distance of the surface on which it's "projected." 
B)  remains constant, regardless of the distance of the surface on which it's projected. 
C)  increases as the distance of the surface on which it's projected decreases. 
D)  remains constant, despite changes in the size of the object's retinal image due to the object's changing distance.

Question 15

As David drives down a long straight road with his eyes focused on the steep cliff straight ahead, the entire landscape at the side of the car whizzes by in a blur and then disappears out the edges of his field of view. Only the point where David is heading remains stationary in his retinal image. This illustrates the depth cue of:

Accepted Answer

A)  stereopsis. 
B)  deletion and accretion. 
C)  optic flow. 
D)  crossed disparity. 
A)  stereopsis. 
B)  deletion and accretion. 
C)  optic flow. 
D)  crossed disparity.

Question 16

Marr and Poggio (1979) suggested that the visual system determines the correspondences in the two retinal images, and thus it is possible to compute the binocular disparities by making two simple and quite reasonable assumptions about the world when matching features in the left and right retinal images. Here, one of these assumptions states that:

Accepted Answer

A)  if surface variations are fairly regular in size and spacing, the retinal image size of these equal-size features decreases as their distance increases. 
B)  each feature in one retinal image will match three or more features in the other retinal image. 
C)  almost every point in the field of view is surrounded by points at different depths. 
D)  each feature in one retinal image will match only one feature in the other retinal image. 
A)  if surface variations are fairly regular in size and spacing, the retinal image size of these equal-size features decreases as their distance increases. 
B)  each feature in one retinal image will match three or more features in the other retinal image. 
C)  almost every point in the field of view is surrounded by points at different depths. 
D)  each feature in one retinal image will match only one feature in the other retinal image.

Question 17

On a recent trip to the planet Juno, you encounter creatures with two eyes. Their eyes, however, are arranged vertically on their faces, which resemble a traffic light. Explain the reasons for believing or not believing that the inhabitants on Juno can effectively utilize stereopsis to assess the relative depth of objects on the ground.

Accepted Answer

When two eyes are arranged in a traffic-

Question 18

The tendency to perceive an object's shape as constant, despite changes in the shape of the object's retinal image due to the object's changing orientation, is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  shape constancy. 
B)  shape-slant invariance. 
C)  size constancy. 
D)  binocular disparity. 
A)  shape constancy. 
B)  shape-slant invariance. 
C)  size constancy. 
D)  binocular disparity.

Question 19

At a neighbor's garage sale, you find an old-time stereogram showing a group of people standing at the center of the Eiffel Tower's base, and a zeppelin hovering in the background. How do the relative positions of the main objects change in the left-eye and right-eye pictures, respectively, to achieve the 3-D effect?

Accepted Answer

In this scenario, if we assume that the

Question 20

Accommodation provides depth information only for objects up to about _____ m away.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  10 
C)  5 
D)  7 
A)  2 
B)  10 
C)  5 
D)  7

In the context of perceptual constancy, size constancy is a tendency to:

A man and his son are riding along a tree-lined road. The man stares straight ahead through the windshield as he drives, and his son, sitting in the back seat, looks outside the window. Discuss the depth cues available to each rider.

As the distance between an object and the horopter increases, the binocular disparity for the object _____, regardless of whether disparity is crossed or uncrossed.

Larry and Theo are both 6 feet tall. Larry stands at 10 feet from an observer, and Theo stands at 15 feet from the observer. Here, Larry would produce a:

Objects that are either closer to an observer or farther away from the observer than the horopter will project retinal images that fall:

Stereopsis is a depth cue arising from the visual system's processing of the:

In the context of autostereoscopy, the parallax barrier method works BEST with:

In the Ames room illusion, an observer is required to look through the peephole with just one eye because:

The oculomotor depth cue that involves adjusting the shape of the lens to focus an image sharply on the retina is called:

The Ponzo illusion illustrates the principle of:

Which statement explains the principle of size-distance invariance?

Binocular cells are neurons that:

In the context of dynamic cues, as a person moves through the environment, objects farther from the fixation point:

Emmert's law states that the perceived size of an afterimage:

The tendency to perceive an object's shape as constant, despite changes in the shape of the object's retinal image due to the object's changing orientation, is called:

Accommodation provides depth information only for objects up to about _____ m away.

Foundations

Light and the Eyes

The Visual Brain

Recognizing Visual Objects

Perceiving Color

Perceiving Motion

Perception for Action

Attention and Awareness

Sound and the Ears

The Auditory Brain and Perceiving Auditory Scenes

Perceiving Speech and Music

The Body Senses

Olfaction: Perceiving Odors

Gustation: Perceiving Tastes and Flavors

Filters

Exam 6: Perceiving Depth

In the context of perceptual constancy, size constancy is a tendency to:

A man and his son are riding along a tree-lined road. The man stares straight ahead through the windshield as he drives, and his son, sitting in the back seat, looks outside the window. Discuss the depth cues available to each rider.

As the distance between an object and the horopter increases, the binocular disparity for the object _____, regardless of whether disparity is crossed or uncrossed.

Larry and Theo are both 6 feet tall. Larry stands at 10 feet from an observer, and Theo stands at 15 feet from the observer. Here, Larry would produce a:

Objects that are either closer to an observer or farther away from the observer than the horopter will project retinal images that fall:

Stereopsis is a depth cue arising from the visual system's processing of the:

In the context of autostereoscopy, the parallax barrier method works BEST with:

In the Ames room illusion, an observer is required to look through the peephole with just one eye because:

The oculomotor depth cue that involves adjusting the shape of the lens to focus an image sharply on the retina is called:

The Ponzo illusion illustrates the principle of:

Which statement explains the principle of size-distance invariance?

Binocular cells are neurons that:

In the context of dynamic cues, as a person moves through the environment, objects farther from the fixation point:

Emmert's law states that the perceived size of an afterimage:

The tendency to perceive an object's shape as constant, despite changes in the shape of the object's retinal image due to the object's changing orientation, is called:

Accommodation provides depth information only for objects up to about _____ m away.

Foundations

Light and the Eyes

The Visual Brain

Recognizing Visual Objects

Perceiving Color

Perceiving Motion

Perception for Action

Attention and Awareness

Sound and the Ears

The Auditory Brain and Perceiving Auditory Scenes

Perceiving Speech and Music

The Body Senses

Olfaction: Perceiving Odors

Gustation: Perceiving Tastes and Flavors

Filters