Exam 1: Understanding Human Development: Approaches and Theories

Ethology is the scientific study of the evolutionary basis of behavior and its survival value.

What must an individual resolve in each of Erikson's psychosocial stages?

Adam was unable to finish high school because he needed to go to work to help his family financially. What type of influence does this describe?

What is the most obvious indicator of development?

A strength of longitudinal research is that, over time, it provides information about ______.

Taking an active role in development means being aware of influences in the surrounding environment.

Dr. Yang studies cross-cultural differences in body maturation and growth, including differences in body size, proportion, appearance, health, and perceptual abilities. What type of development is Dr. Yang is interested in?

______ development is characterized by slow and gradual change, whereas ______ development is characterized by abrupt change.

The dual responsibilities to do good and not do harm when conducting research are beneficence and ______.

A criticism of Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory is that it ______.

Describe the four steps used in the scientific method.

Which entity consists of relations and interactions among microsystems?

Which ethical principle requires scientists to be accurate, honest, and truthful in their work?

Briefly describe what a case study is, and why it is important for research.

Explain the difference between continuous and discontinuous development, and give an example of each.

Each time 3-year-old Maddy uses her potty chair, her father puts a sticker on a chart. After earning five stickers, Maddy gets to pick out a small toy at the store. Which approach is Maddy's father using to increase the likelihood that Maddy will continue to use the potty chair?

Tara is a four-year-old girl who is very polite. Ever since she was able to talk, her mother expected her to say please and thank you. When Tara would behave politely, her mother would praise her. Tara's behavior was shaped through ______.

Provide an example of how your current cohort (or generation) differs from that of your parents or grandparents.

Daryl's father works at a company with family-friendly policies. He is able to chaperone all of Daryl's field trips at school because he can rearrange his work schedule. Which system in Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory does this example illustrate?

According to Piaget, children and adults learn by interacting with their environments and organizing what they learn into ______.