Question 1

In order to maximally stimulate a retinal ganglion cell with an on-center receptive field, a spot of bright light should strike:

Accepted Answer

A)  both the center and the surround of the entire receptive field. 
B)  the entire center of the receptive field without touching the surround. 
C)  only the surround of the receptive field. 
D)  neither the center nor the surround of the receptive field. 
A)  both the center and the surround of the entire receptive field. 
B)  the entire center of the receptive field without touching the surround. 
C)  only the surround of the receptive field. 
D)  neither the center nor the surround of the receptive field. B

Question 2

Compare the focusing mechanism of an eye with that of a camera: Contrast their similarities and differences.

Accepted Answer

Both the eye and the camera use a clear lens to focus light rays onto an image plane (e.g., the retina of the eye). In a camera, in order to focus light onto the image plane, one has to move the lens farther from the image plane as the object gets closer. The shape of a simple camera lens is fixed; this determines the power of the lens, which correspondingly determines the focal length. In the mammalian eye, in contrast, instead of moving the lens closer to or further from the retina, the eye adjusts the shape of the lens to change its focal length.

Question 3

Photons that cross a boundary between two transparent or translucent media at an oblique angle are:

Accepted Answer

A)  transmitted. 
B)  absorbed. 
C)  reflected. 
D)  refracted. 
A)  transmitted. 
B)  absorbed. 
C)  reflected. 
D)  refracted. D

Question 4

The area of the retina that does NOT contain any photoreceptors is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  fovea. 
B)  macula. 
C)  optic disk. 
D)  outer segment. 
A)  fovea. 
B)  macula. 
C)  optic disk. 
D)  outer segment.

Question 5

Which disorder of vision can be treated with LASIK surgery?

Accepted Answer

A)  astigmatism 
B)  cataracts 
C)  glaucoma 
D)  floaters 
A)  astigmatism 
B)  cataracts 
C)  glaucoma 
D)  floaters

Question 6

In rod monochromats, the:

Accepted Answer

A)  retina develops with cones but without rods. 
B)  optic disk consists only of cones. 
C)  retina develops with rods but without cones. 
D)  optic disk consists only of rods. 
A)  retina develops with cones but without rods. 
B)  optic disk consists only of cones. 
C)  retina develops with rods but without cones. 
D)  optic disk consists only of rods.

Question 7

The density of cones:

Accepted Answer

A)  is highest in the optic disk. 
B)  remains constant throughout the retina. 
C)  rises rapidly within a short distance of the fovea. 
D)  is highest in the fovea. 
A)  is highest in the optic disk. 
B)  remains constant throughout the retina. 
C)  rises rapidly within a short distance of the fovea. 
D)  is highest in the fovea.

Question 8

Both the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye are filled with a clear thin fluid known as the:

Accepted Answer

A)  retinal fluid. 
B)  vitreous humor. 
C)  aqueous humor. 
D)  chamber fluid. 
A)  retinal fluid. 
B)  vitreous humor. 
C)  aqueous humor. 
D)  chamber fluid.

Question 9

The all-trans retinal and 11-cis-retinal shapes of photopigment molecules are known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphenes. 
B)  isomers. 
C)  photochromes. 
D)  enantiomers. 
A)  phosphenes. 
B)  isomers. 
C)  photochromes. 
D)  enantiomers.

Question 10

A local police force is trying to decide which type of night-vision device (NVD) should be purchased for the squad. Describe the arguments that might be put forth by a salesman (assume there is a difference salesman for each device type) to promote their particular technology. Contrast thermal imaging and image enhancement in the answer.

Accepted Answer

The salesperson promoting NVDs based on

Question 11

Which graph of Mach bands display does a person perceive when looking at the illustration below?
A) A
B) B

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which graph of Mach bands display does...

Question 12

Which disorder of vision results from the intraocular pressure being too HIGH for a person's eye?

Accepted Answer

A)  astigmatism 
B)  cataracts 
C)  glaucoma 
D)  floaters 
A)  astigmatism 
B)  cataracts 
C)  glaucoma 
D)  floaters

Question 13

The _____ is the region of a sensory surface that, when stimulated, causes a change in the firing rate of a neuron.

Accepted Answer

A)  fovea 
B)  blind spot 
C)  receptive field 
D)  near point 
A)  fovea 
B)  blind spot 
C)  receptive field 
D)  near point

Question 14

Accommodation is the term used for the ability of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  cornea to refract light. 
B)  pupil to change its size under different light conditions. 
C)  lens to adjust its shape to focus on objects at different distances from the eye. 
D)  retina to adjust its shape in response to bright light. 
A)  cornea to refract light. 
B)  pupil to change its size under different light conditions. 
C)  lens to adjust its shape to focus on objects at different distances from the eye. 
D)  retina to adjust its shape in response to bright light.

Question 15

Studies on the midget versus parasol types of RGCs show that, at any given distance from the fovea:

Accepted Answer

A)  both types of RGCs have similar receptive fields. 
B)  parasol RGCs have relatively small receptive fields and midget RGCs have relatively large receptive fields. 
C)  both types of RGCs send the same kind of visual information to the brain. 
D)  midget RGCs have relatively small receptive fields and parasol RGCs have relatively large receptive fields. 
A)  both types of RGCs have similar receptive fields. 
B)  parasol RGCs have relatively small receptive fields and midget RGCs have relatively large receptive fields. 
C)  both types of RGCs send the same kind of visual information to the brain. 
D)  midget RGCs have relatively small receptive fields and parasol RGCs have relatively large receptive fields.

Question 16

The superior and inferior rectus muscles move the eye:

Accepted Answer

A)  up and down. 
B)  side to side. 
C)  clockwise and counterclockwise. 
D)  in all directions. 
A)  up and down. 
B)  side to side. 
C)  clockwise and counterclockwise. 
D)  in all directions.

Question 17

The density of rods:

Accepted Answer

A)  is highest in the optic disk. 
B)  remains constant throughout the retina. 
C)  rises rapidly within a short distance of the fovea. 
D)  is highest in the fovea. 
A)  is highest in the optic disk. 
B)  remains constant throughout the retina. 
C)  rises rapidly within a short distance of the fovea. 
D)  is highest in the fovea.

Question 18

Describe the path of a single photon from the time it enters the eye till the moment it is absorbed. Through which structures of the eye does the photon pass, and how is its path altered at each step?

Accepted Answer

A photon would first pass through the co

Question 19

The three layers of membranes in the eye (from outer to inner) are:

Accepted Answer

A)  the sclera, the retina, and the choroid. 
B)  the retina, the sclera, and the choroid. 
C)  the choroid, the retina, and the sclera. 
D)  the sclera, the choroid, and the retina. 
A)  the sclera, the retina, and the choroid. 
B)  the retina, the sclera, and the choroid. 
C)  the choroid, the retina, and the sclera. 
D)  the sclera, the choroid, and the retina.

Question 20

A single particle of light is known as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  neutron. 
B)  photon. 
C)  proton. 
D)  electron. 
A)  neutron. 
B)  photon. 
C)  proton. 
D)  electron.

In order to maximally stimulate a retinal ganglion cell with an on-center receptive field, a spot of bright light should strike:

Compare the focusing mechanism of an eye with that of a camera: Contrast their similarities and differences.

Photons that cross a boundary between two transparent or translucent media at an oblique angle are:

The area of the retina that does NOT contain any photoreceptors is the:

Which disorder of vision can be treated with LASIK surgery?

In rod monochromats, the:

The density of cones:

Both the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye are filled with a clear thin fluid known as the:

The all-trans retinal and 11-cis-retinal shapes of photopigment molecules are known as:

Which graph of Mach bands display does a person perceive when looking at the illustration below? A) A B) B

Which disorder of vision results from the intraocular pressure being too HIGH for a person's eye?

The _____ is the region of a sensory surface that, when stimulated, causes a change in the firing rate of a neuron.

Accommodation is the term used for the ability of the:

Studies on the midget versus parasol types of RGCs show that, at any given distance from the fovea:

The superior and inferior rectus muscles move the eye:

The density of rods:

Describe the path of a single photon from the time it enters the eye till the moment it is absorbed. Through which structures of the eye does the photon pass, and how is its path altered at each step?

The three layers of membranes in the eye (from outer to inner) are:

A single particle of light is known as a(n):

Foundations

The Visual Brain

Recognizing Visual Objects

Perceiving Color

Perceiving Depth

Perceiving Motion

Perception for Action

Attention and Awareness

Sound and the Ears

The Auditory Brain and Perceiving Auditory Scenes

Perceiving Speech and Music

The Body Senses

Olfaction: Perceiving Odors

Gustation: Perceiving Tastes and Flavors

Filters

Exam 2: Light and the Eyes

In order to maximally stimulate a retinal ganglion cell with an on-center receptive field, a spot of bright light should strike:

Compare the focusing mechanism of an eye with that of a camera: Contrast their similarities and differences.

Photons that cross a boundary between two transparent or translucent media at an oblique angle are:

The area of the retina that does NOT contain any photoreceptors is the:

Which disorder of vision can be treated with LASIK surgery?

In rod monochromats, the:

The density of cones:

Both the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye are filled with a clear thin fluid known as the:

The all-trans retinal and 11-cis-retinal shapes of photopigment molecules are known as:

Which graph of Mach bands display does a person perceive when looking at the illustration below? A) A B) B

Which disorder of vision results from the intraocular pressure being too HIGH for a person's eye?

The _____ is the region of a sensory surface that, when stimulated, causes a change in the firing rate of a neuron.

Accommodation is the term used for the ability of the:

Studies on the midget versus parasol types of RGCs show that, at any given distance from the fovea:

The superior and inferior rectus muscles move the eye:

The density of rods:

Describe the path of a single photon from the time it enters the eye till the moment it is absorbed. Through which structures of the eye does the photon pass, and how is its path altered at each step?

The three layers of membranes in the eye (from outer to inner) are:

A single particle of light is known as a(n):

Foundations

The Visual Brain

Recognizing Visual Objects

Perceiving Color

Perceiving Depth

Perceiving Motion

Perception for Action

Attention and Awareness

Sound and the Ears

The Auditory Brain and Perceiving Auditory Scenes

Perceiving Speech and Music

The Body Senses

Olfaction: Perceiving Odors

Gustation: Perceiving Tastes and Flavors

Filters