Question 1

The misinformation effect is produced when the experimenter

Accepted Answer

A)  hypnotizes research participants and tells them about some part of a crime right before they observe it. 
B)  has research participants deliberately recall something and then gives them a leading question after they have recalled it. 
C)  misinforms research participants about some part of a crime right before they observe it. 
D)  gives research participants information that could mislead them when obtaining their recall of something they have already observed. 
A)  hypnotizes research participants and tells them about some part of a crime right before they observe it. 
B)  has research participants deliberately recall something and then gives them a leading question after they have recalled it. 
C)  misinforms research participants about some part of a crime right before they observe it. 
D)  gives research participants information that could mislead them when obtaining their recall of something they have already observed.

Question 2

According to the text, the sleep deprivation experienced by Charles Lindbergh during his transatlantic flight MOST likely contributed to his experiencing:

Accepted Answer

A)  inattentional blindness to the bad weather conditions outside. 
B)  a type of visual illusion as he looked at objects outside his window. 
C)  a hallucination in the form of a presence that helped to guide him. 
D)  a schema that helped him recognize how his mind worked. 
A)  inattentional blindness to the bad weather conditions outside. 
B)  a type of visual illusion as he looked at objects outside his window. 
C)  a hallucination in the form of a presence that helped to guide him. 
D)  a schema that helped him recognize how his mind worked.

Question 3

Analysis of the misidentification of Ronald Cotton revealed that the misidentification involved:

Accepted Answer

A)  a perceptual error. 
B)  change blindness. 
C)  own-race bias. 
D)  lacking confidence in memory. 
A)  a perceptual error. 
B)  change blindness. 
C)  own-race bias. 
D)  lacking confidence in memory.

Question 4

A stage magician moved her right hand with a flourish that made a snapping sound, and then quietly dropped an object she had been holding in her left hand. A cognitive psychologist would MOST likely explain the audience's belief that the object had disappeared as an effect created by:

Accepted Answer

A)  a visual and auditory illusion. 
B)  a visual and auditory hallucination. 
C)  distraction and inattentional blindness. 
D)  a memorable experience based on a schema. 
A)  a visual and auditory illusion. 
B)  a visual and auditory hallucination. 
C)  distraction and inattentional blindness. 
D)  a memorable experience based on a schema.

Question 5

Detective Park watched a surveillance video. He watched the video again, slowed it down, and then noticed a cup on the floor that he had not seen previously. The detective's failure to see the cup on the first viewing can MOST likely be attributed to:

Accepted Answer

A)  inattentional blindness. 
B)  a visual illusion. 
C)  a cognitive distortion. 
D)  change blindness. 
A)  inattentional blindness. 
B)  a visual illusion. 
C)  a cognitive distortion. 
D)  change blindness.

Question 6

Those who assume that the results of laboratory experiments on eyewitness memory lead to particular conclusions about the accuracy of eyewitness memory would MOST likely state that:

Accepted Answer

A)  case studies of eyewitnesses provide just as valid information as do true experiments. 
B)  the results of the studies would be the same if the eyewitnesses were tested under more realistic and stressful conditions. 
C)  eyewitnesses would recall details more accurately if no misinformation was provided to them. 
D)  scientists are really interested in finding out if eyewitness memory is very accurate. 
A)  case studies of eyewitnesses provide just as valid information as do true experiments. 
B)  the results of the studies would be the same if the eyewitnesses were tested under more realistic and stressful conditions. 
C)  eyewitnesses would recall details more accurately if no misinformation was provided to them. 
D)  scientists are really interested in finding out if eyewitness memory is very accurate.

Question 7

Tuckey and Brewer (2003) had participants recall details from a simulated robbery in which a person's head was covered. Participants tended to recall the robber as a ____, which is____ with schema-based recall.

Accepted Answer

A)  man; consistent 
B)  man; inconsistent 
C)  woman; consistent 
D)  woman; inconsistent 
A)  man; consistent 
B)  man; inconsistent 
C)  woman; consistent 
D)  woman; inconsistent

Question 8

Specifically explain how the three examples at the beginning of the chapter led to wrong conclusions or poor judgments: (1) the attentional error, (2) the perceptual error, and (3) the memory error.

Accepted Answer

Thinking and judgment errors can occur b

Question 9

Which statement about hallucinations is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hallucinations are essentially perceptual errors about stimuli. 
B)  Hallucinations should always be considered a normal use of the imagination. 
C)  Most people who hallucinate have a mental disorder. 
D)  Most people experience a hallucination at some point in their lives. 
A)  Hallucinations are essentially perceptual errors about stimuli. 
B)  Hallucinations should always be considered a normal use of the imagination. 
C)  Most people who hallucinate have a mental disorder. 
D)  Most people experience a hallucination at some point in their lives.

Question 10

Tabatha drew the well-reasoned conclusion from the literature that eyewitness memory is often inaccurate. She thought about the issue some more and decided that, in general, memory is inaccurate and cannot be trusted in other situations as well. She seems to be committing the thinking error of:

Accepted Answer

A)  drawing a hasty generalization. 
B)  making a sweeping generalization. 
C)  arguing from ignorance. 
D)  confusing correlation with causation. 
A)  drawing a hasty generalization. 
B)  making a sweeping generalization. 
C)  arguing from ignorance. 
D)  confusing correlation with causation.

Question 11

Which statement is TRUE about human perceptual abilities?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humans perceive most of the energy in the electromagnetic spectrum. 
B)  People have extended their perception with the aid of instrumentation. 
C)  Background knowledge does little to guide human perception. 
D)  Human perceptual abilities are superior to those of other animals. 
A)  Humans perceive most of the energy in the electromagnetic spectrum. 
B)  People have extended their perception with the aid of instrumentation. 
C)  Background knowledge does little to guide human perception. 
D)  Human perceptual abilities are superior to those of other animals.

Question 12

Which effect BEST explains Thompson's identification of Cotton based on his facial features?

Accepted Answer

A)  Misinformation effect 
B)  Cross-race effect 
C)  Inattentional blindness 
D)  Racial discrimination 
A)  Misinformation effect 
B)  Cross-race effect 
C)  Inattentional blindness 
D)  Racial discrimination

Question 13

Rafael believes that eyewitness memory is quite accurate, which is consistent with the position that memory is:

Accepted Answer

A)  reconstructive. 
B)  schema-based. 
C)  reproductive. 
D)  hypnagogic. 
A)  reconstructive. 
B)  schema-based. 
C)  reproductive. 
D)  hypnagogic.

Question 14

Some people reported seeing a face on the surface of Mars in data sent back from the Viking spacecraft that flew to Mars in 1976. Psychologists would suggest _____ as the MOST likely explanation for this interpretation

Accepted Answer

A)  an instance of group hallucination 
B)  visual pareidolia 
C)  a visual illusion 
D)  an error in divided attention 
A)  an instance of group hallucination 
B)  visual pareidolia 
C)  a visual illusion 
D)  an error in divided attention

Question 15

The effect of leading questions used in the Loftus and Palmer (1974) study in which participants viewed a film of an accident and then estimated the car's speed is consistent with all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  the misinformation effect. 
B)  reconstruction in memory. 
C)  schema effects. 
D)  reproductive memory. 
A)  the misinformation effect. 
B)  reconstruction in memory. 
C)  schema effects. 
D)  reproductive memory.

Question 16

While Bei is taking notes about one slide presented in a lecture, the professor switches to the next slide before Bei finishes taking notes on the first slide. Bei finds herself caught between the notes she needs to take for both slides and attending to the new slide. Bei's difficulty is due to the fact that her:

Accepted Answer

A)  long-term memory has limited capacity and cannot switch attention quickly enough. 
B)  perceptual system can hold only a small number of words at a time. 
C)  working memory can hold only a limited amount of information for a brief period. 
D)  perceptual system cannot send information to her attentional system quickly enough. 
A)  long-term memory has limited capacity and cannot switch attention quickly enough. 
B)  perceptual system can hold only a small number of words at a time. 
C)  working memory can hold only a limited amount of information for a brief period. 
D)  perceptual system cannot send information to her attentional system quickly enough.

Question 17

Analysis of the misidentifications by Jennifer Thompson of Ronald Cotton as her rapist implicated the following factors:

Accepted Answer

A)  weapon focus, schema effects, and inattentional blindness. 
B)  schema effects, weapon focus, and a lack of confidence in memory. 
C)  own-race bias, weapon focus, and overconfidence in memory. 
D)  improper line-up construction and a lack of confidence in memory. 
A)  weapon focus, schema effects, and inattentional blindness. 
B)  schema effects, weapon focus, and a lack of confidence in memory. 
C)  own-race bias, weapon focus, and overconfidence in memory. 
D)  improper line-up construction and a lack of confidence in memory.

Question 18

Which statement is TRUE about attention?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cognitive resources available for attention are limited. 
B)  People can perform multiple tasks at once as well as a single task. 
C)  All memory errors are basically errors of attention. 
D)  Attention involves taking in and interpreting sensory data. 
A)  The cognitive resources available for attention are limited. 
B)  People can perform multiple tasks at once as well as a single task. 
C)  All memory errors are basically errors of attention. 
D)  Attention involves taking in and interpreting sensory data.

Question 19

"Is Eyewitness Memory Accurate?" discusses how Jennifer Thompson mistakenly identified Ronald Cotton as her rapist. Which statement is TRUE about the outcome of Cotton's case?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cotton was later judged to be innocent and acquitted based on DNA evidence. 
B)  An experiment on eyewitness memory showed that Cotton was not guilty. 
C)  Jennifer Thompson later testified before a jury that Cotton was innocent. 
D)  Cotton was convicted because jurors experienced the misinformation effect. 
A)  Cotton was later judged to be innocent and acquitted based on DNA evidence. 
B)  An experiment on eyewitness memory showed that Cotton was not guilty. 
C)  Jennifer Thompson later testified before a jury that Cotton was innocent. 
D)  Cotton was convicted because jurors experienced the misinformation effect.

The misinformation effect is produced when the experimenter

According to the text, the sleep deprivation experienced by Charles Lindbergh during his transatlantic flight MOST likely contributed to his experiencing:

Analysis of the misidentification of Ronald Cotton revealed that the misidentification involved:

A stage magician moved her right hand with a flourish that made a snapping sound, and then quietly dropped an object she had been holding in her left hand. A cognitive psychologist would MOST likely explain the audience's belief that the object had disappeared as an effect created by:

Detective Park watched a surveillance video. He watched the video again, slowed it down, and then noticed a cup on the floor that he had not seen previously. The detective's failure to see the cup on the first viewing can MOST likely be attributed to:

Those who assume that the results of laboratory experiments on eyewitness memory lead to particular conclusions about the accuracy of eyewitness memory would MOST likely state that:

Tuckey and Brewer (2003) had participants recall details from a simulated robbery in which a person's head was covered. Participants tended to recall the robber as a , which is with schema-based recall.

Specifically explain how the three examples at the beginning of the chapter led to wrong conclusions or poor judgments: (1) the attentional error, (2) the perceptual error, and (3) the memory error.

Which statement about hallucinations is TRUE?

Tabatha drew the well-reasoned conclusion from the literature that eyewitness memory is often inaccurate. She thought about the issue some more and decided that, in general, memory is inaccurate and cannot be trusted in other situations as well. She seems to be committing the thinking error of:

Which statement is TRUE about human perceptual abilities?

Which effect BEST explains Thompson's identification of Cotton based on his facial features?

Rafael believes that eyewitness memory is quite accurate, which is consistent with the position that memory is:

Some people reported seeing a face on the surface of Mars in data sent back from the Viking spacecraft that flew to Mars in 1976. Psychologists would suggest _____ as the MOST likely explanation for this interpretation

The effect of leading questions used in the Loftus and Palmer (1974) study in which participants viewed a film of an accident and then estimated the car's speed is consistent with all of the following EXCEPT:

Analysis of the misidentifications by Jennifer Thompson of Ronald Cotton as her rapist implicated the following factors:

Which statement is TRUE about attention?

"Is Eyewitness Memory Accurate?" discusses how Jennifer Thompson mistakenly identified Ronald Cotton as her rapist. Which statement is TRUE about the outcome of Cotton's case?

Introduction to Critical Thinking in Psychology and Everyday Life

Deductive Reasoning, Prediction, and Making Assumptions

Inductive Reasoning in Psychology and Everyday Life

Critical Thinking and Scientific Reasoning

Pseudoscience, Science, and Evidence-Based Practice

Can the Mind Leave the Body the Mindbrain Problem

Critical Thinking and the Internet

Emotion, Motivated Reasoning, and Critical Thinking

Critically Analyzing a Psychological Question: Are People Basically Selfish

Judgment, Decision Making, and Types of Thinking

Superstition, Magic, Science, and Critical Thinking

Critical Thinking in Clinical Reasoning and Diagnosis

Language, Writing, and Critical Thinking

Filters

Exam 6: Errors in Attention, Perception, and Memory That Affect Thinking

The misinformation effect is produced when the experimenter

According to the text, the sleep deprivation experienced by Charles Lindbergh during his transatlantic flight MOST likely contributed to his experiencing:

Analysis of the misidentification of Ronald Cotton revealed that the misidentification involved:

A stage magician moved her right hand with a flourish that made a snapping sound, and then quietly dropped an object she had been holding in her left hand. A cognitive psychologist would MOST likely explain the audience's belief that the object had disappeared as an effect created by:

Detective Park watched a surveillance video. He watched the video again, slowed it down, and then noticed a cup on the floor that he had not seen previously. The detective's failure to see the cup on the first viewing can MOST likely be attributed to:

Those who assume that the results of laboratory experiments on eyewitness memory lead to particular conclusions about the accuracy of eyewitness memory would MOST likely state that:

Tuckey and Brewer (2003) had participants recall details from a simulated robbery in which a person's head was covered. Participants tended to recall the robber as a ____, which is____ with schema-based recall.

Specifically explain how the three examples at the beginning of the chapter led to wrong conclusions or poor judgments: (1) the attentional error, (2) the perceptual error, and (3) the memory error.

Which statement about hallucinations is TRUE?

Tabatha drew the well-reasoned conclusion from the literature that eyewitness memory is often inaccurate. She thought about the issue some more and decided that, in general, memory is inaccurate and cannot be trusted in other situations as well. She seems to be committing the thinking error of:

Which statement is TRUE about human perceptual abilities?

Which effect BEST explains Thompson's identification of Cotton based on his facial features?

Rafael believes that eyewitness memory is quite accurate, which is consistent with the position that memory is:

Some people reported seeing a face on the surface of Mars in data sent back from the Viking spacecraft that flew to Mars in 1976. Psychologists would suggest _____ as the MOST likely explanation for this interpretation

The effect of leading questions used in the Loftus and Palmer (1974) study in which participants viewed a film of an accident and then estimated the car's speed is consistent with all of the following EXCEPT:

Analysis of the misidentifications by Jennifer Thompson of Ronald Cotton as her rapist implicated the following factors:

Which statement is TRUE about attention?

"Is Eyewitness Memory Accurate?" discusses how Jennifer Thompson mistakenly identified Ronald Cotton as her rapist. Which statement is TRUE about the outcome of Cotton's case?

Introduction to Critical Thinking in Psychology and Everyday Life

Deductive Reasoning, Prediction, and Making Assumptions

Inductive Reasoning in Psychology and Everyday Life

Critical Thinking and Scientific Reasoning

Pseudoscience, Science, and Evidence-Based Practice

Can the Mind Leave the Body the Mindbrain Problem

Critical Thinking and the Internet

Emotion, Motivated Reasoning, and Critical Thinking

Critically Analyzing a Psychological Question: Are People Basically Selfish

Judgment, Decision Making, and Types of Thinking

Superstition, Magic, Science, and Critical Thinking

Critical Thinking in Clinical Reasoning and Diagnosis

Language, Writing, and Critical Thinking

Filters

Tuckey and Brewer (2003) had participants recall details from a simulated robbery in which a person's head was covered. Participants tended to recall the robber as a , which is with schema-based recall.