Question 1

High fluid pressure in a rock body will:

Accepted Answer

A)  act to decrease the confining pressure 
B)  cause an increase in confining pressure 
C)  tend to increase the differential stress 
D)  keep a rock from being deformed in any situation 
A)  act to decrease the confining pressure 
B)  cause an increase in confining pressure 
C)  tend to increase the differential stress 
D)  keep a rock from being deformed in any situation

Question 2

What is the difference between a joint and a fault?

Accepted Answer

A)  a joint is formed by confining pressure 
B)  a joint is formed by differential stress but a fault is not 
C)  a fault is formed by tension but a joint is formed by compression 
D)  a fault displaces the rocks on one side relative to another 
A)  a joint is formed by confining pressure 
B)  a joint is formed by differential stress but a fault is not 
C)  a fault is formed by tension but a joint is formed by compression 
D)  a fault displaces the rocks on one side relative to another

Question 3

Which of the following is most likely to occur at shallow crustal levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  ductile behavior 
B)  brittle deformation 
C)  growth of new minerals 
D)  recrystallization of minerals 
E)  metamorphism 
A)  ductile behavior 
B)  brittle deformation 
C)  growth of new minerals 
D)  recrystallization of minerals 
E)  metamorphism

Question 4

What type of deformation is shown in this photograph?

Accepted Answer

A)  displacement 
B)  rotation 
C)  internal strain of the rock 
D)  columnar joints 
A)  displacement 
B)  rotation 
C)  internal strain of the rock 
D)  columnar joints

Question 5

What type of tectonic event formed the main structures in the Valley and Ridge Province of the Appalachian Mountains?

Accepted Answer

A)  rifting and stretching of the continental crust 
B)  rifting and thickening of the continental crust 
C)  melting associated with an ocean-continent convergent margin 
D)  a continental collision 
A)  rifting and stretching of the continental crust 
B)  rifting and thickening of the continental crust 
C)  melting associated with an ocean-continent convergent margin 
D)  a continental collision

Question 6

In what environments does low pressure/high temperature metamorphism occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  near magma but at shallow levels 
B)  near magma but at deep levels 
C)  under normal conditions of burial and heating 
D)  in a subduction zone or accretionary prism 
E)  none of these 
A)  near magma but at shallow levels 
B)  near magma but at deep levels 
C)  under normal conditions of burial and heating 
D)  in a subduction zone or accretionary prism 
E)  none of these

Question 7

What type of stress formed the structure shown in this figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  compression 
B)  tension 
C)  shear 
D)  none of these because no fracture was formed 
A)  compression 
B)  tension 
C)  shear 
D)  none of these because no fracture was formed

Question 8

The special geologic terms used to represent the direction of a horizontal line on an inclined surface like in a fault) and the angle of that surface to the horizontal are:

Accepted Answer

A)  strike and dip 
B)  fracture and joint 
C)  footwall and hanging wall 
D)  horst and graben 
A)  strike and dip 
B)  fracture and joint 
C)  footwall and hanging wall 
D)  horst and graben

Question 9

This hard rock contains sand-sized grains of quartz. Fractures cut across, not around the sand grains. What is the correct name for this rock?

Accepted Answer

A)  schist 
B)  slate 
C)  gneiss 
D)  quartzite 
A)  schist 
B)  slate 
C)  gneiss 
D)  quartzite

Question 10

Why could the geologic setting in this figure cause metamorphism?

Accepted Answer

A)  because it forces some rocks deeper as they are overridden by rocks above the fault 
B)  it would only cause metamorphism very near the surface 
C)  it would only cause metamorphism where the fault intersects the surface 
D)  it cannot cause metamorphism 
E)  none of these 
A)  because it forces some rocks deeper as they are overridden by rocks above the fault 
B)  it would only cause metamorphism very near the surface 
C)  it would only cause metamorphism where the fault intersects the surface 
D)  it cannot cause metamorphism 
E)  none of these

Question 11

What kind of structure is shown in this image?

Accepted Answer

A)  monocline 
B)  strike-slip fault 
C)  asymmetric fold 
D)  subduction zone 
A)  monocline 
B)  strike-slip fault 
C)  asymmetric fold 
D)  subduction zone

Question 12

In what direction were the rocks in the center of this cross section shortened?

Accepted Answer

A)  in a vertical direction 
B)  in a horizontal direction 
C)  they were not shortened, they were pulled apart 
D)  there is no way to tell 
A)  in a vertical direction 
B)  in a horizontal direction 
C)  they were not shortened, they were pulled apart 
D)  there is no way to tell

Question 13

What type of rock forms through solid-state alteration of a previously existing rock, by heating, pressure, and/or fluid chemistry?

Accepted Answer

A)  metamorphic 
B)  igneous 
C)  precipitates 
D)  alternative 
A)  metamorphic 
B)  igneous 
C)  precipitates 
D)  alternative

Question 14

What types of features are shown in this photograph of unmetamorphosed sedimentary rocks?

Accepted Answer

A)  erosion of very tightly folded gneiss 
B)  erosion along joints 
C)  erosion of strong and weak layers 
D)  erosion of a series of fault scarps 
A)  erosion of very tightly folded gneiss 
B)  erosion along joints 
C)  erosion of strong and weak layers 
D)  erosion of a series of fault scarps

Question 15

Which of the following are true for horsts and grabens?

Accepted Answer

A)  A horst is a block that is uplifted relative to blocks on either side. 
B)  A graben is a block that is dropped down relative to blocks on either side. 
C)  May form associated with multiple normal faults. 
D)  These are all true of horsts and grabens. 
A)  A horst is a block that is uplifted relative to blocks on either side. 
B)  A graben is a block that is dropped down relative to blocks on either side. 
C)  May form associated with multiple normal faults. 
D)  These are all true of horsts and grabens.

Question 16

What features are shown in this photograph of unmetamorphosed sandstone?

Accepted Answer

A)  faults 
B)  folds 
C)  cleavage 
D)  foliation 
E)  joints 
A)  faults 
B)  folds 
C)  cleavage 
D)  foliation 
E)  joints

Question 17

Which of the following characterizes mid-ocean ridges?

Accepted Answer

A)  contact metamorphism near magma chambers 
B)  normal faults 
C)  tension 
D)  metamorphism associated with hot seawater 
E)  all of these 
A)  contact metamorphism near magma chambers 
B)  normal faults 
C)  tension 
D)  metamorphism associated with hot seawater 
E)  all of these

Question 18

What type of structure is shown in this figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  thrust fault 
B)  anticline 
C)  syncline 
D)  monocline 
E)  basin 
A)  thrust fault 
B)  anticline 
C)  syncline 
D)  monocline 
E)  basin

Question 19

What type of fault is shown in this figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  dip-slip fault 
B)  normal fault 
C)  strike-slip fault 
D)  reverse fault 
A)  dip-slip fault 
B)  normal fault 
C)  strike-slip fault 
D)  reverse fault

Question 20

What type of stress could form the fault in this figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  confining pressure 
B)  horizontal tension 
C)  vertical tension 
D)  horizontal compression 
E)  any of these 
A)  confining pressure 
B)  horizontal tension 
C)  vertical tension 
D)  horizontal compression 
E)  any of these

High fluid pressure in a rock body will:

What is the difference between a joint and a fault?

Which of the following is most likely to occur at shallow crustal levels?

What type of deformation is shown in this photograph?

What type of tectonic event formed the main structures in the Valley and Ridge Province of the Appalachian Mountains?

In what environments does low pressure/high temperature metamorphism occur?

What type of stress formed the structure shown in this figure?

The special geologic terms used to represent the direction of a horizontal line on an inclined surface like in a fault) and the angle of that surface to the horizontal are:

This hard rock contains sand-sized grains of quartz. Fractures cut across, not around the sand grains. What is the correct name for this rock?

Why could the geologic setting in this figure cause metamorphism?

What kind of structure is shown in this image?

In what direction were the rocks in the center of this cross section shortened?

What type of rock forms through solid-state alteration of a previously existing rock, by heating, pressure, and/or fluid chemistry?

What types of features are shown in this photograph of unmetamorphosed sedimentary rocks?

Which of the following are true for horsts and grabens?

What features are shown in this photograph of unmetamorphosed sandstone?

Which of the following characterizes mid-ocean ridges?

What type of structure is shown in this figure?

What type of fault is shown in this figure?

What type of stress could form the fault in this figure?

The Nature of Geology

Investigating Geologic Questions

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Earth Materials

Igneous Environments

Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards

Sedimentary Environments

Geologic Time

Seafloor and Continental Margins

Mountains, Basins, and Continents

Earthquakes and Earths Interior

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Glaciers, Shorelines, and Changing Sea Levels

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Exam 8: Deformation and Metamorphism

High fluid pressure in a rock body will:

What is the difference between a joint and a fault?

Which of the following is most likely to occur at shallow crustal levels?

What type of deformation is shown in this photograph?

What type of tectonic event formed the main structures in the Valley and Ridge Province of the Appalachian Mountains?

In what environments does low pressure/high temperature metamorphism occur?

What type of stress formed the structure shown in this figure?

The special geologic terms used to represent the direction of a horizontal line on an inclined surface like in a fault) and the angle of that surface to the horizontal are:

This hard rock contains sand-sized grains of quartz. Fractures cut across, not around the sand grains. What is the correct name for this rock?

Why could the geologic setting in this figure cause metamorphism?

What kind of structure is shown in this image?

In what direction were the rocks in the center of this cross section shortened?

What type of rock forms through solid-state alteration of a previously existing rock, by heating, pressure, and/or fluid chemistry?

What types of features are shown in this photograph of unmetamorphosed sedimentary rocks?

Which of the following are true for horsts and grabens?

What features are shown in this photograph of unmetamorphosed sandstone?

Which of the following characterizes mid-ocean ridges?

What type of structure is shown in this figure?

What type of fault is shown in this figure?

What type of stress could form the fault in this figure?

The Nature of Geology

Investigating Geologic Questions

Plate Tectonics

Earth Materials

Igneous Environments

Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards

Sedimentary Environments

Geologic Time

Seafloor and Continental Margins

Mountains, Basins, and Continents

Earthquakes and Earths Interior

Climate and Weathering

Glaciers, Shorelines, and Changing Sea Levels

Weathering, Soil, and Unstable Slopes

Streams and Flooding

Water Resources

Energy and Mineral Resources

Geology of the Solar System

Filters