Exam 2: Defining and Measuring Energy

Select the key term that is most associated with the description below. Each term is used only once. a. Commonly used in exercise physiology laboratories to determine the oxygen consumption and energy expenditure response to exercise, in some cases to determine maximal oxygen consumption b. Ability to measure accurately what was intended to be measured c. Used to directly measure the thermal energy of food d. Can measure both direct and indirect calorimetry e. Ability to reproduce a measurement and/or the consistency of repeated measurements f. Level of energy expenditure equal to that measured at rest g. Energy of motion h. Used in free-living situations to measure energy expenditure over weeks i. A protein-containing compound that catalyzes biochemical reactions j. Stored energy -Metabolic cart

It is estimated that sedentary people use about ____ kilocalories of energy per kilogram body weight daily.

If a food contains 350 calories, how many kilocalories does it contain?

Using the Cunningham Equation estimate the resting metabolic rate of a 25-year-old female endurance athlete who is 5'8" and weighs 145 lb. At 20 percent body fat she has approximately 52.7 kg of fat-free mass.

Most scientific journals require that energy be expressed as an SI unit, which is the kilocalorie.

Studies that compare reported energy intake with actual energy expenditure suggest that individuals, including athletes, underestimate their energy intake by approximately 15 percent and some as high as 20 percent.

If ____ is estimated, it is typically calculated by multiplying daily caloric intake by 10 percent.

In studies of normal-weight men who were starved and then refed, the effects of starvation on RMR persisted even after the starvation was no longer present.

Which macronutrient has the greatest effect on the thermic effect of food?

What are the commonly used units of measure for energy in the fields of nutrition and exercise physiology, and how do they relate to the SI unit of measure for energy?

The International System of Units (SI units) for energy is the ____.

When compared to machines, humans are more efficient at converting energy.

Which statement is true when people are asked to keep a food diary?

The caloric content of an individual food, a combination of foods in a meal, or the total amount of food consumed in a day can only be estimated.

Basal metabolic rate and resting metabolic rate are typically the same.

The three energy systems that replenish ATP are creatine phosphate, anaerobic glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation.

The storage of carbohydrates by forming glycogen for later use is an example of ____ work.

Very low calorie "starvation" diets result in a reduced resting metabolic rate and can actually impede weight loss.

Total energy expenditure is broken down into two components-resting metabolism and physical activity.

It is estimated that about ____ of adults who record food intake underreport it.