Question 1

What type of molecules act to draw phagocytes to foreign substances?

Accepted Answer

A)  RES 
B)  PAMPs 
C)  MALTs 
D)  IFNs 
E)  BALTs 
A)  RES 
B)  PAMPs 
C)  MALTs 
D)  IFNs 
E)  BALTs

Question 2

A patient visits your clinic often with recurrent respiratory infections. Based upon their medical history, it appears they have been an active smoker for over 40 years. Select the statement that most accurately re?ects how this information may reveal why the patient is highly susceptible to respiratory pathogens.

Accepted Answer

A)  Smoking decreases the activity of neutrophils. 
B)  Smoking directly inhibits B- and T-cell action. 
C)  Smoking decreases the formation and effectiveness of complement proteins. 
D)  Smoking can paralyze the ciliary escalator. 
A)  Smoking decreases the activity of neutrophils. 
B)  Smoking directly inhibits B- and T-cell action. 
C)  Smoking decreases the formation and effectiveness of complement proteins. 
D)  Smoking can paralyze the ciliary escalator.

Question 3

The leakage of vascular ﬂuid into tissues is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  edema 
B)  diapedesis 
C)  pus 
D)  chemotaxis 
E)  vasoactivity 
A)  edema 
B)  diapedesis 
C)  pus 
D)  chemotaxis 
E)  vasoactivity

Question 4

Microbial antagonism is the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  suppression of the complement cascade by microbes 
B)  prevention of immune responses by the resident microbiota 
C)  inhibition of T cell binding to microbes 
D)  competition for nutrients, oxygen, and space between the resident microbiota and potential pathogens 
A)  suppression of the complement cascade by microbes 
B)  prevention of immune responses by the resident microbiota 
C)  inhibition of T cell binding to microbes 
D)  competition for nutrients, oxygen, and space between the resident microbiota and potential pathogens

Question 5

Nonspeci?c chemical defenses include _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  lysozyme 
B)  lactic acid and electrolytes of sweat 
C)  the skin's acidic pH and fatty acids 
D)  stomach hydrochloric acid 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  lysozyme 
B)  lactic acid and electrolytes of sweat 
C)  the skin's acidic pH and fatty acids 
D)  stomach hydrochloric acid 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 6

Hematopoiesis is the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues 
B)  loss of blood due to hemorrhaging 
C)  plugging of broken vessels to stop bleeding 
D)  production of only red blood cells 
E)  production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets 
A)  migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues 
B)  loss of blood due to hemorrhaging 
C)  plugging of broken vessels to stop bleeding 
D)  production of only red blood cells 
E)  production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets

Question 7

The alternate complement pathway uses complement proteins C1, C2, and C4.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following is mismatched in relation to inﬂammation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tumor - cancer 
B)  Calor - warmth 
C)  Rubor - redness 
D)  Dolor - pain 
A)  Tumor - cancer 
B)  Calor - warmth 
C)  Rubor - redness 
D)  Dolor - pain

Question 9

The membrane attack stage of the complement cascade involves ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  the cleaving of C3 to yield C3a and C3b 
B)  initiation of the cascade 
C)  a ring-shaped protein digesting holes in bacterial cell membranes and virus envelopes 
D)  C1q binding to surface receptors on a membrane 
E)  the production of inﬂammatory cytokines 
A)  the cleaving of C3 to yield C3a and C3b 
B)  initiation of the cascade 
C)  a ring-shaped protein digesting holes in bacterial cell membranes and virus envelopes 
D)  C1q binding to surface receptors on a membrane 
E)  the production of inﬂammatory cytokines

Question 10

Which of the following is incorrect about in?ammation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fever could be bene?cial to inhibiting the pathogen. 
B)  In?ammation can last hours to years. 
C)  Basophils and mast cells release histamine. 
D)  Pyrogens cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability. 
E)  Serotonin causes smooth muscle contraction. 
A)  Fever could be bene?cial to inhibiting the pathogen. 
B)  In?ammation can last hours to years. 
C)  Basophils and mast cells release histamine. 
D)  Pyrogens cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability. 
E)  Serotonin causes smooth muscle contraction.

Question 11

The mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) is an intricate network throughout the body that comprises ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  connective tissue ﬁbers and phagocytic white blood cells 
B)  connective tissue ﬁbers, mast cells, and basophils 
C)  connective tissue and monocytes 
D)  connective tissue and lymphocytes 
A)  connective tissue ﬁbers and phagocytic white blood cells 
B)  connective tissue ﬁbers, mast cells, and basophils 
C)  connective tissue and monocytes 
D)  connective tissue and lymphocytes

Question 12

During what process are hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide produced in order to destroy bacteria and inhibit viral replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lysozyme production 
B)  Complement production 
C)  Interferon production 
D)  Inﬂammation 
E)  Phagocytosis 
A)  Lysozyme production 
B)  Complement production 
C)  Interferon production 
D)  Inﬂammation 
E)  Phagocytosis

Question 13

You cut your ﬁnger dicing chicken for dinner. Which of the following is not a source of chemicals that stimulate the inﬂammatory response that results from the injury?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antibody-producing plasma cells 
B)  Host tissues damaged by the knife 
C)  Localized leukocytes 
D)  Bacterial cells that infect the wound 
A)  Antibody-producing plasma cells 
B)  Host tissues damaged by the knife 
C)  Localized leukocytes 
D)  Bacterial cells that infect the wound

Question 14

The main function of the mononuclear phagocyte system is to provide ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  a connection between tissues and organs 
B)  surveillance cells 
C)  ﬁltration of extracellular ﬂuid 
D)  ﬁltration of blood 
A)  a connection between tissues and organs 
B)  surveillance cells 
C)  ﬁltration of extracellular ﬂuid 
D)  ﬁltration of blood

Question 15

A type of monocyte that has long, thin processes to trap pathogens is a/an ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  platelet 
B)  dendritic cell 
C)  mast cell 
D)  eosinophil 
E)  macrophage 
A)  platelet 
B)  dendritic cell 
C)  mast cell 
D)  eosinophil 
E)  macrophage

Question 16

Which of the following is a chemical used by phagocytes to destroy ingested foreign substances?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrogen peroxide 
B)  Nitric oxide 
C)  Lactic acid 
D)  Superoxide anion 
E)  All of these choices are used. 
A)  Hydrogen peroxide 
B)  Nitric oxide 
C)  Lactic acid 
D)  Superoxide anion 
E)  All of these choices are used.

Question 17

Which of the following represents the correct order of activity in the complement cascade?

Accepted Answer

A)  Membrane attack, initiation, polymerization, and ampliﬁcation 
B)  Initiation, ampliﬁcation, polymerization, and membrane attack 
C)  Ampliﬁcation, initiation, membrane attack, and polymerization 
D)  Polymerization, initiation, membrane attack, and ampliﬁcation 
E)  Initiation, membrane attack, polymerization, and ampliﬁcation 
A)  Membrane attack, initiation, polymerization, and ampliﬁcation 
B)  Initiation, ampliﬁcation, polymerization, and membrane attack 
C)  Ampliﬁcation, initiation, membrane attack, and polymerization 
D)  Polymerization, initiation, membrane attack, and ampliﬁcation 
E)  Initiation, membrane attack, polymerization, and ampliﬁcation

Question 18

Endotoxin is an exogenous pyrogen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Plasma cells ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  function in cell-mediated immunity 
B)  produce and secrete antibodies 
C)  are derived from T lymphocytes 
D)  function in blood clotting 
A)  function in cell-mediated immunity 
B)  produce and secrete antibodies 
C)  are derived from T lymphocytes 
D)  function in blood clotting

Question 20

The production of interferon will protect the host cell from a viral infection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 14: Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

What type of molecules act to draw phagocytes to foreign substances?

The leakage of vascular ﬂuid into tissues is called ______.

Microbial antagonism is the ______.

Nonspeci?c chemical defenses include _______.

Hematopoiesis is the ______.

The alternate complement pathway uses complement proteins C1, C2, and C4.

Which of the following is mismatched in relation to inﬂammation?

The membrane attack stage of the complement cascade involves ______.

Which of the following is incorrect about in?ammation?

The mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) is an intricate network throughout the body that comprises ______.

During what process are hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide produced in order to destroy bacteria and inhibit viral replication?

You cut your ﬁnger dicing chicken for dinner. Which of the following is not a source of chemicals that stimulate the inﬂammatory response that results from the injury?

The main function of the mononuclear phagocyte system is to provide ______.

A type of monocyte that has long, thin processes to trap pathogens is a/an ______.

Which of the following is a chemical used by phagocytes to destroy ingested foreign substances?

Which of the following represents the correct order of activity in the complement cascade?

Endotoxin is an exogenous pyrogen.

Plasma cells ______.

The production of interferon will protect the host cell from a viral infection.

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing of Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viruses and Prions

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism: the Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Analysis and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Microbe-Human Interactions: Health and Disease

Host Defenses Ii: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

Microbes and the Environment

Applied Microbiology and Food and Water Safety

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