Chat with AIExam 11: Critical Theory Perspectives on Globalization: Inequality, Imperialism, and Injustice
The critical theory perspective criticizes the other perspectives for assuming that development is a universalistic process that follows a single course initially set by Western ideas, power, and institutions.
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VerifiedTrue
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following states challenged Spanish and Portuguese exploration and colonization in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
(33) VerifiedC, D
What are the main elements of world systems theory?
(43) VerifiedAnswers may vary. World systems theory argues that the world economy must be thought of as a single, whole system whose main characteristic is a certain division of labor. The capitalist world economy began when multiple states and a global market came together for the purpose of accumulating capital. The best way to accumulate profit is by creating a monopoly on the sale of a certain good, but in a system of multiple states, monopoly is difficult. Rather, states create a quasimonopoly using various market restrictions, which lasts long enough for them to reap significant profits on that good. However, these quasimonopolies are eventually challenged, and their market restrictions eventually expire, leading less advanced states to begin producing that good (but at much lower profits). This dynamic generates a division of labor between core states that produce leading products (which generate high profits) and peripheral states that produce lagging products (which generate low profits); semiperipheral states produce a roughly even mix of leading and lagging products.
From the critical theory perspective, MNCs are uniquely the primary cause of exploitation.
(38) According to dependency theory, the plantation is a direct result of metropole-satellite relationships.
(38) Which perspective would most likely argue that globalization has resulted in a gap between advanced and developing countries in terms of access to computers, cell phones, and other telecommunication devices?
(36) Arguing that European explorers were more active than their Chinese counterparts because Europeans could appeal to multiple, competing governments for support is to highlight the importance of which of the following factors?
(28) According to the critical theory perspective, globalization is driven by a ______, not sequential, logic that cannot be steered or stopped.
(39) According to the critical theory perspective, colonialism established patterns of dependency that persist today.
(39) According to world systems theory, what is the international distribution of labor produced by global capitalism?
(48) According to the critical theory perspective, what types of relationships between the West and societies in the rest of the world have allowed the West to develop?
(30) Approximately ten million ______ were transported from Africa to the Americas, in addition to millions that did not survive the journey.
(41) Which perspective attributes the emergence of the West as a result of technology, specialization, and institutional innovations, such as the modern factory, markets, and domestic and international bureaucracy?
(44) The ______ refers to the gap between advanced and developing countries in terms of access to the digital devices or tools of the information age.
(35) According to the identity perspective, what would countries have to do to become more modern?
(37) What group constitutes approximately 90 percent of the workforce in export zones?
(34) According to dependency theory, what is the advanced center of an empire called?
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